Bismarck Brown Research Articles

Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Bismarck Brown using CaMoO4-MWCNT Composite

Photocatalytic degradation of bismarck brown has been studied using synthesized calcium molybdate-multiwalled carbon nanotube (CaMoO₄-MWCNT) composite. The prepared catalyst was characterized by FESEM, XRD, EDS, FT-IR and UV-visible techniques. This composite showed better photocatalytic activity as compared to pure CaMoO₄ and MWCNT. Different rate affecting parameters were studied and optimized as pH = 8.0; dye concentration = 2.0×10^-4M; amount of composite = 0.08 g; light intensity = 40.0 mWcm^-2. The rate constant for photocatalytic degradation of bismarck brown was observed as k = 1.87 × 10^-4 sec^-1.<div><br></div>

Batch and Fixed Bed Comparative Study on the Dye Bio-Sorption Properties of Cedrus Libani (Elizabeth Leaf) on Methylene Blue, Bismarck Brown Y and Indigo Dye

The adsorption properties of Cedrus libani (Elizabeth leaf) on methylene blue dye, Bismarck brown Y dye and indigo dye was studied using both the batch process and fixed bed methods. This was done in order to compare the effectiveness of each of the methods over each other in the adsorption process. The biomass was characterized using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR) before and after adsorption in order to determine the functional groups responsible for the adsorption. The amount of dye adsorbed per unit mass of the biomass (q e ) was calculated and found to be dependent on contact time, pH, biomass dose, biomass particle size, dye concentration, dissolved sodium and calcium salts and temperature. Optimal pH of 2 was determined for the adsorption of Bismarck brown Y dye and indigo dye while pH of 4 was determined for methylene blue dye. The q e value for the fixed bed adsorption was determined to be 12.98mg/g compared to the 11.28mg/g for the batch process using methylene blue dye. This indicates a better adsorption in the fixed bed technique over the batch process. However, the q e values fluctuated using the Bismarck brown Y and indigo dyes. Generally, the results show a better adsorption in the fixed bed technique over the batch process. Indigo dye was found to be the least adsorbed, while methylene blue dye was the most adsorbed. The adsorption pattern was fitted for Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.

Batch and Fixed Bed Comparative Study on the Bio-sorption Properties of Sphagnum Cymbifolium (Moss) on Methylene Blue Dye, Bismarck Brown Y Dye, and Indigo Dye

Batch and Fixed Bed Comparative Study on the Bio-sorption Properties of Sphagnum Cymbifolium (Moss) on Methylene Blue Dye, Bismarck Brown Y Dye, and Indigo Dye

Synthesis of ZnO nanospheres for water treatment through adsorption and photocatalytic degradation: Modelling and process optimization

Here, ZnO nanospheres preparation via simple hydrothermal method has been reported. The physicochemical properties of ZnO nanospheres have been analyzed extensively by using PXRD, SEM, TEM, and DRS techniques. The prepared ZnO nanospheres were utilized as an efficient adsorbent for Bismarck brown (BBR) dye, in batch mode to evaluate the adsorption capacity. The effect of ZnO dosage, concentration of BBR, contact time, pH of solution, and temperature has been studied in detail. Isotherm and kinetic studies have suggested that the BBR adsorption followed Langmuir isotherm giving 10.309 mg/g monolayer capacity and pseudo-second order kinetics with rate constant 0.041 g/mg/min. The free energy values, −4.831, −5.888, and −5.918 kJ/mol at 27, 35, and 45 °C, respectively, confirmed spontaneity the physical nature of BBR sorption onto ZnO nanospheres. The band gap of the prepared ZnO nanospheres was evaluated as 3.22 eV by using Kubelka-Munk equation from DRS technique which established semiconducting nature. The water treatment through the photocatalytic degradation was also performed with and without ZnO nanospheres. The kinetic plot for the photocatalytic degradation of dye indicated the fitting of data to the pseudo-first order kinetic model. Therefore, the synthesized ZnO nanospheres can be photoactive as well as effective adsorbent for the removal of organic water pollutants.

