Black Bug Research Articles

Rice black bug (Scotinophara sp.) status and ecological pest management practices in rice

Rice black bug (Scotinophara sp.) status and ecological pest management practices in rice

Development and Evaluation of a High-Efficacy Solar-Powered Light Trap for Rice Black Bug (Scotinophara Coartata) Management

Rice black bugs (RBB) are a major pest causing significant yield losses in rice farms. This study investigates a novel solar-powered light trap for RBB control. The trap utilizes LEDs with different color temperatures (warm white and daylight) and incorporates an auto-response system for efficient operation. Performance evaluation over three months revealed the highest efficacy for the 50-watt warm white LED bulb (948 grams captured), followed by the daylight bulb (724 grams). However, the study found no significant difference between developing light traps with warm white and daylight LED in capturing RBBs. The trap's functionality was excellent, with low maintenance requirements. These findings suggest that the solar-powered light trap with warm white LEDs offers a promising, sustainable solution for RBB management in rice production.

Efficacy of Newer Insecticide Molecules for the Management of Emerging Pests of Rice in the Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu, India

Seven treatments including 5 insecticides, Azadirachtin and untreated control were evaluated in field conditions against emerging pests of Rice viz., Rice hispa, Dicladispa armigera, (Oliver), (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera), Whorl maggot, Hydrellia sasakii Yuasa and Isitani (Diptera: Ephydridae) and Rice black bug, Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister),(Pentatomidae: Hemiptera) during 2019 and 2020 at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai. All the tested newer insecticide molecules were effective against the above-mentioned emerging pests of Rice. Two sprays of Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 150ml/ha at 35 and 75 days after transplanting (DAT) has reduced the highest reduction of hispa, whorl maggot and black bug (91.80, 92.25, 84.51 percent reduction over control) followed by Clothianidin 50 WDG @ 40g/ha (88.46, 89.60 and 83.39 percent reduction over control). Higher yield was recorded from Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (6075 kg/ha) treated plots followed by Clothianidin 50 WDG @ 40g/ha (5950 kg/ha). Cost-benefit analysis showed that Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 150ml/ha spray was the most viable treatment by recording the highest cost-benefit ratio of 1: 3.17. Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 150ml/ha recorded more number of spiders and coccinellids (1.51 and 1.75 no./plant) followed by Carbosulfan 25% EC @ 1000ml/ ha (1.40 and 1.75 no./plant) which was on par with control (2.98 and 2.88 no./plant).

Galium concinnum (Rubiaceae), Host Plant of Corimelaena harti (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thyreocoridae) in Ohio

The black bug species Corimelaena harti (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thyreocoridae) was described over 100 years ago, yet practically no ecological information is known about the species. We newly report Galium concinnum (shining bedstraw) as a confirmed host plant and “mountain mint” as a second possible host plant. Further, we report this black bug species as a new state record for Ohio.

Entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana as an environmentally friendly alternative for control of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and rice black bug (Scotinophara coarctata)

Pest was one of the limiting factors for rice production including the presence of brown plant hopper (BP) and Rice Black Bug (RBB). The use of entomopathogen fungi such as Beauveria bassiana to control these pests has been reported to be quite effective and has other advantages, namely being friendly to the environment. This study aims to determine the potential of Beauveria bassiana in controlling BP and RBB. The research was conducted in January-July 2018 in Pulo Kencana Village, Pontang District, Serang Regency, Banten Province on irrigated rice fields. The environmental design used was a split plot design with Beauveria bassiana application treatment, chemical control based on pest populations with 50% active ingredient propoxur and farmer control technology (pesticide mixture intervals). Each treatment consisted of 2 varieties Mekongga and Inpari 33, with 6 replications. The test of farmers’ preferences for Beauveria bassiana application technology was carried out on 30 respondents and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the population of BP and RBB was generally lower in the existing chemical treatment of farmers. The pest preference was lower in Inpari 33 variety. Furthermore, the production in the Beauveria bassiana application was 12.06-24.48% lower than the existing and controlled chemical control of farmers. Meanwhile, farmers’ preference for Beauveria bassiana application is 31.93% and chemical control is 40.76%.

