Black, Indigenous, And People Of Color Research Articles

Vaccine Confidence in NYC: Thematic Analysis of Community Stories

The vaccine community has produced extensive evidence on vaccine hesitancy, but research to understand the factors that affect public trust in vaccines and vaccine confidence among Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) remains limited. To enrich extant literature, we present themes from 332 stories collected from predominantly BIPOC communities in New York City that explored motivators for vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stories were collected by trained community health workers from December 2021 to June 2022. The most frequently reported motivators to getting vaccinated against COVID-19 were related to preventing sickness and death from COVID-19 infection, for oneself and for others. Information from medical professionals, the news and social media, and community-based organizations contributed to decision-making about vaccines. Findings point to a strong sense of social solidarity, with the desire to protect and positively influence others, including friends, family, and the community at large, as salient motivators to vaccination. Accessible information through trusted messengers played a key role in decisions to get vaccinated. To better represent communities of color in literature, we call for more research on vaccine confidence and motivators for vaccination in BIPOC and other communities.

Feasibility and impact of a monoclonal antibody infusion program in reaching vulnerable underserved communities.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). Equitable access to therapeutics is key to addressing health disparities. We established a monoclonal infusion program in the emergency department of a safety-net hospital. Our program successfully reached underserved BIPOC communities and was sustained throughout the pandemic.

A content analysis on race in drama therapy empirical research

Drama therapy empirical research has the potential to support growth within the profession, but changes are still needed to address a lack of racially diverse perspectives represented in studies. A Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) research sub-committee of the North American Drama Therapy Association (NADTA) was formed and members took on the task of reading full-text available articles listed in the NADTA empirical references list (N= 123) with the aim of identifying representations of race within the research through a content analysis. Our team found limited examples of both author-identified race information and contextualized participant racial demographics. When race was presented, most often as descriptive statistics alone, contextual information about culture or other relevant supportive literature was often lacking. Further research and a more systematic critical review of existing drama therapy empirical studies are needed to formulate recommendations for addressing racial disparities within drama therapy research.

First-time testers in the GetaKit study: conceptualizing new paths to care for gbMSM.

When analyzing the data for Ontario, Canada, HIV rates continue to be highest among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). Since HIV diagnosis is a key component of HIV care, self-testing has provided options for allowing this population to access care, resulting in a significant number of first-time testers. Between 1 April 2021 and 31 January 2022, 882 gbMSM participants ordered an HIV self-test through GetaKit. Of these, 270 participants reported that they had never undergone HIV testing previously. Our data showed that first-time testers were generally younger, members of BIPOC (Black, Indigenous and people of color) communities and they reported more invalid test results than those who had tested previously. This suggests that HIV self-testing may be a more successful and appealing component of the HIV prevention armamentarium for this population, but one that is not without its shortcomings as an entry to care.

Utility of Osteoarthritis as an Indicator of Age in Human Skeletal Remains: Validating the Winburn and Stock (2019) Method

In forensic anthropology, and biological anthropology more broadly, age estimation is a crucial element of the biological profile. The development of osteoarthritis (OA) is correlated with age and, in 2019, Winburn and Stock published a method of estimating age in a sample of 408 white American individuals using OA presence/absence. The current study expanded the original study by testing its accuracy on a more diverse sample, including black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). This served to test whether embodied inequity from lived experiences may preclude the ability of the OA presence/absence method to estimate age at death. This study’s results demonstrated both that the original methodology was validated, and that the approach was accurate at estimating the age of death of BIPOC individuals. Furthermore, this study revealed that the hip and shoulder were highly consistent and reliable and are recommended for use as the strongest indicators of age at death, while the TMJ and ankle performed poorly and should not be used for age estimation.