Evaluation of Bio-Sorption Properties of Cedrus Libani (Elizabeth Leaf) on Methylene Blue Dye, Bismarck Brown Y Dye and Indigo Dye by the Batch Process

The adsorption properties of methylene blue dye, Bismarck brown Y dye, and Indigo dye on Cedrus libani(Elizabeth leaf) was investigated as a function of contact time, initial dye concentration, biomass dose, pH, dissolved salts, biomass particle size and temperature.The biomass was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), as well as Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR) before and after adsorption in order to determine the functional groups responsible for the adsorption. The amount of the dye adsorbed per unit mass of the biomass (qe) was calculated and found to be dependent on all the variables investigated. Optimal pH of 2 was determined for the adsorption of Bismarck brown Y dye and Indigo dye, while a pH of 4was determined as the optimal pH for the methylene blue dye. Indigo dye was found to be the least adsorbed while Methylene blue dye was the most adsorbed. The adsorption pattern was fitted for Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.

Coupling a Boron Doped Diamond Anode with a Solid Polymer Electrolyte to Avoid the Addition of Supporting Electrolyte in Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes

AbstractThe application of electrochemical technologies to wastewater treatment is limited by solution conductivity. In this paper, a solid polymer electrolyte Nafion® membrane has been used sandwiched between a boron doped diamond (BDD) anode and Ti/RuO2 cathode meshes to treat Bismarck Brown Y (BBY) solutions with very low conductivity. BBY has been chosen as model compound to the system, and the influence of several process parameters has been investigated. During the experiments the evolution of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color removal and nitrogen compounds have been monitored. The performances were strongly related with applied current and stirring rate, changed in a range of 0.5–2 A and 200 and 850 rpm, respectively. Their increment leads to a decrease of oxidation time required to remove BBY completely. The effect of the presence of Na2SO4 (2 and 7 mM) as supporting electrolyte has been also evaluated. Results were compared with a removal treatment carried out with a conventional batch system, using a flow cell containing liquid supporting electrolyte (Na2SO4). This comparison highlighted that the new cell setup is performing better in removing organic compounds, and thus, can be considered as effective process for the treatment of solutions with a low conductivity.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(azomethine)/ZnO Nanocomposite Toward Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue, Malachite Green, and Bismarck Brown

This research was carried out based on the significance of protecting the environment by preventing the contamination of water caused from effluents discharge from dyeing industries, effective nanocomposite were prepared to solve this problem. The poly(azomethine), ZnO, and poly(azomethine)/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), scanning electron Microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Methylene blue (MB), Malachite green (MG), and Bismarck brown (BB) were degraded from water using poly(azomethine) (PAZ), zinc oxide (ZnO), PAZ/ZnO (PNZ) nanocomposites as photocatalyst in the presence of natural sunlight. The degradation efficiency and reaction kinetics were calculated, and the outcome of the photocatalytic experiments proved that the PAZ/ZnO nanocomposites reveals excellent photocatalytic activity and effective for decolorization of dye containing waste water than PAZ and ZnO in the presence of natural sunlight. The maximum degradation efficiency 97%, 96%, and 95% was obtained for PNZ nanocomposites at optimum dosage of catalyst as 500 mg and 50 ppm of MB, MG, and BB dye concentration, respectively. The maximum degradation time was 5 h. After photocatalytic study, the samples were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV–visible spectroscopy.

Mo(VI) and W(VI) complexes as heterogeneous catalysts for degradation of azo dyes

Oxomolybdenum(VI) and polyoxotungstate(VI) complexes, [C2H10N2][(MoO2)4O3(Hcit)2].6H2O (1) and Al2W24O85C96H64Cl1.33Cu5 (2) (H4cit = citric acid) were synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 is a tetranuclear oxomolybdenum complex and 2 is a Keggin-type polyoxotungstate hybrid containing phen ligand (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The obtained materials were further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR). The prepared complexes exhibit good activity for the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) and catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) of Bismarck Brown (BB) and Direct Blue 71 (DB) as typical examples of di- and three-azo dye pollutants in water. The degradation products were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) and the catalysts could be reused without observable loss of their activity.