Establishing a Method for Rearing the Rice Black Bug Scotinophara lurida with Wheat Seedlings

Establishing a Method for Rearing the Rice Black Bug <i>Scotinophara lurida</i> with Wheat Seedlings

IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING ON THE TYPE AND POPULATION OF PESTS, NATURAL ENEMIES, AND YIELDS OF THE RICE

Impact of ecological engineering on the type and population of pests, natural enemies, and yields of the rice. This study was performed to investigate the impact of the ecological engineering in the rice field on the crop damage caused by yellow stem borer, including it’s type and population as well as its natural enemies and the yields of the rice. The study was conducted in farmer’s fields in Subang District in the dry and the wet seasons. The research was arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. The observation was conducted on the crop damage caused by yellow stem borer, the type and the population of pests insect, its predator, and parasitoid as well as yields of the rice. The planting of flowering plants and crops showed inconsistent effect on the population of brown planthoppers, white-backed planthoppers, and rice black bug. Moreover, it also not significantly impact the yellow stem borer. The planting of flowering plants and crops did not affect the rice yields. The parasitization level of the parasitoid was in ranged of 47.32–50.47% (dry season) and 36.37–53.92% (wet season). The neutral insect population was dominant at the beginning of planting (11–1743), meanwhile at the maximum tillering until the harvest was dominated by predators (9.33–131.33). The parasitoids were relatively contrasted on each stage of the rice plant.

Evaluating the toxicity potential of some insecticides against sugarcane black bug, Cavelerius excavatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

A study was conducted on the toxicity potential of six insecticides (Lesenta 80% WG, Trunk 20% SC, Karate 2.5 EC, Route 57 EC, Refree 5% SC and Thimet 5G) against the sugarcane black bug (C. excavatus) at two different locations in tehsil Kot Addu District Muzaffargarh, Pakistan. Seven treatments including control with three replications were maintained following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatments were applied at their recommended doses and mortality data were recorded before and after 24 followed by 48, 72 and 168 hours of application. The results revealed that all the insecticides significantly suppressed the target pest population compared to control. Route 57 EC (Malathion) was revealed as most effective insecticide due to causing highest mortality in both locations 84.29% and 84.44% followed by Trunk 20 % SC (Clothinadion) with 80.03% and 79.88% mortality of the target pest after 168 hours of application. Whereas Karate 2.5 EC (Lambda cyhalothrin) was evaluated as least effective with 51.95% and 52.97% mortality at both locations, respectively. Our results suggest that Route 57 EC (Malathion) @ 500 ml per acre is effective against sugarcane black bug and can be used for the chemical management of this pest. Keyword: Black bug; Efficacy; Insecticides; Malathion; Sugarcane http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90180

Molecular identification of sugarcane black bug (Cavelarius excavates) from Pakistan using cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene as DNA barcode

Sugarcane is one of the major cash crop whose low productivity is due to low nutrients supply and insect pest attacks. The nutrient requirement may be fulfilled by increasing the amount of fertilizer supplements but pest attack is difficult to control through poisonous chemicals due to their harmful effects on plant growth as well as human health. Recently, sugarcane black bug (Cavelarius excavates) was reported to attack sugarcane crop in Pakistan which caused plethora of damages to the crop yield. To control the insect pest, first step is to identify the enemy insect precisely. Therefore, a DNA barcode based study was required for the correct identification of bug species. DNA barcoding is one of the most powerful and sophisticated tools for identifying insects where sequence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) is used as DNA marker. Sugarcane black bug was sampled and its genomic DNA was subject to PCR for amplification of COI gene. Sanger sequencing of targeted gene was done commercially from Macrogen (South Korea). Sequence analysis revealed that our sequence was first DNA barcode sequence of sugarcane black bug (Cavelarius excavates) in the databases. This study will help us to open more ways to understand and controlling sugarcane black bug.

Sustainable management approach for sucking pests control in betel leaf of Bangladesh

BackgroundBetel leaf is the oldest and now highly paid farmer’s crop, but the most vulnerable to insect pests, leading to massive yield drops in Bangladesh. For this reason, the experiment was carried out at the Spices Research Centre, Bangladesh, during the period of January 2018 to December 2018 and to assess the effectiveness of the different bio-rational approach against the betel leaf sucking pests. In this study, BARI Paan-3 was used as a test crop. Studies were important that sucking insect pests to include red mite population (black fly, white fly, red mite and mealy bug) has been found actively around the year in Bangladesh.ResultsStudies have shown that sucking insect population (black fly, white fly, red mite and mealy bug) has been found actively year round, whereas the maximum (22.7, 17.2, 16.1, and 14 adult/vine) and minimum (3.2, 2.8, 2.6, and 1.5 adult/vine) were recorded during the month of October and January, respectively. The results explored that the significant variations and the R2 value suggested that biotic factor contributes 57.9, 50.9, 51.3, and 53.7% variations in black fly, white fly, red spider mite, and mealy bug population. Among approaches, the highest mortality rate (80.56, 84.73, 82.44, and 90.96%) of black fly, white fly, red mite, and mealy bug over untreated control with maximum vine yield (18.61 t/ha) is recorded from sanitation + three alternate spraying of fizimite and antario.ConclusionsIt had concluded that sanitation of betel leaf garden along with three alternate spraying of fizimite (sodium lauryl ether) at 1 ml/l and antario WP (Bt + abamectin 0.1%) at 0.5 g/l recommended for an effective management of the betel vine sucking pest complex.

