Blackface Research Articles

Something Beautiful and Powerful: Politics, Art, and Bread and Puppet Theater

Something Beautiful and Powerful: Politics, Art, and Bread and Puppet Theater

African American Sheet Music

African American Sheet Music is a database created by the Center for Digital Scholarship located in John Hay Library at Brown University. It is a culturally rich database filled with sheet music, illustrations, lyrics, and music publishing history centering around the lives of African American composers, musicians, singers, dancers, and stage actors. Various descriptions have the holdings set between different collection dates; however, in the search filters researchers can search items between 1800 and 1926, with some years missing in between. African American Sheet Music contains a wealth of information about African American theater during eras such as the Antebellum South, the Civil War, Reconstruction, and Post-Reconstruction. In addition, there are important illustrations for blackface minstrelsy. Approximately 1,455 items are digitized and readily available for research usage.

Morphology of hybrid orchid induced by polyploidy using colchicine

Phalaenopsis orchid flower is one of the essential aspects that has received significant attention from orchid breeders and farmers. Undesirable floral characters can be improved and enhanced by polyploidization using chemically induced antimitotic compounds such as colchicine. This reserach aimed to determine the morphological characteristics of orchids after being colchicine. This research was conducted on December 2021-February 2022 in Screen House, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. In this research, three orchids of different types were used, that is P. Ox Black Face Ox 1647, P. Ox Spot Queen Ox Rouge Ox 1460, and P. Chain Xen Moment. This experimental study uses three samples of orchids given colchicine and orchids without colchicine. Each sample was repeated three times. The treatment was carried out by dripping colchicine 1,250 ppm on the buds of the three varieties, then covered with cotton and carbon paper. This study used descriptive analysis with data collection techniques, including direct observation and morphological documentation of three varieties of orchids. The results of this research indicated the success of P. Ox Spot Queen Ox Rouge Ox 1460, which had larger flower widths and lengths, that is, 9 cm long and 20 cm wide, and had an average flower autumn time of 60 days longer than the other two varieties.

PERFORMANCE OF KARADI SHEEP IN KURDISTAN REGION/IRAQ: A REVIEW

The Karadi sheep which comprises about 18-20% of the country sheep population is native to the northern mountain villages and undulating dry-farming plains of Kurdistan region. Rams and ewes are polled, and it is fat tailed animal with an excessively large tail that ends in a thin nonfat terminal extended beyond the fat lobs. The sheep are white with black open face and pendulous ear. The black color often extends to the shoulders and other parts of the body. All Iraqi sheep including Awassi, Arabi and Karadi were exposed over a long period of time to the rigorous and sever semi-dry condition, drought, feed shortage and prevailing disease. Hence their adaptation to the conditions of the country was at the expend of important economic traits. Karadi sheep is hardy with potentials for improvement, their weight and milk display over whelming ranges. In addition, hormonal treatment have improved their reproduction performance, as well as crossing them with other native and exotic breeds is promising. Nevertheless, this breed is not well characterized and much work is needed to explore the potential of this breed for economic traits.

Minstrelsy, Blackface, and Racialized Performance in Narrative Stereoviews, 1860-1902

This essay looks at the influence of blackface minstrelsy on stereoviews of British and American publication from 1860-1902, within a transatlantic perspective. Using Black and blackface models, as well as hand-coloring, or “photographic blackface”, stereoview publishers employed ready cultural codes from minstrelsy for racialized performance in order to posit an antithesis to whiteness for comic effect. Taking a “yes, it’s racist and” approach, this paper demonstrates that narrative stereoviews were informed by minstrelsy’s codes of white racial superiority and Black inferiority, and these codes could be destabilized through over-signage and contradictory or crossed signifiers. Binaries of race, gender and sexuality in the stereoviews can become unstable, while the stereoview’s two photographs contribute to this effect by offering an already doubleness that, when applied to race, suggests a relation more close than different.&nbsp

