Black Spot Area Research Articles

CHEMICAL FEATURES OF FOREWING SCALES OF Leptosia nina Fabricius, 1793 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

The functional groups have a vital role in insect physiology, behaviour, and adaptation to the environment and are crucial in biomimetics to replicate and adapt biological functions for diverse use ranging from medicine to material science and energy technologies. A study was conducted on Leptosia nina forewing scales to assess its chemical composition spectra using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. The identified functional groups from dorsal white, dorsal black spot, ventral white and ventral black spot areas of L. nina forewing composed of alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, aliphatic amine, alkanes, alkenes, alkyl halides, alkynes, aromatic groups,carboxylic acid groups, nitro compounds, amines, ester and ether with various stretches. The spectra showed minor variations in peaks in the four regions studied. The study is the first record revealing the functional groups of L. nina forewing scales.

Spatial Analysis to Determine Black Spot Area in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Nowadays the number of traffic accidents increase due to the surging volume of road traffic. The efforts to reduce number of accidents is important, especially to identify the location and causes the accidents. Therefore, this study aims to identify black spot areas, which are areas with a high concentration of traffic accidents, in Kulon Progo Regency in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The method used is spatial analysis by combining analysis of traffic accident data and geographic information system (GIS) data using ArcGIS software. The study focused on provincial road consist of primary collector 2 and 3, as well as national road segments. The analysis of accident data allowed the identification of hotspots where accidents occur most frequently. Hotspot analysis methods such as Local Statistic Analysis and Kernel Density Estimation were used to assess the spatial patterns and clustering of accidents. The study found that the black spot area in Kulon Progo Regency was mainly concentrated on the National Road Segment, with fewer occurrences on the Provincial Road with function of Primary Collector 2 and minimal presence on the Primary Collector 3 Road Segment. This result can be used to develop strategies to mitigate accidents and improve road safety in the area.

Analizing Traffic Accidents on Pekanbaru-Dumai Toll Road from Road infrastructure Perspective

The Pekanbaru-Dumai (PERMAI) toll road serves a crucial role as the busiest access route in Riau Province. Due to the high volume of traffic on this toll road, it is suspected that various types of traffic accidents occur. This study analyzed the frequency of traffic accidents, accident rate metrics for black-spot and black-site areas, and the condition of road infrastructure on the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method and collected data from primary sources through field observations and secondary sources, such as accident reports from the Riau Regional Police Traffic Directorate (Indonesian: Direktorat Lalu Lintas POLDA Riau) covering the period from 2020 to 2022 and average daily traffic volume data from the Toll Road Regulatory Agency (Indonesian: Badan Pengatur Jalan Tol [BPJT]). The accident rate formula for black spots and black sites was applied to identify accident-prone and high-traffic areas on the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road. The analysis results revealed a total of 30 incidents over the three years. The highest accident rate for black-spot areas was 0.10 at KM 34 and KM 35, while the highest for black-site areas was 0.10 at KM 35. Most incidents occurred during the night until early morning, specifically from 18:01 to 02:00. Passenger cars were the most frequently involved vehicles, with 16 single-vehicle collisions. These accidents resulted in 28 victims, including 7 fatalities, 9 serious injuries, and 12 minor injuries. In terms of travel direction, Line A (Pekanbaru to Dumai) experienced 11 incidents, while Line B (Dumai to Pekanbaru) had 19 incidents. The primary factor contributing to these accidents was human error, typically due to negligence or carelessness. Based on observations of road equipment and traffic management on the Pekanbaru-Dumai toll road, the study suggests improving safety by adding noise barriers following Indonesia’s Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 82/2018, Article 33. Additionally, enhancing overall street lighting is recommended, in alignment with Indonesia’s Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 16/PRT/M/2014 concerning Minimum Service Standards.