Irreconcilable Loss in Cristina Henríquez’sThe World in Half

The intellectual journey is destined to have a geographical itinerary. — Édouard Glissant (4) Nearly a year after my mother’s death, a friend sent me an article titled “My Mother’s Death Isn’t Something I Survived. It’s Something I’m Still Living through.” Writing in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, Jenni Miller explains that grief is not linear and that the loss of her mother prepared her emotionally and mentally to survive the pandemic. Detailing nights with nothing to do except “lie sideways across [my] bed at 4 a.m. feeling desperately, bitterly lonely,” Miller suggests the value, if not inevitability, of dwelling in pain and discomfort. The exhortation to approach loss as complex and multifaceted should not be confused with the idea of loss as restorative or as one disconnected from other embodied experiences. As Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) scholars, activists, and public intellectuals point out, the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred alongside, and been exacerbated by, the ongoing pandemic of institutionalized racism in the United States and globally. BIPOC communities continue to confront COVID-19 alongside ongoing settler colonialism, state-backed xenophobia, and the disavowal of Black and brown dignity, whether that be on the US-Mexico border or the heavily policed streets of many US cities. At the same time, incidents such as the murder of George Floyd and the subsequent trial offered the opportunity to consider true accountability for some and was a call to “move on” for others.1 While Miller’s piece does not take up questions of racial justice, her accounting of her ongoing state of grief may resonate with individuals and communities confronting continuous loss. The ongoing twin pandemics of COVID-19 and institutionalized racism, moreover, make the idea of living with/in loss, and the differential impacts of race, gender, and nationality, particularly relevant. This exhortation to remain attuned to loss as an ongoing, potentially unresolvable process is central to Cristina Henríquez’s 2009 novel The World in Half. The COVID-19 pandemic has driven home the interrelatedness of personal and public grief, public health, and racial and economic disparities; so, too, does Henríquez’s novel offer a necessary meditation on the social and political origins and ramifications of intimate loss.

Media use and the development of racial attitudes among U.S. youth

AbstractBecause media provide a steady stream of models, they are especially poised to offer formative information about race. Yet although U.S. youth consume approximately 7 h of media daily, we know little about how media use contributes to their developing racial attitudes. Instead, research has focused mainly on adults, and studies of youth have developed along separate tracks for youth who are White and BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and people of color). In this article, we first analyze the lack of attention to media effects on the development of racial attitudes, despite their assumed prominence as socializers. Then we summarize research on youth of color and White youth. We conclude with suggestions for building a comprehensive research agenda, including addressing gaps in the associations tested, considering more nuanced assessments of race and media, and integrating approaches across fields.

At the intersection of trust and mistrust: A qualitative analysis of motivators and barriers to research participation at a safety-net hospital.

The underrepresentation of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) individuals in healthcare research limits generalizability and contributes to healthcare inequities. Existing barriers and attitudes toward research participation must be addressed to increase the representation of safety net and other underserved populations. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with patients at an urban safety net hospital, focusing on facilitators, barriers, motivators, and preferences for research participation. We conducted direct content analysis guided by an implementation framework and used rapid analysis methods to generate final themes. We completed 38 interviews and identified six major themes related to preferences for engagement in research participation: (1) wide variation in research recruitment preferences; (2) logistical complexity negatively impacts willingness to participate; (3) risk contributes to hesitation toward research participation; (4) personal/community benefit, interest in study topic, and compensation serve as motivators for research participation; (5) continued participation despite reported shortcomings of informed consent process; and (6) mistrust could be overcome by relationship or credibility of information sources. Despite barriers to participation in research studies among safety-net populations, there are also facilitators that can be implemented to increase knowledge and comprehension, ease of participation, and willingness to join research studies. Study teams should vary recruitment and participation methods to ensure equal access to research opportunities. Our analysis methods and study progress were presented to individuals within the Boston Medical Center healthcare system. Through this process community engagement specialists, clinical experts, research directors, and others with significant experience working with safety-net populations supported data interpretation and provided recommendations for action following the dissemination of data.