Masking “My Face,” Unmasking “My Soul”: Bert Williams’s Double Consciousness, Carnivalesque Inversion, and Nobodiness

Known as the representative figure of black minstrelsy, Bert Williams’s revolutionary success on Broadway and in the Ziegfeld Follies created a landmark opportunity for black voices to be heard in high-profile setting in a white world. The performance most notably preferred by his white audiences was Williams’s minstrel song “Nobody,” which from Williams’s perspective was also an irreplaceable piece. Visually echoing his minstrel song, Williams’s cakewalk performance success in the 1890s laid the basis for the song’s popularity. Both the song and Williams’s carnivalesque performance blurred the color line and transcended black minstrel stereotypes by taking African Americans’ voices in the Jim Crow and lynching eras into serious consideration. However, though black minstrelsy has been largely misunderstood as exclusively racial stereotypes, what Bakhtin describes as the permeating carnivalesque inversion in black minstrel performance helps sharpen and clarify the double consciousness ideology between the burnt cork blackened face mask and the soul of black minstrel performers.

Emergency department returns and early follow-up visits after heart failure hospitalization: Cohort study examining the role of race.

Health disparities in heart failure (HF) show that Black patients face greater ED utilization and worse clinical outcomes. Transitional care post-HF hospitalization, such as 7-day early follow-up visits, may prevent ED returns. We examine whether early follow-up is associated with lower ED returns visits within 30 days and whether Black race is associated with receiving early follow-up after HF hospitalization. This was a retrospective cohort analysis of all Black and White adult patients at 13 hospitals in Michigan hospitalized for HF from October 1, 2017, to September 30, 2020. Adjusted risk ratios (aRR) were estimated from multivariable logistic regressions. The analytic sample comprised 6,493 patients (mean age = 71 years (SD 15), 50% female, 37% Black, 9% Medicaid). Ten percent had an ED return within 30 days and almost half (43%) of patients had 7-day early follow-up. Patients with early follow-up had lower risk of ED returns (aRR 0.85 [95%CI, 0.71-0.98]). Regarding rates of early follow-up, there was no overall adjusted association with Black race, but the following variables were related to lower follow-up: Medicaid insurance (aRR 0.90 [95%CI, 0.80-1.00]), dialysis (aRR 0.86 [95%CI, 0.77-0.96]), depression (aRR 0.92 [95%CI, 0.86-0.98]), and discharged with opioids (aRR 0.94 [95%CI, 0.88-1.00]). When considering a hospital-level interaction, three of the 13 sites with the lowest percentage of Black patients had lower rates of early follow-up in Black patients (ranging from 15% to 55% reduced likelihood). Early follow-up visits were associated with a lower likelihood of ED returns for HF patients. Despite this potentially protective association, certain patient factors were associated with being less likely to receive scheduled follow-up visits. Hospitals with lower percentages of Black patients had lower rates of early follow-up for Black patients. Together, these may represent missed opportunities to intervene in high-risk groups to prevent ED returns in patients with HF.

Perceiving a Danger Within: Black Americans Associate Black Men With Physical Threat

Recent work suggests that good/bad out-group favoritism of Blacks for Whites may reflect positive associations with White rather than negative associations with Black. The Dual Implicit Process Model suggests that Blacks may come to associate their own group with threat, even absent a concurrent Black-negative association. This work tests this idea among Black Americans. Three studies tested this possibility using mouse-tracking (Study 1) and evaluative priming tasks (Studies 2 and 3) to assess how quickly participants make judgments involving Black versus White male faces and names. All studies found that that Black Americans hold automatic Black-threat associations absent automatic Black-negative associations. This supports the Dual Implicit Process Model’s threat versus negativity distinction within the realm of anti-Black bias and supplements recent work by showing that the presence of out-group favoritism on one dimension (i.e., threat) can occur even in the absence of out-group favoritism on a seemingly related dimension (i.e., negativity).