A Chemiresistor Sensor Based on Azo-Polymer and Graphene for Real-Time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption.

In the present study, a chemiresistor sensor based on a poly(Bismarck Brown Y)-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite was developed to analyze the respiratory capacity of the constituent complexes of the electron transport chain. The sensorial platform was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and oxygen detection was accomplished by measuring the resistive properties of the sensor at fixed AC frequency. The impedance decreased significantly in response to small variations of the O2 concentrations tested up to saturation of the electrolyte solution with molecular oxygen. The resistive response of the sensor at 0.1 Hz was linear over the oxygen concentration range from 1.17 × 10-5 mol L-1 to 1.02 × 10-3 mol L-1, with a detection limit of 3.60 × 10-7 mol L-1. Using the new O2 sensing platform, we monitored gradients in static cultures of adherent cells exposed to graded oxygen both at rest and upon metabolic stimulation. Under high dissolved oxygen conditions, the respiration of resting cells dictated that local O2 was moderately reduced, while cell metabolic stimulation triggered a major redistribution of O2. The usefulness of the developed sensor was demonstrated by continuous monitoring of mitochondrial oxygen consumption in various biologic applications.

Structure, photocatalytic and antibacterial activity study of Meso porous Ni and S co-doped TiO2 nano material under visible light irradiation

Abstract Undoped and Ni–S co-doped mesoporous TiO2 nano materials were synthesized by using sol–gel method. The characteristic features of as prepared catalyst samples were investigated using various advanced spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The characterization results of the samples revealed that all the samples exhibited anatase phase (XRD), decreasing band gap (2.68 eV) (UV–Vis-DRS), small particle size (9.2 nm) (TEM), high surface area (142.156 m2·g−1) (BET), particles with spherical shape and smooth morphology (SEM); there is a frequency shift observed for co-doped sample (FT-IR) and the elemental composition electronic states and position of the doped elements (Ni and S) in the TiO2 lattice analyzed by XPS and EDX. These results supported the photocatalytic degradation of Bismarck Brown Red (BBR) achieved with in 110 min and also exhibited the antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-3160), Pseudomonas fluorescence (MTCC-1688) under visible light irradiation.

Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles via a green route using Lagenaria siceraria: assessment of their innate antidandruff, insecticidal and degradation activities

The safe and green processes development for the nanoparticle synthesis is one of the key factors of nanotechnology concept. The present investigation describes the dye degradation, insecticidal and antidandruff activity of synthesized Palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) by utilizing the aqueous extract of Lagenaria siceraria peel which acts as the novel biomass product is reported for the first time. The synthesized Pd NPs were characterized by TEM, UV—visible spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM and XRD investigation. The absorption maxima noticed in the UV–vis show the highest peak close to 362 nm, which is the common characteristics for Pd NPs. FTIR spectra were recorded to recognize the biomolecules associated with the synthesis process, which indicated the absorption bands at 3288.63, 2926.01, 1597.06, 1379.10 cm−1. XRD examination demonstrated that these are very crystalline Pd NPs having a normal size of 21 nm. SEM and TEM images demonstrated the shape and the particles size range of 16–73 nm. The green synthesized Pd NPs showed significant antidandruff activity against Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis assayed using agar diffusion assay. Phyto-synthesized Pd NPs exhibited significant insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae. Furthermore, Pd NPs were also used for the remediation of a Bismarck brown. Synthesized Pd NPs exhibited 84% degradation activity of Bismarck brown. Overall, the results of our present study recommends that peel of L. siceraria is a best green source for the eco-friendly synthesis of Pd NPs which further can be utilized as a novel biocidal agent against dandruff causing pathogens, insects and also acts as a strong photocatalytic agent.