Insurance Authorization and Access to Proton Therapy for Patients With Head and Neck Cancers

We evaluated our institutional experience to assess potential racial inequities in insurance coverage for proton therapy in patients with head and neck (HN) cancer. We examined the demographics of 1519 patients with HN cancer seen in consultation at our HN multidisciplinary clinic (HN MDC) and 805 patients for whom a proton insurance authorization was sought (PAS) from January 2020 to June 2022. The prospects for proton therapy insurance authorization were prospectively noted based on each patient's ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) diagnosis code and their specific insurance plan. Proton-unfavorable (PU) insurance were those plans whose policy describes proton beam therapy as "experimental" or "not medically necessary" for the given diagnosis. For patients seen in our HN MDC, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) were significantly more likely to have PU insurance than non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients (24.9% vs 18.4%, P=.005). In multivariable analysis including race, average income of residence ZIP code, and Medicare eligibility age, BIPOC patients had an odds ratio of 1.25 for PU insurance (P=.041). In the PAS cohort, while there was no difference in the percentage of patients receiving insurance approval for proton therapy between NHW and BIPOC populations (88% vs 88.2%, P=.80), for patients with PU insurance, the median time to determination was significantly longer (median, 15.5 days), and the median time to start any radiation of any modality was longer (46 vs 35 days, P=.08). Compared with NHW patients, the median time from consultation to start of radiation therapy was longer for BIPOC patients (37 vs 43 days, P=.01). BIPOC patients were significantly more likely to have insurance plans unfavorable to proton therapy coverage. These PU insurance plans were associated with a longer median time to determination, a lower approval rate for proton therapy, and a longer time to start radiation of any modality.

Online Conversations for Equity, Action, and Networking: A Pilot Project Highlighting Diversity in the Ocean Sciences

AbstractThe onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement urged institutions to redress shortcomings in their diversity, equity, and inclusion goals and initiatives. The School for the Environment (SFE) at the University of Massachusetts Boston (UMass Boston), a public research minority serving university in the United States of America, responded to this call through launching the Online Conversations for Equity, Action, and Networking (OCEAN) program. This pilot project funded by Woods Hole Sea Grant aimed to amplify the voices of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) in the marine sciences. A collective of SFE undergraduate and graduate students hosted virtual department seminars, undergraduate meet and greets, and podcast interviews for invited BIPOC speakers. Pre‐ and post‐surveys were developed to evaluate the efficacy and reach of the OCEAN programming and the results indicate that the program had an overall positive effect on the UMass Boston community. Ultimately, the OCEAN program provides an example for launching and evaluating virtual BIPOC science engagement and outreach initiatives.

#InclusiveDietetics

The nutrition and dietetics profession is neither diverse nor inclusive of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), yet to achieve racial/ethnic diversity, equity, and inclusion (R-DEI), nutrition professionals (educators, preceptors, and professionals) need to understand and care about related issues. However, both a space and curriculum to educate professionals about R-DEI are lacking. Our aim was to understand how knowledge, actions, identity, and experiences are related to beliefs about R-DEI among nutrition professionals. We developed a 20-week curriculum about R-DEI topics using the Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) and Critical Race Theory. It was delivered in #InclusiveDietetics, a Facebook group, between January and August 2020. Pre- and post-intervention surveys were used to understand participants’ identities, experiences, knowledge, beliefs, actions, and opinions and analyzed using logistical regression, t-tests, and descriptive statistics. Knowledge (p<.05), experiences with racism (p<.01), and being a former Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics member (p<.05) were positively correlated with participants’ beliefs about R-DEI in dietetics (that is, more highly valued R-DEI) while actions were negatively correlated (p<.001). Significant increases in knowledge (p<.01) and beliefs aligned with R-DEI values (p<.01) were observed following the intervention, driven by increases in white participants. A significant increase in opinions aligned with R-DEI values was observed among BIPOC (p<.01), but not white participants following the intervention. The importance of a space for professionals to examine R-DEI is critical to achieve professional equity and the #InclusiveDietetics curriculum may be an effective tool to better align nutrition professionals with R-DEI values.

Preliminary Program Guide: Sunday, May 21, 2023

Preliminary Program Guide: Sunday, May 21, 2023

Radical healing in psychotherapy: Addressing the wounds of racism-related stress and trauma.