Modelling and analysis of vehicle accident under mixed traffic conditions in Ilu Ababor zone, Ethiopia

Modelling and analysis of traffic accident has vital role in reduction of vehicle accident. This study is aimed to assess the rate traffic accident over the ranges of several years and to model traffic accident with influencing parameters. The data used for study were; Geometry of the road, recorded traffic accidents, traffic volume, surface condition of the road, driver behavior and road infrastructure. The result shows that, the death rate in vehicle accident from 2001 to 2004, 2006 to 2008 and 2009-2010 is increasing. Also, from 2004 to 2006, 2008 to 2009 and 2010 to 2013 shows the decreasing. In major injury, it is increasing in first five years except 2004 which shows some significant change. In the next four years from 2005 to 2009 it shows decreasing except 2007 which shows a significant increasing. From 2010 to 2013 it is decreasing in non-uniform manner. In minor injury due to vehicle accident, it shows increasing in first seven years and decreasing from 2004 to 2013, which improvement in road safety aspect. In property damage, it shows in increasing significantly from 2001 to 2005. After 2005 even though, estimated property lost is increasing or high the number of accidents recorded as property damage is decreasing which shows a little improvement. The important index of vehicle accident in heterogeneous traffic condition is rate of accident which has been computed for four years. Estimated rate of accident for 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 are 152, 98, 469, and 103 respectively. Multiple linear regression model has been developed to show the significance the predictors on the traffic accident. The developed regression model indicates that, lack of geometric design is the major factor that pay role in traffic accident of study area. The determinant of vehicle accident is operating speed. Finally, black spot area in each Woreda has been identified.

Effects of Motorcycle Accidents on Household Livelihood in Vihiga County, Kenya

Purpose: World Health Organization reports that more than 1.2 million people die every year due to road transport related traffic accidents. In Kenya approximately one in every five death is due to road traffic accidents. In Vihiga County, motorcycles are the leading cause of accidents with victims increasing from 140 in 2008 to 338 in 2018. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to analyze motorcycle accident effects on household livelihood in Vihiga County, Kenya.
 Methodology: The study was modeled around the system theory. A descriptive research design was adopted with a target population of 140 respondents who were the victims of the road traffic accident were involved using the census technique. Data collection was done using questionnaires and interviews. Validity test was by construct validity while reliability test involved the use of Cronbach’ alpha. Data was analyzed into frequencies, cumulative frequencies and percentages using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 16). The study findings indicated that motorcycle accidents have an effect on livelihoods because families find it difficult accessing basic needs after their bread winner is involved in a road accident. There is an association between motorcycle accidents and access to food with chi-square of 4.487 and p-value of 0.016.
 Unique contribution to practice and policy: The study recommends that the government should train all riders to impart them with skills that will help reduce accidents and also revise the driving school curriculum in order to seal loopholes that see unqualified motorcycle riders on the road. National Transport and Safety authority to make known to the public blackspot areas especially in Hamisi sub county and ensure safety measures are taken to stop motorcycle accidents. Traffic police department to reinforce traffic rules especially on the use of helmets as most of the injuries that were fatal were as a result of riding without helmets. Ministry of education through the constituency development fund committee to identify children from families with victims of motorcycle accidents and ensure their fees is paid to avoid the high school dropout cases. The government to incorporate NGOs offering humanitarian services to consider including families of victims of motorcycle accidents in their feeding program to ensure they access food. Finally, public campaign to be carried out to sensitize the motorcycle riders on importance of subscribing to NHIF so as to be able to access treatment in case of an accident.

Communication in black spot using lora technology

The main theme of this paper is to develop an embedded based system to send messages from black spot area using LORA and GSM. Black spot is nothing but an area where we could not find any network signals. Even in cities also sometimes we may not have signals inside the room. Through such areas sending or calling is not possible. This black spot is used for security purposes. Military regiments are signal jammed areas where the communication is impossible, so the people there use this kind of communication. This project is also used in undercover operations where the communication takes place in this process. Here the project built is useful to create signals for sending messages in the black spot through the two different communication modules i.e., LORA and GSM. In the project work different frequencies for individual modules are likely to be used such as GSM (1800MHz) and LORA (2.4GHz). By using these two wireless communication devices we create communication link in between LORA and GSM by which a message will be sent in the form of SMS through the Bluetooth module.