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Black Women’s Meaning and Experiences of Sexual Anxiety

ABSTRACT Sexual anxiety can activate the stress response cycle during sex, compromising a woman’s ability to experience sexual pleasure. Black women face additional cultural and contextual factors, such as hypersexualization, partner scarcity, and higher rates of sexual trauma that may increase the magnitude, frequency, and odds of experiencing sexual anxiety. However, limited research has explored this phenomenon among Black women. Thus, we sought to qualitatively explore how N = 25 premenopausal Black women living in the southern United States make meaning of experiences with sexual anxiety. We analyzed the interview data using an interpretive phenomenological approach. Three components of the phenomenon of sexual anxiety were gleaned: 1) causes of sexual anxiety, 2) characteristics of sexual anxiety, and 3) coping strategies. Each component included three to six elements of meaning making. For these Black women, causes of sexual anxiety included fears of sexual pain, partner unfamiliarity, previous traumas, mental health concerns, and intersecting socio-structural factors. Characteristics of sexual anxiety included mental, somatic, and emotional elements. Coping strategies included having a reassuring and supportive sex partner, supporting themselves with affirmations and mindfulness, attending therapy, and using substances. Through reflection about their perceived causes of, experienced characteristics of, and intentional coping with sexual anxiety, meanings were co-constructed through an intersectional frame. Implications for intersectionality-informed interventions and suggestions for mental health professionals and partners are discussed.

California poll seeks MH care equity for Black, Latina women

Aiming to uplift challenges that Black and Latina women face in accessing mental health care and their priorities for approaches to create greater equity in the provision of mental health care, a new report calls for key investments to be made by health care providers and universities to increase the number of women of color who enter mental health professions.

1659. Association of Rurality and Identifying as Black with Receipt of Specialty Care among Patients Hospitalized with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: a Medicare cohort study

Abstract Background Among those with diabetic foot ulcers, rural patients identifying as Black face at least 10% greater risk of major amputation or death compared to the US as a whole. As specialty care is associated with lower risk of major amputation, this difference could be driven by specialty care access. We hypothesize that rural patients and, particularly, rural patients identifying as Black, receive less inpatient specialty care compared to the overall cohort. Methods We built a cohort of all Medicare patients hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcers (2013–2014). Rurality was measured using Rural Urban Commuting Area codes. Race was categorized using the Research Triangle Institute algorithm. Specialty care was defined as receiving inpatient care from at least 1 of 6 relevant specialties to address diabetes, infection, biomechanics or vascular disease, per National Provider Taxonomy codes: endocrinology, infectious disease, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, podiatry, and vascular surgery. We reported observed differences in specialty care, overall and stratified by rurality, identifying as Black, and ulcer severity. Pearson X2 tests were performed on observed frequencies. Results Overall, 32.2% of the cohort received inpatient specialty care. This proportion decreased to 29.6% for rural patients (X2 = 36.2, p ≤ 0.001) and 26.2% for rural patients identifying as Black (X2 = 19.5, p ≤ 0.001). Among those with osteomyelitis, 54.3% of the cohort received specialty care, while only 49.5% of rural patients, 50.8% of patients identifying as Black, and 37.6% of rural patients identifying as Black received specialty care; the disparity for rural patients identifying as Black was greater than the sum of rural and racial disparities (4.8% for rural + 3.5% for Blacks = 8.3% versus a 16.7% observed difference for rural Blacks; Figure 1). Notably, only 2.7% of patients presenting with osteomyelitis were seen by an infectious disease specialist. This proportion decreased to 2.5% for rural patients. Observed Proportions of Patients Receiving Specialty Care Stratified by Rurality, Identifying as Black, and Ulcer Severity Conclusion A smaller proportion of rural patients received specialty care, and rural patients identifying as Black were half as likely to receive specialty care than the overall cohort. Improving specialty access for these high-risk patients may reduce disparities in major amputations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

Lived experiences of black women pursuing STEM in UK higher education

Black students and researchers in higher education (HE) face scarcity of relatable role models in STEM subjects. Black women are under-represented in STEM and their outlook is under-researched. We undertook this project to understand the perspectives and challenges of black women in STEM HE. This qualitative research identified themes from semi-structured interviews of self-identified black female students and academics in UK HE. Black women face challenges due to both sexism and racism in academia, and under-representation in STEM subjects leads to isolation. Role models, mentors and academic support networks can be a source of inspiration and facilitate career progression.