Assessment of Effectiveness of the Imidacloprid and Azadirachtin on the Black Watermelon Bug

Assessment of Effectiveness of the Imidacloprid and Azadirachtin on the Black Watermelon Bug

Detection of fungi from rice black bug Paraeucosmetus pallicornis Dallas (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) and inhibition with crude extract of Calatropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae)

Rice black bug (P. palicornis) is one of the pests that attack the rice plants in the generative phase that causes the rice easily destroyed when milled and tasted bitter after cooking hence reduces the quality and quantity of rice. The bitter taste in rice may be due to the fungus associated with rice black bug. The aimed of this research was to detect the associated fungi with rice black bug P. pallicornis using some sterilization methods and inhibition with of leaf crude extract of C. gigatea. Detection of fungi from P. pallicornis was conducted using three sterilization methods and control (without sterilization) namely: (1) sterilization with aquades + alcohol 70% (5, 10, 15 and 20 times dipping) + aquades; (2) aquades + alcohol 70% (10 and 20 times dipping); (3) Aquades + alcohol 90 %+ NaCl 0.5 % +alcohol 90 % + aquades. Inhibition of fungi from P. pallicornis with crude extract of C. gigantea obtained by maceration method and then made some concentration to see the effect of its inhibition on the fungi associated with the P. pallicornis. The results showed that without sterilization, four microbe were obtained: Gliocladium sp., Aspergillus sp., black hyphae fungus and white hyphae fungus, sterilization method of Aquades + alcohol 70% with 5 times dipping in alcohol obtained Gliocladium sp., 10 and 20 times dipping found Aspergillus sp. and Gliocladium sp and 15 times dipping found Aspergillus sp. Sterilization with 10 and 20 times dipping in alcohol 70% then washing 2 times with aquades found Gliogladium sp. and Aspergillus sp. Sterilization with Aquades + alcohol 90 % + NaCl 0.5% + alcohol 90% + aquades found Gliocladium sp. Crude extract of C. gigantea had the potential to inhibit fungi Aspergillus sp. and Gliocladium sp. from rice black bug.

Quantitative Description of the Hindwings of the Different Populations of the Rice Black Bug Scotinophara Coarctata using Landmark-based Geometric Morphometrics

Due to pest outbreaks, rice production has been decreasing all these years. The rice black bug (RBB), Scotinophara coarctata has recently been considered to be a major problem of rice producing regions in the Philippines especially in Mindanao. Since there were observations that the patterns of infestations of rice plants vary between ricefields in different geographical areas, it was hypothesized that populations of the pest vary. To be able to understand these differences observed, morphological shape variations of hindwings in RBB were quantified and determined using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Results revealed within population variations due to sexual dimorphism. Significant differences between non-outbreak and outbreak populations and between geographically different populations were also observed although the differences were not based on distances between populations. The results indicate that the differences could be attributed to the distinctness of each of the populations examined and could be due to selection of selected genotypes that are able to survive on the rice genotypes planted on the different rice fields. The study also shows that quantitative analysis of populations through geometric morphometric analysis of shape variations is helpful in understanding the nature of variability among populations.

Extraction of chitin from six different insect species as alternative source for biological applications

Chitosan, the most dominant and abundant polymer in scientific researches with its wide range biopharmaceutical and biomedical applications is now extracted from different interesting resources in large and valuable quantities. Six different groups of insects were used in this study. These were Ground dark beetle, Solitary (Carpenter) bee, Damsel fly, Earwig, Black bug and Egyptian grasshopper. These insect species showed easy capturing and preparation through deproteinization, demineralization and dehydration. By using Infrared spectrophotometry technology and calculating the degree of deacetylation, the potential effect of these insects can be insured as alternative source for chitin extraction and chitosan industrial applications.

Population development of rice black bug, Scotinophara latiuscula (Breddin), under varying nitrogen in a field experiment

Population development of rice black bug, Scotinophara latiuscula (Breddin), under varying nitrogen in a field experiment

PREFERENSI HAMA KEPINDING TANAH (Scotinophara coartata F) PADA BEBERAPA VARIETAS TANAMAN PADI SAWAH

ABSTRACT Rice Black Bug (Scotinophara coartata F) is one of the most important pests that attack rice crops and has caused major losses. The purpose of this study is to determine the Rice Black Bug preferences in some varieties of rice crops. This research was conducted in Modomang Village, East Dumoga Subdistrict of Bolaang Mongondow Regency from November 2016 - February 2017. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments, namely several varieties of rice field cultivation (Ciherang, Cigeulis, Membramo, Pertiwi and Serayu).Based on the results of this study showed that the population of S. coartata pest with the largest average in Serayu varieties of 6 tails, followed by Membramo 3.75 tail, 3.5 Pertiwi, 3.5 Cigeulis and the lowest Ciherang with an average of 3.25 tailKeywords: preferences, rice black bug pest, varieties plants rice

The Black Bug Myth: Selective photodestruction of pigmented pathogens.