Road Infrastructure Deficiency and Road Safety Audit at Black Spot Area in Rural Road

Abstract One of the factors that caused traffic accidents is road infrastructure. Strategies to minimize the road deficiency infrastructure is implementation of the forgiving road, self-explaining road, and self-regulating road. The purpose of this study was analyzing the deficiency of road infrastructure and implementing the road safety audit at black spot areas in rural areas. Study location in Bojongsari Street, Purbalingga. Parameters that are analyzed in deficiency of road infrastructure include the road geometric condition, road pavement performance, and road equipment facilities. Parameters that analyzed in road geometric condition, namely stopping and passing sight distance, lane width of road, and road shoulder width. The results of this study show that the highest passing and stopping sight distance of all vehicles was motorcycles at 304.48 m and 64.67 m. The road pavement performance based on pavement condition index for the longitudinal/transverse cracking conditions is 94 and for the lane or shoulder drop-off condition is 77. Recommendations given based on road safety audit results for road geometric is to improve the road shoulder, for pavement condition improves shoulder drop-off and longitudinal/transverse cracking. For the road equipment facilities are to install the maximum speed limit sign of 40 km/h and install the warning sign.

A Smart Approach for Vehicle Speed Monitoring and Accidents Trend at Black Spot Areas in Tanzania

A Smart Approach for Vehicle Speed Monitoring and Accidents Trend at Black Spot Areas in Tanzania

Identifying Influencing Factors of Road Accidents in Emerging Road Accident Blackspots

This study deals with identifying the accident blackspots and the influencing factors causing accidents using factored analysis in a medium‐sized city (Tirunelveli) in India. From the literature review, the geospatial technique to identify the blackspots and the factors causing accidents was used for analysis. The most influencing factors driving the accidents were identified and ranked based on the repetitive occurrence of accidents in the blackspot area. The spearman ranking system showed the correlation among the factors causing accidents. The factor analysis technique was utilized to identify the key factors driving the repetitive accidents and group them. This study will help transportation planners understand the factors causing accidents and take appropriate measures to reduce the casualties in the road construction planning stage and existing conditions.

The Influence Of Traffic Control Devices And Road Geometric Characteristics On Traffic Crushes Of Rular Two Lane Road

Traffic accidents worldwide are among the most alarming phenomena because they cost billions of dollars due to death rates and property damage. In Ethiopia, the accident fatality rate is becoming one of the most serious problems. Specifically, in rural highways where in there are problems with traffic control device enforcement and geometric deficiencies. Gedeo zone faces a similar problem that is considered a hot issue on-road crash. This study focused on the influence of traffic control devices and geometric characteristic related to road crashes. The data collection method was a purposive sampling technique considering both primary and secondary data collection system. Direct field observations were conducted, such as field survey and recording of the existing road geometric elements to figure out which geometric element contributory to traffic crashes. The data collected from the police traffic was categorized by clustering the road into different road segments composed of the same geometric characteristics. The severity of the accident analyzed and identified the hazardous road sections (black spot area). The relationships of accident crash established between the influence of traffic control access devices and geometric elements on the crash reduction at the identified accident-prone areas. Further, the study used ANN modeling through engineering software MATLAB to analyze the weight age of crashes on specified road segments concerning geometric road characteristics. Hence, the gradient carriageway width, super-elevation, cross slope, gradient, sight distance number of the horizontal curve, number of vertical curves, and AADT are the major factors for the occurrence of both fatal and injury at the blackspot segment along the rural highway.

Karakteristik Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas pada Jalan Tol Jagorawi km 19–km 40 Kabupaten Bogor

The aims of this research are to identify accident characteristics and blackspot on Jakarta – Bogor – Ciawi (Jagorawi) Toll Road km 19 – km 40, as part of Jagorawi Toll Road, using secondary data on traffic accidents for 3 years, namely 2016 – 2018. The research method refers to Pd T-09-2004-B-Guidelines for Handling Traffic Accident Black Sites (Directorate General of Bina Marga, 2004). The results showed the most accidents for Bogor direction occurred on Friday (39%) and for Jakarta directions on Tuesday (22%), in bright light conditions, fair weather with the dominant accident type of rear front crash (81%). The blackspots of Jagorawi Toll Road are located on the Km 23 (km 23+090, 23+600 and 23+800) and km 26 (km 26+200, 26+800 and 26+870) for Bogor direction and km 23 (km 23+200, 23+400, 23+600) for Jakarta direction. The proposed handling is the addition of warning signs in blackspot areas, safe distance limits and speed limits on toll roads.