There is a large body of research on the importance of addressing culture in psychotherapy. However, less is known about providing critically conscious and racially affirmative therapy for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) clients in the context of ongoing systemic racism and racism-related stress and trauma, especially in the sociopolitical context of the United States. This article introduces and illustrates the Keeping Radical Healing in Mind Therapeutic Approach using a sample therapy session. To contextualize the therapeutic approach, we outline the need for antiracist and liberatory approaches to psychotherapy and describe in detail the Psychology of Radical Healing theoretical framework. The clinical stance that underpins the Keeping Radical Healing in Mind Therapeutic Approach includes helping clients develop, internalize, and nurture (a) Critical Consciousness, (b) Cultural Authenticity and Self-Knowledge, (c) Radical Hope and Envisioning Possibilities, (d) Collectivism, and (e) Strength and Resistance. To better meet the needs of BIPOC clients, the stance requires clinicians to develop their critical consciousness of systemic racism and interlocking forms of oppression. The clinical case of "Brenda," a Black woman experiencing the effects of racism-related stress while raising a young Black boy, is presented. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Structural Violence and Postpandemic Recovery: The Need for School Policies to Prevent Racism and Discrimination and Their Negative Effects on Health

Structural violence is a complex and longstanding problem in the United States. It consists of the harms caused by the perpetuation of inequalities resulting from prevailing social, political, and economic structures (Galtung, 1969). It is often invisible, disembodied, and experienced daily by marginalized groups such as individuals from low-income and Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) communities (Farmer et al., 2006). Addressing structural violence requires bold, broad approaches, a shift beyond single-track, individualistic approaches that ignore prevailing sociopolitical and economic conditions (Mendenhall et al., 2017). Schools produce, entrench, and perpetuate structural violence and inequalities across a young person’s life span. Unjust and inequitable educational policies privileging White students (e.g., residential redlining, school segregation, and disciplinary practices) can result in low-income and BIPOC students’ decreased engagement in schools, lower academic performance, disproportionate experience with the carceral state, and poor health outcomes (Rocque & Paternoster, 2011). Urgent attention and action are needed to interrupt and curb the impact of structural violence on our youth.

Exploring COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes among Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Communities: Community Partners' and Residents' Perspectives.

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities, yet rates of COVID-19 vaccination remain low among these groups. A qualitative study was undertaken to better understand the factors contributing to low vaccine acceptance among these communities. Seventeen focus groups were conducted in English and Spanish from 8/21 to 9/22, with representatives from five critical community sectors: (1) public health departments (n = 1); (2) Federally Qualified Health Centers (n = 2); (3) community-based organizations (n = 1); (4) faith-based organizations (n = 2); and (5) BIPOC residents in six high-risk, underserved communities in metropolitan Houston (n = 11), for a total of 79 participants, comprising 22 community partners and 57 community residents. A social-ecological model and anti-racism framework were adopted to guide data analysis using thematic analysis and constant comparison, which yielded five key themes: (1) legacy of structural racism: distrust and threat; (2) media misinformation: mass and social; (3) listening and adapting to community needs; (4) evolving attitudes towards vaccination; and (5) understanding alternative health belief systems. Although structural racism was a key driver of vaccine uptake, a notable finding indicated community residents' vaccine attitudes can be changed once they are confident of the protective benefits of vaccination. Study recommendations include adopting an explicitly anti-racist lens to: (1) listen to community members' needs and concerns, acknowledge their justified institutional distrust concerning vaccines, and learn community members' healthcare priorities to inform initiatives built on local data; (2) address misinformation via culturally informed, consistent messaging tailored to communal concerns and delivered by trusted local leaders through multimodal community forums; (3) take vaccines to where people live through pop-up clinics, churches, and community centers for distribution via trusted community members, with educational campaigns tailored to the needs of distinct communities; (4) establish vaccine equity task forces to continue developing sustainable policies, structures, programs and practices to address the structural issues driving vaccine and health inequities within BIPOC communities; and (5) continue investing in an effective infrastructure for healthcare education and delivery, essential for competently responding to the ongoing healthcare and other emergency crises that impact BIPOC communities to achieve racial justice and health equity in the US. Findings underscore the crucial need to provide culturally tailored health education and vaccination initiatives, focused on cultural humility, bidirectionality, and mutual respect to support vaccine re-evaluation.