It is commonly believed that pigmented pathogens are selectively targeted by dental lasers. To test this notion optical diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) was used to obtain absorption spectra for the periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi). Spectra from 400 to 1,100 nm wavelengths of Pg colonies cultured with different concentrations of hemin were obtained to test the hypothesis that "visual pigmentation" predicts absorption of near-infrared (IR) dental laser energy. Ablation threshold at 1,064 nm [1] was measured for the pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans (Ca). The hypothesis was demonstrated to be true at 810 nm, it was false at 1,064 nm. Diode laser (810 nm) efficacy and "depth of kill" is dependent on hemin availability from 400 to about 900 nm. Pg and Pi absorption at 1,064 nm (µa = 7.7 ± 2.6 cm(-1) ) is independent of hemin availability but is determined by another unknown chromophore. Ca is non-pigmented but very sensitive to 1,064 nm irradiation. The amount of visual pigmentation does not necessarily predict sensitivity to dental laser irradiation. Spectra in visible and near-IR wavelengths demonstrate a large difference in absorption between soft tissue and Pg or Pi. This difference represents a host/pathogen differential sensitivity to laser irradiation, the basis for selective photoantisepsis. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:706-714, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВРОДЖЕНИХ ВАД РОЗВИТКУ В ПІВДЕННОМУ РЕГІОНІ УКРАЇНИ.

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Seven Black Bug Species (Thyreocoridae) New for North Carolina, U.S.A.

The black bug (Thyreocoridae) holdings in the North Carolina State University Insect Collection were largely undocumented and potentially housed unreported species for the state. Because there were only six species reported for North Caro lina (Henry and Froeschner, 1988), it was likely that additional records would be discovered. We identified the adult specimens in the collection to species and made augmentative field collections in 2013. We herein report the following seven species, in two genera, as state records for North Carolina: Cori mel aena agrella, Corimelaena obscura, Corimelaena pulicaria, Galgupha aterrima, Gal gup ha carinata, Galgupha denudata, and Galgupha loboprostethia. All 7 species are known from the eastern U.S. and were probable for the state. Specimens cited in this publication were entered into the Planetary Bio di versity Inventory (PBI) of the Plant Bugs database of the American Museum of Natural History. Lists of specimens examined were edited from reports generated from the PBI database. Collection data for all specimens are given in the following format: County, locality data (if recorded on label), coordinates if present on label or able to be determined, collection date, collector (if known), host (if known), number of specimens, and sex. McPherson (1982) and McAtee and Malloch (1933) were used as taxonomic references. Blatchley (1926), Henry and Froeschner (1988), and McPherson (1982) were used as species distribution references.

Influence of weather parameters on the population dynamics of black bug, (Cavelerius sweetiSlater &amp; Mugomoto) in sugarcane in Haryana, India

In autumn planted, sugarcane, (Saccharum officinarum) crop the correlation coefficient showed non significant but positive trend with minimum and maximum temperature. The effect of minimum and maximum relative humidity with black bug population showed a negative correlation. In ratoon crop the highest black bug population 7.2/tiller was recorded during the 4th week of May at minimum temperature, maximum temperature, minimum relative humidity, maximum relative humidity, 22.9°C 40.9°C 32.0% 46.0% and 9.4 sun shine hours respectively. The Cavelerius sweeti population was significant and positively correlated with minimum and maximum temperature. While minimum and maximum relative humidity was correlated negatively the population of black bug but it was positively correlated with sun shine hours. The regression coefficient for minimum and maximum temperature, minimum and maximum relative humidity and sun shine hours were 0.361, -0.162, -0.054, 0.029 and -0.867 in autumn planted crop and 0.014, 0.610, –0.075, 0.644 and -0.989 in ratoon crop of sugarcane, respectively. The ratoon crop of sugarcane was more vulnerable to C. sweeti attack in comparison to autumn planted sugarcane crop. The weather factors viz., minimum and maximum temperate, minimum and maximum relative humidity and sun shine hours were 22.9°C, 40.9°C 32.0 per cent, 46.0 per cent and 9.4 respectively found optimum for the fast multiplication of the black bug population as well as infestation in ratoon crops.