Thermoelectric properties of La7Mo7O30 sintered by reactive spark plasma sintering

In this work, spark plasma sintering of La2Mo2O9 powder was used to achieve dense ceramics of La7Mo7O30 and explore their thermoelectric properties. SPS sintering of La2Mo2O9 powder at 973 K for 10 min under 90 MPa leads to a bicoloured sample with white and black faces. XRD patterns of white and black faces are attributed to La2Mo2O9 and La7Mo7O30 phases, respectively. These experimental conditions allow observing the in-situ reduction of La2Mo2O9 during the SPS process. With a longer sintering time of 30 min, a ceramic of La7Mo7O30 is obtained. Its electrical conductivity exhibits a semiconducting behaviour and reaches a value of 1000 Sm-1 at 1000 K. The negative Seebeck coefficient show a n-type conduction in this phase. La7Mo7O30 exhibits a very low thermal conductivity, less than 1 Wm−1K−1 from room temperature up to 1000 K, similar to the values reported for La2Mo2O9. A figure of merit of 0.04 is reached at 1000 K.

The Trans Accountability Project: Community Engagement to Address Structural Marginalization and Health Inequities.

Black and Latina Transgender women face systemic marginalization and harm, increasing vulnerability to social stress and poor health outcomes. These communities have limited access to resources to mobilize and create paths toward health equity. In this paper we report on the results of a community partnership to engage Black and Latina transgender communities on the South and West Sides of Chicago and establish service priorities for collective empowerment. The Trans Accountability Project (TAP), a steering committee of racially diverse transgender and nonbinary representatives from four partner organizations, was established and led the design, recruitment, implementation, and analysis of a community needs assessment. World café and human-centered design methods, guided two community conversations/listening sessions around four activities: the perfect provider, my dream job, safety planning, and a stake-holder reflection. Sixty-three participants completed three activities and envisioned innovations for 1) accessible and holistic gender-affirming health care, 2) autonomous, flexible, and community-focused jobs in the arts, nonprofit/business, and care professions, and 3) safer social interactions and spaces. Ten stakeholders attended to listen and inform their organizational and clinical practices to empower Black and Latina transgender women. TAP prioritized accountability, connectedness, and centering the voices of Black and Latina transgender women as a starting point to intervene upon structural marginalization. Five insights emerged and have directed TAP's focus toward employment and collective care. Although further structural change remains a priority, TAP represents a mechanism for sharing power, improving communication and collaboration, and increasing transparency across relevant Chicago community-based organizations.

Nocoastjazz

Nocoastjazz

Double Jeopardy: Teacher Biases, Racialized Organizations, and the Production of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in School Discipline

Bridging research in social psychology with scholarship on racialized organizations, this article shows how individual bias and organizational demographic composition can operate together to shape the degree of discrimination in schools. To understand Black and Latino boys’ higher rates of discipline that persist net of differences in behavior, I combine an original video experiment involving 1,339 teachers in 295 U.S. schools with organizational data on school racial/ethnic and socioeconomic composition. In the experiment, teachers view and respond to a randomly assigned video of a White, Black, or Latino boy committing identical, routine classroom misbehavior. I find that, compared to White boys, Black and Latino boys face a double jeopardy. They experience both (1) individual-level teacher bias, where they are perceived as being more “blameworthy” and referred more readily for identical misbehavior, and (2) racialized organizational climates of heightened blaming, where students of all races/ethnicities are perceived as being more “blameworthy” for identical misbehavior in schools with large minority populations versus in predominantly White schools. This study develops a more comprehensive understanding of the production of racial/ethnic inequality in school discipline by empirically identifying a dual process that involves both individual teacher bias and heightened blaming that is related to minority organizational composition.