Flames of transformation: Igniting better mental and physical health for racialized and gendered North Americans.

COVID-19 is catalyzing both crises and opportunities for communities of color. The crisis of high mental and physical morbidities and mortalities exposes persistent inequities while providing opportunities to celebrate the power of rejuvenated anti-racism movements, fueled partly in response to the extremism of ultra-conservative governments, the circumstances to reflect deeply on racism because of forced stay-at-home-orders, and digital technologies primarily driven by youth. In marking this historical moment of longstanding anti-racism and decolonial struggles, I assert the importance of foregrounding women's needs. In analyzing racism, rooted in colonialism and white supremacy, and its impacts on mental and physical health status, I focus on improving racialized women's lives within the larger context, concentrating on the determinants of health. I contend that fanning the flames to scathe the racist and sexist foundations of North American society will break new ground for sharing wealth, bolstering solidarity and sisterhood, and ultimately improving Black, Indigenous, and Women of Color (BIWOC) health. Canadian BIWOC earn approximately 59 cents to the dollar earned by non-racialized men, creating vulnerabilities to economic downturns, such as the one Canada is currently in. BIWOC care aides, at the bottom of the healthcare hierarchy, are emblematic of other Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), who face risks of frontline work, low wages, poor job security, unpaid sick days and so forth. To that end, policy recommendations include employment equity initiatives that hire groups of racialized women who consciously express solidarity with each other. Cultural shifts within institutions will be key to providing safe environments. Improving food security, internet access and BIWOC-related data collection linked to community-based programming while prioritizing research on BIWOC will go a long way toward improving BIWOC health. Addressing racism and sexism within the healthcare system, aiming for equitable diagnostic and treatment foci, will require transformative efforts including determined leadership and buy-in from all levels of staff, long-term training and evaluation programs, audited by BIPOC communities.

The influence of race on jurors' perceptions of lethal police use of force.

Many highly publicized police use-of-force encounters have recently occurred in the United States. This project primarily explored whether officer, juror, or victim race affects verdicts in trials involving police use of force. Because of recent conflicting research surrounding race and juror decision-making, we conducted an exploratory analysis on the interactive effects of juror, victim, and defendant race. We hypothesized that mock jurors with favorable perceptions of police legitimacy would be less likely to convict an officer charged with manslaughter. Four hundred sixteen (243 women, 170 men, three another gender; 263 White, 50 Asian, 44 Black, 41 Latine, four Native American, 14 another race/ethnicity) jury-eligible community members read a trial transcript involving a police officer charged with manslaughter, in which we manipulated victim and defendant race (Black, White), then rendered a verdict and answered a questionnaire. We found significant effects of police legitimacy and defendant race on verdicts. The main effect was qualified by an interaction between juror race/ethnicity and defendant race. Simple-slope analyses revealed no effect of defendant race for White mock jurors. In comparison, Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) mock jurors were significantly more likely to convict a White than a Black defendant. We also observed significant effects of police legitimacy, defendant race, and victim race on perceptions of the officer's use of force. Our analyses revealed that mock jurors were significantly more punitive when the defendant was White compared with Black, and they perceived the officer's use of force as significantly more excessive when the officer was White or the victim was Black. These effects appear to be driven primarily by BIPOC jurors. Mock jurors with more favorable perceptions of police legitimacy were significantly less likely to convict the officer and viewed his use of force as less excessive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The O-SEA approach: A model to increase local impact in response to national co-occurring trauma.