Catalytic decomposition of Bismarck brown by nanostructured CuS in mild conditions

Two samples of nanostructured CuS were synthesized by two different methods, and were used for degradation of Bismarck Brown, as an azo dye. The first sample consists an assembly of nanosheets, and the second one has prolat-like spheroid structure. It is shown that CuS nanosheets have higher catalytic activity than the second sample for degradation of Bismarck Brown in the presence of H2O2. The catalytic activity of the CuS nanosheets was investigated by different variables such as reaction time, solution temperature, volume of H2O2, catalyst mass, dye concentration and presence of NaCl. CuS nanosheets have high degradation efficiency under mild conditions and in the dark medium. It was found that the rate of dye degradation by H2O2 is fast in the presence of CuS nanosheets, and most of the reactant molecules are degraded within 10 minute. As the main products of dye degradation by the CuS nanosheet, and in presence of H2O2 are CO2 and CO, it is a good catalyst for water purification. Another advantage of this catalyst is its reusability and recyclability, which maintains its stability after several cycles. Finally, the catalytic performance of CuS nanosheets was investigated for degradation of dye mixture (Bismarck Brown and Methyl violet).

A Spectroscopic Study of the Interaction Between the Bismarck Brown R–Eu(III) Complex and DNA

The interaction of the Eu(III)–BBR complex with herring sperm DNA is investigated using an acridine orange (AO) probe for UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that both the AO probe and the Eu(III)–BBR complex can intercalate into the base pairs of DNA. The binding constants of the Eu(III)–BBR complex with DNA are $$ {K}_{298.15K}^{\theta } $$ = 1.58·104 L/mol and $$ {K}_{308.15K}^{\theta } $$ = 9.35·104 L/mol, and the binding process is entropydriven. It is shown that the interaction modes between the Eu(III)–BBR complex and DNA include groove binding and intercalative binding. The mechanism of the interaction between the Eu(III)–BBR complex and DNA will provide an important theoretical basis for the synthesis of new drugs.

ESTUDO DAS PROPRIEDADES FOTOELETROQUÍMICAS DO POLI(AZO-BISMARCK BROWN R) OBTIDO POR ELETROPOLIMERIZAÇÃO PARA SENSIBILIZAÇÃO DE CÉLULAS SOLARES

The present research investigates the electrochemical behavior of a solar cell sensitized with Bismark Brown R azopolymer. This cell was developed from the electropolymerization of the dye on a conductive glass substrate coated with fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO) by cyclic voltammetry. The photosensitive behavior of the obtained film was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in the presence of pulsed light. The poly(azo-Bismarck R) exhibited reversible light-induced changes of electrical conductance, due to azo group photoisomerization. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also carried out under a light source. This technique allowed to evaluate interfacial phenomena existing in the photovoltaic device, performing a Recebido em: 27/08/2018Aprovado em: 16/09/2018 52Colloquium Exactarum, v. 10, n.3,Jul-Set. 2018, p.51–65. DOI: 10.5747/ce.2018.v10.n3.e245detailed investigationof its photoelectrochemical properties. A decrease in electrical resistance was observed with the lightincidence on the polymer membrane indicating charge transfer to the polymer conduction band.Photo-responsive film of Bismarck Brown can be developed for advanced organic photovoltaic such as solar cells.

The Bismarck Brown Y based functional polymer-bound palladium nanoparticles as a capable catalyst for the synthesis of N-arylsulfonyl cyanamides

The 4-(benzyloxy)benzyl chloride polymer-bound (BBC-Polym) was functionalized with Bismarck Brown Y (BBY: 4,4′-(1E,1E′)-1,3-phenylenebis(diazene-2,1-diyl)dibenzene-1,3-diamine (BBC-Polym@BBY), the corresponding novel nanoparticle Pd catalyst prepared by addition of PdCl2 (BBC-Polym@BBY@Pd), and the catalyst used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of a range of N-arylsulfonyl cyanamides from the reaction of arylcyanamides with arylsulfonyl chloride at r.t. in EtOH. Recyclability of the catalyst, high yield, short reaction times, and easy work up are the attracting features of this protocol.

