Year Of Birth Research Articles

Comparison of Longitudinal Outcomes in Children with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia and Cystic Fibrosis.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) are both genetic diseases of mucociliary clearance resulting in progressive lung disease with onset in early life. PCD is often considered to be milder in childhood than CF, based on minimal evidence. Similar to CF, genotype-phenotype associations exist in PCD: pathogenic variants in CCDC39 and CCDC40, causing inner dynein arm/microtubular defects (IDA/MTD) are associated with more severe disease. To compare longitudinal outcomes in matched children with PCD and CF. We hypothesized that children with PCD with IDA/MTD defects would have lower lung function but better nutritional indices than matched children with CF with minimal function genotypes (i.e., those associated with pancreatic insufficiency). Children with PCD enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, observational study were matched with CF patients from the CF Foundation Patient Registry by birth cohort, age, sex, race/ethnicity and year of study visit. The association of disease group overall and by severity class (PCD-IDA/MTD versus all other defects and CF-minimal versus residual function) with longitudinal outcomes up to age 17 was evaluated with cubic spline mixed effects models. Groups included 136 children with PCD (40 IDA/MTD, 96 other) and 476 with CF (446 minimal function, 30 residual function). Below age 14, the PCD group had similar or lower estimated mean FEV1 % predicted compared to CF (e.g., at age 10, -5.4 % predicted lower (95% CI: -7.7, -3.1)). Compared to the CF-minimal function (pancreatic insufficient) group, the PCD-IDA/MTD group had similar BMI; estimated mean FEV1 % predicted was significantly lower by age 10 (mean difference -10.6% (95% CI: -14.7, -6.4), increasing to -15.7% (95% CI: -20.3, -11.2) at age 14. The CF cohort had increased prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured on one or more occasions compared to children with PCD (67% vs 27%, p<0.001); there was no difference in prevalence of P. aeruginosa between children with PCD-IDA/MTD and PCD-other. In childhood, average lung function abnormalities in PCD are not milder than CF, particularly for those with IDA/MTD ciliary defects. New guidelines and treatments to improve outcomes in PCD are urgently needed.

Association of Polygenic Risk Score With Lifetime Risk of Developing Multiple Sclerosis in a Population-Based Birth-Year Cohort.

More than 200 genetic variants have been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility. However, it is unclear to what extent genetic factors influence lifetime risk of MS. Using a population-based birth-year cohort, we investigate the effect of genetics on lifetime risk of MS. In the Project Y study, we tracked down almost all persons with MS (pwMS) from birth year 1966 in the Netherlands. As control participants, we included non-MS participants from the Project Y cohort (born 1965-1967 in the Netherlands) and non-MS participants from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort born between 1963 and 1969. Genetic variants associated with MS were determined in pwMS and control participants using genotyping or imputation methods. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) based on variants and weights from the largest genetic study in MS were calculated for each participant and assigned into deciles based on the PRS distribution in the control participants. We examined the lifetime risk for each decile and the association between PRS and MS disease variables, including age at onset and time to secondary progression. MS-PRS was calculated for 285 pwMS (mean age 53.0 ± 0.9 years, 72.3% female) and 267 control participants (mean age 51.8 ± 3.2 years, 58.1% female). Based on the lifetime risk estimation, we observed that 1:2,739 of the women with the lowest 30% genetic risk developed MS, whereas 1:92 of the women with the top 10% highest risk developed MS. For men, only 1:7,900 developed MS in the lowest 30% genetic risk group, compared with 1:293 men with the top 10% genetic risk. The PRS was not significantly associated with age at onset and time to secondary progression in both sexes. Our results show that the lifetime risk of MS is strongly influenced by genetic factors. Our findings have the potential to support diagnostic certainty in individuals with suspected MS: a high PRS could strengthen a diagnosis, but especially a PRS from the lowest tail of the PRS distribution should be considered a red flag and could prevent misdiagnosing conditions that mimic MS.