Blackspot Analysis of Road Traffic Crashes in Surabaya-Manyar Toll Road, East Java

Traffic crashes are one of the problems that cannot be prevented, especially on toll roads. Knowing the crash element, including crash number, type, factor, and fatality, could lead the investigation to set crash solving and prevention by finding the blackspot point. Surabaya-Manyar toll roads were reported as crash-prone locations, with 149 crashes from 2014-2018. This research concerns the impact on a specific period obtained by PT. Margabumi Matrajaya was ranging from 2014-2018 at Surabaya-Manyar toll road. The objectives aim to analyze the crash element using submitted data from PT. Margabumi Matrajaya to find the blackspot at each line. The collected data were the primary data from field observation and documentation and secondary data, consisting of crash data, road length, time of the crash, what types of vehicles were involved in the crash, and wound victim data. The locations of crash-prone points (Blackspots) on the Surabaya-Manyar Toll road are as follows: The locations of crash-prone points (Blackspots) on the Surabaya Toll road-Manyar line mostly occurred at Km 9 + 925-16 + 400 mostly in 2018, on the Romokalisari-Kebomas section, and for Manyar-Surabaya line, occurred at Km 3 + 500-0 + 000 mostly in 2016, on the Tandes-Dupak section. Therefore, to decrease the crash number in Surabaya-Manyar toll road, PT. Margabumi Matrajaya should add traffic sign as blackspot area, speed trap, warning sign like slippery road ahead warning, crossroad, and merging traffic.

The application of geographic information system as an intelligent system towards emergency responses in road traffic accident in Ibadan

Background: The high influx of private and public vehicles within global cities (including Ibadan) has resulted in traffic congestion within the city centre. Ibadan North-East, an urban local government area (LGA) within the metropolitan land area of Ibadan, has been experiencing automobile accidents and traffic congestion which in turn limits emergency responders. Objectives: The broad objective of the study was to develop a digital road network database for emergency response to road traffic accident, Ibadan North East, Nigeria. Methods: This study made use of primary and secondary data to generate spatial and non-spatial data. ArcGIS 10.3 was used to create the database, analyse data and display the results. Spatial search and network analysis were carried out using a kernel density estimated tool to generate a black-spot area within Ibadan North-East. Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm in the ArcGIS Network Analysis was utilised to identify the closest health facility to the road traffic crash scene. Results: The most cost-effective haven introduced route impedance and is defined as the best route. Study findings show that dynamic distance varies from the best route to an alternative route. Also, kernel density estimation reveals that crashes widely occur in the northeastern and southwestern parts of Ibadan North-East (Iwo Road and Orita-Aperin). Incorporating live traffic data using GPS technology and traffic cameras was identified to enhance road traffic data documentation and safety. Conclusion: The study identifies GIS as a decision support system that is useful in the area of planning, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery for decision-making in road traffic-related emergency management and emergency planning services in Ibadan.

Communication through black spot area using LoRa technology and IOT

The Aim of the project is to communicate through Black spot, Black spot is the area where the signal is not found. From the black spot transmission or receiving of information is difficult. Here the project is useful to create a signal and to transmit message. This project mainly useful at the places with no signal like Forests, Hill Stations, Islands, Sea. To communicate in emergency cases this project will help us. To build the communication between the Black spot and remote area we are using LoRa technology. The Project is mainly consisting of LoRa Modules, Transmitter and Receiver. LoRa stands as Long Range that means the communication range is Large and works on the low power consumption. In communication system the range plays the major role. LoRa helps for the Long-range network. Two embedded developed boards are included in this project. The first is having Raspberry Pi and LoRa transmitter and the board is placed at black spot area. We connect a keypad to the board. The second board is having LoRa receiver, controller and GSM module, this board is placed at the remote area. Remote area is nothing but the signals are present. GSM is arranged to transmit the message to the specified mobile. Whenever we wish to transmit the message, we text the matter using the keypad at Transmitter board, The LoRa transmits the data to the reception board. GSM passes the passes the information to the Active center, if there is any emergency at that places, they can communicate with active center and the active center can reach them fast and easily.