The pangs of a single mother in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s “Zikora”

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is sprawling the epic journey and emotional storms battered by women in her short story “Zikora”. The Nigerian-American author Adichie does not stick to the details of pregnancy and labour alone but she also an emphasis on single motherhood. This short story deals with the plight of women, maternal mortality, single motherhood, polygamy, societal expectations, and misinformation about the female body, pregnancy, and sexuality. Zikora, the protagonist is a 39-year-old successful lawyer whose boyfriend Kwame abandons her when he finds out she is pregnant. Zikora’s mother comes to help her through labour, and she reflects upon their relationship. Zikora is a thought-provoking story. It explores the unique challenges black mothers face in the U.S., as well as the difficulty of being a working mother.

Atakum Arkeoloji Araştırmaları: Kamaz Vadisi ve Çevresinin Tarih Öncesi

We identified many archaeological localities as a result of the intensive archaeological surveys in and around Kamaz Valley (Atakum/Samsun). We reached conclusions regarding prehistoric periods in Dombalaktepe, Gucuktepe, and Kümbettepe settlement mounds. The existence of original culture in the coastal part of the Samsun Region is one of the question marks in our research, and the dates when the settlement started and what kind of process it underwent was our other question. The response from a small number of settlement mounds and a limited number of surface finds has led us to ask new questions and discuss the available data with temporary suggestions. Accordingly, based on its current appearance, the area, which is not rich in raw materials, appears to be the land of a transhumance community, which prefers a farmer/gatherer lifestyle and makes livestock and hunting. A small number of chipped stone finds confirm this. Its potteries, on the other hand, are a little more complex; Dark Faced Burnished/Unburnished Ware, which includes red-black groups, makes up the dominant majority. White paint ornaments on black face ware, called "White-Painted Pottery", whose traditional origins and development we have seen in the Aegean and Western Anatolia, offer relatively more custom comparisons. Other than these, examples with chaff-face pottery and impressed pot base reflect traditions that refer to early times. Compared to Ware groups, vessel forms are harder to characterize. Yet we have indirect evidence to look for all this chronologically in the LC and beginning of EBA period.

A novel genetic-artificial neural network based age estimation system

Age estimation is the ability to predict the age of an individual based on facial clues. This could be put to practical use in underage voting detection, underage driving detection, and overage sportsmen detection. To date, no popular automatic age estimation system has been developed to target black faces. This study developed a novel age estimation system from the combination of a genetic algorithm and a back propagation (BP)-trained artificial neural network (ANN) and using the local binary pattern feature extraction technique (LBGANN) targeted at black faces. The system was trained with a predominantly black face database, and the result was compared against that of a standard ANN system (LBANN). The results showed that the developed system LBGANN outperformed the LBANN in terms of the correct classification rate.

Stereotypes shape response competition when forming impressions.

Dynamic models of impression formation posit that bottom-up factors (e.g., a target's facial features) and top-down factors (e.g., perceiver knowledge of stereotypes) continuously interact over time until a stable categorization or impression emerges. Most previous work on the dynamic resolution of judgments over time has focused on either categorization (e.g., "is this person male/female?") or specific trait impressions (e.g., "is this person trustworthy?"). In two mousetracking studies-exploratory (N = 226) and confirmatory (N = 300)-we test a domain-general effect of cultural stereotypes shaping the process underlying impressions of targets. We find that the trajectories of participants' mouse movements gravitate toward impressions congruent with their stereotype knowledge. For example, to the extent that a participant reports knowledge of a "Black men are less [trait]" stereotype, their mouse trajectory initially gravitates toward categorizing individual Black male faces as "less [trait]," regardless of their final judgment of the target.