The combined effect of indoor climate and psychosocial stressors on subsequent headaches: A prospective study of the general working population in Norway

This prospective panel study explores the link between indicators of poor indoor climate and psychosocial stressors in the work environment with subsequent headaches. A random sample of the Norwegian working population (18 to 66 years) was examined, using self-reported health symptoms and work exposures collected in 2009, 2013 and 2016. This study included repeated measurements of 6681 workers attending at least two consecutive interviews (16,493 observations). The results were analysed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs), adjusting for sex, birth year, occupation, education, baseline mental health and the presence of headache at baseline. Headaches were prevalent in 25.4% of cases, with odds ratios (ORs) increasing with poor indoor climate (ORcontinuous = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.19) and number of psychosocial stressors (ORcontinuous = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14). The OR amongst individuals concurrently exposed to both poor indoor climate and psychosocial stressors was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.26–1.75). Approximately one in five headache cases were attributable to this combined exposure. Measures implemented to reduce the prevalence of headaches in the work environment should consider the combined impact of a poor indoor climate and psychosocial stressors.

Genetic analysis for reproductive and longevity traits in Landlly sows

The rate of reproduction and lifetime productivity of the animals determine the success of a herd. As these features significantly impact sow productivity, welfare, and profitability, there is considerable interest in global swine breeding programmes to genetically select better sows for these attributes. In this scenario, reliable heritability estimates and genetic correlations between traits are essential for the success of genetic selection for such traits. The goals of the current study were to examine the reproductive and longevity traits and to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters for these traits in Landlly sows kept at a swine production farm, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. The effect of non-genetic factors on different reproductive traits was estimated using SPSS version 16.0 and Bayesian approach which were utilized to estimate the genetic parameters for reproductive and longevity traits. The current study’s finding that the year and season of birth significantly affect reproductive traits generally suggests that there is potential for boosting productivity by optimising managemental practices. The heritability estimates were low for the reproductive and longevity traits, indicating a very little additive genetic variance in these traits, and individual selection will not be helpful for improving them. As some traits, such as LSB_FF &amp; LSW_FF and LSB _SF &amp; LSW_SF, have a moderate genetic correlation, indirect selection can be used to improve these two pairs of features.

Infertility treatment and offspring blood pressure-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Studies have inconsistently observed that children conceived by IVF or ICSI have higher blood pressure compared to children not conceived by these ARTs. The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of blood pressure measures of offspring conceived by ART and those conceived naturally. Resolving the suspicion of ART as a risk factor of higher blood pressure, and therefore of heart disease, has public health and clinical implications. A biomedical librarian searched the Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Searches were limited to records published in English since 1978. Grey literature was searched. Inclusion criteria were humans born via infertility treatment (vs no treatment) who underwent a blood pressure assessment. Exclusion criteria were non-human participants, non-quantitative studies, absence of a control group, and specialty populations (e.g. cancer patients only). Two reviewers independently screened each record's title and abstract and full text using Covidence, extracted data using Excel, and assessed bias using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Quality Assessment Tool for cohort studies. Of 5082 records identified, 79 were included in the systematic review and 36 were included in the meta-analysis of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in ART and non-ART groups. Overall, 34 reports including 40 effect sizes from 25 unique cohorts, compared blood pressure between ART (N = 5229) and non-ART (N = 8509, reference) groups with no covariate adjustment. No standardized mean differences (SMD) in SBP (0.06 per SD of mmHg, 95% CI = -0.05, 0.18) or DBP (0.11, 95% CI = -0.04, 0.25) by treatment were found, but the heterogeneity was considerable (I2=76% for SBP and 87% for DBP). Adjusted analyses were presented in 12 reports, representing 28 effect sizes from 21 unique cohorts (N = 2242 treatment vs N = 37590 non-treatment). Studies adjusted for varied covariates including maternal (e.g. age, education, body mass index, smoking, pregnancy complications), child (e.g. sex, age, physical activity, BMI, height), and birth characteristics (e.g. birth weight and gestational age). Adjusted results similarly showed no SMD for SBP (-0.03, 95% CI = -0.13, 0.08) or DBP (0.02, 95% CI = -0.12, 0.16), though heterogeneity remained high (I2 = 64% and 86%). Funnel plots indicated a slight publication bias, but the trim and fill approach suggested no missing studies. Removal of five studies which adjusted for birth outcomes (potentially over-adjusting for mediators) made no material difference. Type of treatment (e.g. IVF vs ICSI), period effects by birth year (≤2000 vs >2000), offspring age group (<8, 8-14, 15+), or study location (e.g. Europe) did not modify the results. In conclusion, conception by ART was not associated with offspring blood pressure in a meta-analysis, although considerable heterogeneity was observed. Given the increasing number of children born using ART, perpetuating a difference in blood pressure would mean unnecessary risk screening for many children/adults on a population level. At a clinical level, couples considering these reproductive technologies have some reassurance that there is no evidence of strong vascular 'programming' due to the techniques used. PROSPERO No. CRD42022374232.