4G LTE Network Coverage Optimization Using Metaheuristic Approach

The main focus of this paper is to optimize the coverage of each 4G LTE network cell within the service area. There are many algorithms can be implemented to determine the optimal 4G LTE coverage area including the deterministic and heuristic approaches. The deterministic approach could solve accurately the optimization problem but need more resources and time consuming to determine the convergence parameters. Therefore, the heuristic approaches were introduced to improve the deterministic approach drawback. The methods used are the Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) and Adaptive Mutation Genetic Algorithm (AMGA), which are categorized as metaheuristic approach. The DEA and AMGA algorithms have been widely used to solve combinatorial problems, including for solving the network optimizations. In the network optimization, coverage is strongly related to 2 objectives, which are reducing the black spot area and decreasing the overlapping coverage areas. Coverage overlap is a condition when some cell sites in an area overlap. It implies in the occurrence of hand off and an inefficient network management. This research aims to obtain an optimal 4G LTE network coverage and reduce the overlapping coverage areas based on effective e-Node B arrangements by using the DEA and AMGA algorithms. The simulations results showed that the DEA algorithm’s coverage effectiveness was 23,4%, and the AMGA Algorithm’s was 16,32%.

Assessment of Traffic Safety Problems and Awareness of Road Users, the Case of Shashemene Town

Now days, road traffic accidents are one of the public health problems all over the worlds especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study was conducted using both descriptive and analytical methods. The sampling method used for this research was purposive sampling methods and the population represents this study was selected arbitrary. According to the finding of these research, the current road traffic safety problems of shashemene town are lack of awareness of pedestrians on traffic rule, lack of drivers skill, poor enforcement of law, insufficient speed breaker, width of road way, width of bridge, poor road side furniture, insufficient road safety consideration, drivers not respecting others road users, excessive speed, failure to give priority for pedestrians, risky overtaking, following each other’s too closely and not respecting right hand rule are some of the variable that cause traffic accidents. Based on the vehicle type, the majority of accident is caused by dry freight vehicle (Isuzu, Sino and FSR) which covers 44%, transport bus which covers 28%, Minibus 14.5%, motor cycle 7% taxi 3.6 and cart covers 3%. the researcher also found that the major accident happen at study area is by human error (89%) and the other are due to road problems, mechanical problems and environmental problems. According to vulnerability of road users to RTA, are categorized in to pedestrians 46.7%, passengers 20.7%, drivers 14.5%, motorcyclist 6.9%, cyclist and others covers 9.65%. the researcher also identified black spot area and contributing factor of RTA at those areas. Accordingly the major traffic crashes are occurs on Kuyera road which covers 24%, on kofele road 18%, 13% on Alaba road, exit of Awassa road 7% and also tekliye, kebele 010 around gomista 7%, around Dadimos College 4% and in front of dr. urgessa clinic 7% and zerihun garage covers 5% from all the accident. Most of the traffic accident caused on this area is due to speed, not giving priority for pedestrians, lack of awareness on road traffic safety, due to poor law enforcement, due to driver’s error (concerning skill and in attentiveness, driving after they take drug like chat and shisha) narrowness of the carriage way, absence of pedestrian’s walkway and lack of road side furniture’s.

Analisis Tingkat Keselamatan Jalan Tol Berdasarkan Metode Pembobotan Korlantas (Studi Kasus: Jalan Tol Cipularang)

Kecelakaan lalu lintas tidak hanya menimbulkan kerugian materi akan tetapi mengakibatkan kehilangan sumber daya manusia yang sangat tinggi. Ruas jalan tol Cipularang memiliki lokasi rawan kecelakaan (blackspot) yang banyak sehingga mengakibatkan menurunnya kinerja ruas jalan tol tersebut. Pendekatan analisis data kecelakaan dengan analisis pembobotan Korlantas yaitu memprediksi lokasi blackspot berdasarkan tingkat fatalitas korban kecelakaan di ruas jalan. Berdasarkan analisis pembobotan Korlantas tingginya angka kecelakaan berada di lokasi KM 91-93. Aspek yang ditinjau dalam mengevaluasi daerah blackspot meliputi volume lalu lintas, kecepatan operasional, geometrik, dan perlengkapan jalan.
 Waktu kejadian kecelakaan pada pukul 00.00-06.00 dengan persentase rata-rata 43%, tipe tabrakan didominasi oleh kecelakaan sendiri dengan persentase rata-rata 37%, berdasarkan faktor penyebab kecelakaan adalah kurang antisipasinya pengemudi dengan persentase rata-rata 48%. Kecelakaan yang sering muncul terjadi pada KM. 91 dengan memiliki angka kecelakaan tertinggi yang didominasi oleh kendaraan truk besar dengan persentase rata-rata 14% dan memiliki nilai fatalitas korban kecelakaan yang tinggi. Usulan penanganan pada daerah blackspot jalan tol Cipularang KM 91-93 berdasarkan penyebab kecelakaan yang dominan dilakukan sebagai upaya meningkatkan keselamatan jalan.