Eco-friendly Design of Flow Injection System for The Determination of Bismarck Brown R Dye

Eco-friendly Design of Flow Injection System for The Determination of Bismarck Brown R Dye

Photo-catalytic degradations of methylene blue, malachite green and Bismarck brown using poly(azomethine)/TiO2 nanocomposite

The poly(azomethine), TiO2 and poly(azomethine)/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared and exemplified by Fourier Transform-Infra red spectroscopy, UV–Visible spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction, EDAX, SEM and TEM techniques. Methylene blue, malachite green and Bismarck brown were debased from water using poly(azomethine) (PAZ), titanium di oxide (TiO2), poly(azomethine)/titanium di oxide (PAZ/TiO2) nanocomposites as photo-catalyst in presence of natural sunlight. The deprivation efficiency and reaction kinetics was calculated and the outcome of the photo-catalytic experiments proved that the PAZ/TiO2 nanocomposites reveals excellent photo-catalytic activity and efficient for achromatize the dyestuff present in the waste water than PAZ and TiO2 in presence of normal sunlight. The maximum degradation efficiency 95, 93 and 95% was obtained for PAZ/TiO2 nanocomposites at optimum dosage of catalyst as 500 mg and 50 ppm of methylene blue, malachite green and Bismarck brown dye concentration respectively. The maximum deprivation time was 5 h. After photo-catalytic study the samples were portrayed by FT-IR and UV–Visible spectroscopy. The main aim of this research was to protect our environment from the contamination of water due to the effluence released from dyestuff industries, to resolve this crisis effective nanocomposite were synthesized.

Removal of Dye Bismarck Brown G by Photocatalytic Reaction over Prepared Co-Oxide Cr2O3-NiO: A Kinetic Study

Removal of Dye Bismarck Brown G by Photocatalytic Reaction over Prepared Co-Oxide Cr2O3-NiO: A Kinetic Study

Magnetic Fe3O4@V2O5/rGO nanocomposite as a recyclable photocatalyst for dye molecules degradation under direct sunlight irradiation

Reduced graphene oxide nanosheets decorated with Fe3O4 and V2O5 nanoparticles as a magnetically recoverable nanocomposite (Fe3O4@V2O5/rGO) was synthesized by a simple solution chemistry approach. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), fluorescence, and zeta potential measurements. The narrow band gap and different band gap energies of Fe3O4 and V2O5 proved to be suitable for the absorption of visible light in the solar spectrum. The Fe3O4@V2O5/rGO displayed indeed excellent photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of harmful cationic Bismarck Brown (BB) as well as anionic Acid Orange 7 (AO) dyes under direct sunlight irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the Fe3O4@V2O5/rGO is influenced by solution pH, catalyst loading, initial dye concentration and the presence of different inorganic ions (NH4+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42−, Br−, NO3−, Cl−, HCO3−). This study provides a new scientific knowledge on the sunlight driven photocatalytic degradation of dye molecules using novel mixed metal oxide/rGO nanocomposite photocatalyst.

Influence of aromatic additives on Bismarck Brown Y dye color removal treatment by Fenton processes.

The influence of diverse aromatic additives on Fenton processes (Fe2+/H2O2, Fe3+/H2O2) has been evaluated by using the Bismarck Brown Y (BBY) di azo dye as target pollutant. Results indicate that all tested Fe3+-reducing additives (gallic, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic, and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids, catechol, and hydroquinone) exhibited pro-oxidant properties during BBY dye color removal, mainly during Fe3+/H2O2 treatments. For example, in the presence of hydroquinone BBY color removal was increased from 22 to 83% for 60min through the Fe3+/H2O2 process. The effect of non-reducing additives was less pronounced, among which salicylic and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids were more efficient at removing dye color than benzoic acid and methylene blue. It was suggested that OH radicals may have converted non-reducing additives into Fe3+-reducing intermediates, which had a positive effect on the treatments. On the other hand, antioxidant properties were observed during BBY color removal in the presence of higher concentrations of gallic and salicylic acids. These items of data indicate that a minimum amount of aromatic additive was enough to increase BBY dye color removal by Fenton processes.