Age at menarche by birth cohort: A pooled analysis of half a million women in Asia

ObjectivesTo evaluate changes in the age at menarche in Asian populations. Study designRetrospective cohort study. MethodsWe included 548,830 women from six countries in Asia. The data were sourced from 20 cohorts participating in the Asia Cohort Consortium (ACC) and two additional cohort studies: Japan Multi-institutional Collaborative Cohorts (J-MICC), and Japan Nurse Health Study (JNHS) with data on age at menarche. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate changes in age at menarche by birth year and by country. ResultsThe study includes data from cohorts in six Asian countries namely, China, Iran, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. Birth cohorts ranged from 1873 to 1995. The mean age of menarche was 14.0 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.4 years, ranged from 12.6 to 15.5 years. Over 100 years age at menarche showed an overall decrease in all six countries. China showed a mixed pattern of decrease, increase, and subsequent decrease from 1926 to 1960. Iran and Malaysia experienced a sharp decline between about 1985 and 1990, with APC values of −4.48 and −1.24, respectively, while Japan, South Korea, and Singapore exhibited a nearly linear decline since the 1980s, notably with an APC of −3.41 in Singapore from 1993 to 1995. ConclusionsOverall, we observed a declining age at menarche, while the pace of the change differed by country. Additional long-term observation is needed to examine the contributing factors of differences in trend across Asian countries. The study could serve as a tool to strengthen global health campaigns.

Impaired head circumference growth and behavioural problems in childhood: Longitudinal findings from the MINA-Brazil birth cohort.

Previous evidence on the relation between early head circumference (HC) growth and behavioural outcomes in preschoolers has been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate whether HC growth from birth to 5 years of age was related to internalising or externalising behavioural problems at 5 years of age in a sex-specific manner. Among 303 girls and 318 boys from the MINA-Brazil birth cohort, we examined the associations between changes in HC from birth to 5 years of age and internalising and externalising behaviour problem scores at 5 years according to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents. HC values were transformed into sex- and age-specific z-scores (HCZ) using World Health Organisation standards, and the differences between values at 5 years of age and birth were classified into quintiles. We estimated adjusted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals in behavioural problem scores between HCZ change quintiles using multivariable linear regression by sex. To examine nonlinear associations, we included cubic spline terms. Head circumference growth from birth to 5 years of age was inversely and nonlinearly associated with internalising problems in girls. Compared with girls at the lowest quintile of HC growth, those above had an adjusted 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.28, 2.27) points lower mean internalising problems score. This association was mostly driven by HC growth during the first 2 years. We found no association between HC growth and externalising behaviour in either sex. Impaired HC growth was related to higher mean internalising problem scores at 5 years of age in girls but not in boys. HC growth was not associated with externalising problems.

Oral Antibiotic Use in Adulthood and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Prior antibiotic use may be a factor in the rising incidence of colorectal cancer seen in those under 50 years of age (early-onset colorectal cancer [EOCRC]); however, the few studies to examine this link have reported conflicting results. Therefore, we evaluated the association between oral antibiotic use in adulthood and EOCRC in a large integrated healthcare system in the United States. A population-based nested case-control study was conducted among Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients 18-49 years of age diagnosed with EOCRC (adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum) in 1998-2020 who had ≥2 years of continuous pharmacy benefit prior to diagnosis. Cases were matched 4:1 to healthy controls on birth year, sex, race and ethnicity, medical facility, and duration of pharmacy benefit. Antibiotic exposure >1 year before the diagnosis/index date was assessed using prescribing records. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A sensitivity analysis was performed among those with ≥10 years of continuous prescribing records. 1359 EOCRC cases were matched to 4711 healthy controls. Antibiotic use in adulthood was not significantly associated with EOCRC in unadjusted or adjusted analyses (adjusted OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.94-1.26). No associations were seen for cumulative number of oral antibiotic dispensations or for any prior period of antibiotic exposure. In a large United States healthcare setting, there was no conclusive evidence of an association between oral antibiotic use in adulthood and risk of EOCRC.