Analisis Keselamatan Lalu Lintas Jalan Tol Ngawi-Kertosono Studi Kasus Ruas Madiun-Caruban dan Ruas Caruban-Wilangan

Toll roads can reduce travel time to be shorter, easier, more convenient, and smooth. However, many road users neglact safety because it’s too comfortable with road conditions that are straight, smooth, and without obstacles. Many road users who drive vehicles exceed the required traffic signs, causing traffic accident. Within 10 months of the operation of the Ngawi-Kertosono toll road on April 1, 2018, until February 24, 2019, traffic accidents reached 59 accidents on the Madiun-Wilangan toll road. From these data, it’s necessary to study the causes of toll road traffic accidents in accident-prone areas. As a first step, it’s necessary to determine the black site and black spots and the relationship between the geometric factors of the road to reduce the number of traffic accidents on the Madiun-Wilangan toll road. This calculation analysis uses the Z-Score and Cusum method by finding the black spot and black site areas. Based on the results of the analysis there are accident-prone areas on the toll road that is from KM 602 to 622 where the Z-Score is 1.733> 0 and Cusum 7.64> 0 so that the accident-prone area can be found on the Black Site and Black Spot results on the road location Madiun, Caruban and Caruban-Wilangan toll road. Suggestions from research need to be conducted outreach or outreach related to traffic and road safety regulations that often have accidents.

Accident Analysis Due To The Condition Of Transportation Infrastructure In Surabaya

The city of Surabaya is one of the major cities in Indonesia and is the capital of East Java Province, with a total population of 2,765,487 based on the Surabaya City Statistics Center 2018. With increasing population, ownership of private vehicles and activities on the highway will also increase. more dense and certainly can cause traffic accidents. The purpose of this research was to find out the characteristics of road users and the effect of the level of accidents on the road Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno Surabaya. The factors reviewed from this study are the characteristics of road users based on Age, Profession, Driver Factors, Vehicle Factors and Road Infrastructure Factors. To find out whether Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno is a road with a Black Spot area, so the Accident Rate method is used for this study to determine the accident rate based on the Black Spot area. From the results of accident analysis based on the characteristics of the road user Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, the highest factor as the main cause of traffic accidents is caused by Drivers with speeding conditions and vulnerable drivers aged 16-30 years. And based on the accident rate method get the highest yield of 12.74 accidents / km. Year and included in the black spot area with an accident rate >1.0. The number of traffic violations and traffic accident victims on the road Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno during 2018 there were 61 traffic accidents which resulted in 7 casualties died, 7 accident victims suffered serious injuries and 73 accident victims suffered minor injuries.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN PADA LOKASI RAWAN KECELAKAAN DI RUAS JALAN KOTA PEKANBARU

Traffic accidents are stochastic and occur due to a combination of several factors. Due to disadvantages by accidents, it is necessary to have a study to improve road safety. This research take the case on the roads in Pekanbaru City. Secondary data in the form of accident report obtained from Ditlantas Polda RIAU. While the primary data obtained directly from the survey location and questionnaire location accident-prone. The purpose of this research is to find blackspot area based on the result of the highest accident rate ranking, perform safety analysis, conflict analysis at blackspot location, and recommend accident countermeasures for that locations. Rating analysis was conducted using accident data for 3 years using accident frequency criteria, EPDO. Blackspot area are; Jl. Hangtuah KM 1-2, Jl. Hr.Subrantas KM 3-4, Jl. Sukarno Hatta KM 1-2. Based on the safety problems, some safety remedial measures are proposed for these loaction. The safety remedial measures proposed for Jl. Hantuah KM 1-2 are Installation of speed limit sign, Road marking with continous line, and providing road lighting. The safety remedial measures proposed for Jl. HR. Subrantas are Installation of Warning Signs, Zebra Cross, Pavement Repair, Signs of parking ban on the shoulder of the road. The safety remedial measures proposed for Jl Sukarno Hatta KM 1-2 are Installation of Speed Limit Sign, and relocation of u-turn.