The presence of the COVID-19 and racism pandemics underscored the need for a basic model of advocacy for psychologists and budding psychologists. We offer a new model of action to be easily replicated, particularly during times of crisis, with aims to impact change locally and beyond the therapeutic space. The D.C. Psychological Association (DCPA) actively responded to the double pandemics of COVID-19. Using a posthoc qualitative analysis four steps were identified: organizing, providing support and education, and engaging in advocacy (O-SEA Approach), which all centered the specific skill set of psychologists and psychologists-in-training. Measures of success included the following: increased membership and engagement of members, development of relevant programming to providers and the community, community attendance of events, statements indicating knowledge gained by providers, new connections with local organizations and officials, and local legislative change. The O-SEA Approach provides a framework for local advocacy that can empower psychologists to contribute their expertise in tangible and impactful ways. This model seeks justice for all people through elevating the voices of the unjustly marginalized, providing support and education to mental health providers and the community, and advocating for policy that is grounded in culturally relevant research. The O-SEA Approach can be successful in these aspirations and be applied in communities across the nation. Clinical Impact Statement: The permanence of racism in the United States is evident throughout history when examining America's social, economic, and political systems. Racism's reverberations are present locally, in the nation's capital, through its policing techniques and gentrification, among other insidious manifestations. COVID-19's global impact has been reported to have particularly deleterious effects on Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) through impacting housing, food, and income security while simultaneously underscoring the lack of access to health resources. This demanded a response by mental health professionals. Consequently, the D.C. Psychological Association made efforts to organize, support, educate, and advocate for the local community through what is called the O-SEA Approach. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Racial, ethnic, and sex differences in psychiatric diagnosis, mental health sequelae, and VHA service utilization among justice-involved veterans.

Intervening in the cycle of symptom exacerbation and recidivism among justice-involved veterans is critical given elevated rates of psychiatric diagnoses and mental health sequelae. To responsively and effectively address justice-involved veterans' needs, it is essential to examine distinct groups who are at heightened risk (e.g., marginalized communities). Although racial and ethnic disparities within the justice system are well established, veteran-focused research remains limited. We hypothesized that significant differences exist in service utilization, psychiatric diagnoses, and mental health sequelae among Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) and White/non-Hispanic justice-involved veterans, for both male and female cohorts. We examined a national data set of veterans accessing U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) justice-related services (i.e., justice-involved veterans) between 2005 and 2018 (N = 183,880; nBIPOC = 73,863, nWhite = 110,017) to elucidate racial and ethnic differences across clinical characteristics documented in the VA electronic medical record. Using linear and logistic analyses, we analyzed male (n = 173,487) and female (n = 10,393) justice-involved veterans separately to capture intersectionality. In general, BIPOC justice-involved veterans were more likely than White/non-Hispanic justice-involved veterans to be diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and to use homeless services, p < .001. They were less likely to be diagnosed with mood, anxiety, personality, and opioid use disorders, p < .01. Separate examinations of Black and Hispanic justice-involved veterans, compared with their White/non-Hispanic counterparts, demonstrated some divergent trends (e.g., frequency of use of Veterans Health Administration [VHA] services). Our findings also revealed nuanced sex-related differences in terms of service use and diagnoses. Descriptive characteristics for each racial and ethnic category are reported. These findings provide support for race and ethnicity as a key social factor of health associated with distinct psychiatric diagnoses and mental health sequelae among justice-involved veterans. We discuss practice and policy implications, including how to adapt existing VHA programming and practices to meet the needs of BIPOC justice-involved veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Faith in Action? Exploring the Relationship between Public and Private Religiosity, Race, and Social Justice among Christian College Students

Awareness of social justice issues and their perceived importance varies significantly across many demographic variables including racial and religious identities. Less is known, however, about how the centrality of one’s own religiosity is associated with social justice attitudes and actions. This study explored the relationship between dimensions of religiosity and social justice importance and actions for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) and non-Hispanic White students. Christian college students ( N = 168) completed measures of public and private religiosity, the perceived connection between faith and social justice, as well as personal attitudes and actions pertaining to issues of social justice. The results demonstrated positive associations between religiosity and the extent to which faith was believed to inform social justice attitudes for BIPOC and White students. Despite the perception that religiosity informed one’s social justice attitudes and actions, religiosity was only positively associated with actual social justice engagement for BIPOC students. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses demonstrated that public religiosity was the best predictor of beliefs that one’s religion motivated activities related to social justice work, but private religiosity was the strongest predictor of actual social justice engagement. These findings underscore a prominent disconnect in the extent to which religiosity is believed to be, and is actually, associated with social justice attitudes and actions.