The Development of Financial Technology, Financial Literacy, and Financial Management Behavior in Generation Z (A Case Study of Economics Students at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang)

This study aims to analyze and explore the influence of financial technology development on financial literacy and financial management behavior in generation Z, especially for students at the Faculty of Economics, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang with a birth year range of 1997-2012 as many as 100 respondents. This study used a quantitative approach and purposive sampling technique which amounted to 100 qualified respondents. This study used a sample of generation Z at the Faculty of Economics, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and this research was conducted in the period March-August 2024. This research method is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis with the PLS Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. Hypothesis testing in this research is to understand the relationship between variables. To test the validity and reliability of researchers using the outer model. Hypothesis testing using the inner model. The results showed that financial technology has a significant positive effect on financial literacy and student financial management behavior, financial literacy has a significant positive effect on student financial management behavior and literacy is able to mediate the relationship between financial technology and student financial management behavior.

Association between Changes in Menarcheal Age and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Analysis of 38,879 Patients over 20 Years.

Menarche has a significant impact on the progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); however, studies in this area are insufficient. This study used large-scale school screening data to investigate the relationship between menarcheal age and AIS, especially the severity of scoliosis. Of 2,326,577 students who participated in school screening for scoliosis (SSS) in South Korea from 2001 to 2021, 38,879 girls with AIS, who experienced menarche, were included. Data including the patient's demographics, such as menarcheal age, Cobb angle, Risser stage, and the interval between menarche and the time of screening were retrieved from the SSS database. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify the changes in menarcheal age according to the birth year and to investigate the relationship between menarcheal age and each variable of interest. Based on the birth year, the mean menarcheal ages in girls with AIS from 1988 to 2008 demonstrated a steadily decreasing trend over time (r = -0.857, p < 0.001). Girls with AIS and late menarche demonstrated a higher Cobb angle at the time of screening (r = 0.095, p < 0.001). Other variables did not significantly correlate with menarcheal age. Based on the SSS, a large-scale school screening dataset, menarcheal age in girls with AIS demonstrated an ongoing downward trend in the recent 20 years in South Korea. Notably, girls with AIS and late menarche had a higher Cobb angle at screening. Our findings indicate the need for earlier screening of AIS in girls who have not undergone menarche.

Women's use of Swedish health care during the postpartum period in relation to maternal country of birth-A population-based study.

Migrant women are a heterogenous group with both higher and lower risk for pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes compared with women in the receiving countries. This study aimed to investigate women's use of Swedish healthcare postpartum, in terms of hospital stay >48 h, readmission to hospital, and specialized out-patient clinic visits, in relation to maternal country of birth. A population-based register study including 278 219 primiparous and 367 776 multiparous women in Sweden (2014-2019) using data from Swedish Pregnancy Register, National Patient Register and Statistics Sweden. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between maternal country of birth and outcomes, adjusting for year of birth, maternal age, education, pre-gestational hypertension and diabetes, and healthcare region, presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) with Swedish-born women as reference. Subgroups of migrant women had higher odds of postpartum hospital stays > 48 h, particularly women from Eritrea (primiparous aOR 2.80, CI 2.49-3.15; multiparous aOR 2.78, CI 2.59-2.98), Somalia (primiparous aOR 2.61, CI 2.34-2.92; multiparous aOR 1.87, CI 1.79-1.97), and India (primiparous aOR 2.52, CI 2.14-2.97; multiparous aOR 2.61, CI 2.33-2.93), compared to Swedish-born women. Primiparous women from Afghanistan (aOR 1.32, CI 1.08-1.6), Iraq (aOR 1.30, CI 1.16-1.46), and Iran (aOR 1.23, CI 1.04-1.45) had slightly higher odds of hospital readmission, along with multiparous women from India (aOR 1.34, CI 1.02-1.76) and Somalia (aOR 1.24, CI 1.11-1.38). Specialized out-patient clinic visits were most common in primiparous women from Somalia (aOR 1.47, CI 1.35-1.59), Iran (aOR 1.31, CI 1.22-1.42) and Afghanistan (aOR 1.31, CI 1.18-1.46), and in multiparous women from Iran (aOR 1.30, CI 1.20-1.41) and Iraq (aOR 1.15, CI 1.11-1.20), however less common in women from some other countries. The use of Swedish health care during the postpartum period varied among women, depending on their country of birth. Women from certain countries had particularly high odds of postpartum hospital stays exceeding 48 h, compared to Swedish-born women, regardless of parity and pre-gestational medical disorders. Further studies are needed to determine whether the individual needs of migrant women are being met during the postpartum period or not.

Prevalence of high neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone levels as an indicator of iodine deficiency in the province of La Pampa: An epidemiological analysis.

Introduction. Iodine plays a key role in human metabolism, growth, and development. During pregnancy and childhood, the demand for this micronutrient increases notably. Increased neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (nTSH) levels, defined as nTSH ≥ 5 mIU/L, are a marker of iodine deficiency in a population if its prevalence is higher than 3%. Objective. To establish the prevalence of nTSH ≥ 5 in La Pampa in the 2021-2022 period, analyze its correlation with different variables, and compare it with data from a historical cohort. Population and methods. Cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study in a population of newborn infants born in the 5 health regions of the province of La Pampa in 2021 and 2022. Results. Of the 5778 assessed newborn infants, 9.6% had nTSH levels ≥ 5 mIU/L. It was reported that 70.4% of these measurements were done after the third day of life. No significant differences were observed in the frequency of high nTSH levels by year of birth, birth weight, or days until sample collection. A higher prevalence was observed among male infants (10.6% versus 8.5%; p = 0.007) and term infants (9.8% versus 6.6%; p = 0.02). The prevalence of high TSH levels was superior to that observed in the 2001-2002 cohort. Conclusions. The prevalence of high nTSH levels in La Pampa during 2021 and 2022 was 9.6%, suggesting the presence of mild iodine deficiency in the population of this province, higher that what had been reported 2 decades ago.

Influence of additive and maternal effects on growth traits in Deccani sheep through Bayesian inference

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for growth traits in Deccani sheep using Bayesian inference. A dataset comprising pedigree information and growth trait records from 2590 Deccani animals, born to 127 sires and 836 dams between 2011 and 2020, was analyzed. The growth traits considered included birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), and weights at six (SWT), nine (NWT), and twelve (YWT) months of age. Genetic evaluation employed six univariate animal models incorporating direct and maternal effects, implemented through THRGIBBS1F90 and POSTGIBBSF90 programs. Fixed factors adjusted in the analysis included year of birth, sex of lamb, season of lambing, and dam’s age and weight at lambing. Bayesian estimates of direct heritability, under the best model, revealed values of 0.14±0.05, 0.13±0.01, 0.20±0.04, 0.15±0.06, and 0.18±0.05 for BWT, WWT, SWT, NWT, and YWT traits, respectively. Corresponding maternal heritability estimates were 0.07±0.02, 0.08±0.01, 0.02±0.01, 0.10±0.02, and 0.17±0.06. Negative genetic correlations between additive and maternal genetic effects ranged from -0.14 to 0.07, while maternal permanent environmental influences were negligible. Positive and moderate to high genetic correlations among growth traits suggest potential relationships between them. These findings suggested selection based on WWT because it measured early in life, and has high correlation with other body weight especially SWT trait.

Genomic prediction and validation strategies for reproductive traits in Holstein cattle across different Chinese regions and climatic conditions

Accurate genomic predictions of breeding values for traits included in the selection indexes are paramount for optimizing genetic progress in populations under selection. The size of the reference populations is a major factor influencing the accuracy of genomic predictions, which is even more important for lowly-heritable traits such as fertility and reproduction indicators. Combining data from different geographical regions or countries can be beneficial for genomic prediction of these lowly heritable traits. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the benefits of performing across-regional genomic evaluations for reproduction traits in Chinese Holstein cattle; and, 2) assess the feasibility of validating genomic predictions across environments based on reaction norm models (RNM) and the Linear Regression (LR) method after accounting for genotype-by-environment interactions. Phenotypic records from 194,574 cows collected across 47 farms located in 2 regions of China were used for this study. The reference and validation populations were defined based on birth year for applying the LR validation method. The traits evaluated included: interval from first to last insemination (IFL), conception rate at the first insemination (CR_f), and number of inseminations (NS) recorded in heifers and first-parity cows. The results indicated that combining data from different regions resulted in greater genomic prediction accuracies compared with using data from single regions, with increases ranging from 2.74% to 93.81%. This improvement was particularly notable for the region with the least amount of available data, where the increases ranged from 26.49% to 93.81%. Furthermore, the predictive abilities could be validated for all studied traits based on the LR method across different environments when fitting RNM. The prediction accuracies and bias of genomic breeding values based on RNM were better than regular single-trait animal models in extreme climatic conditions for IFL and NS, whereas limited increases in predictive abilities were observed for CR_f. Across-regional genomic prediction by RNM can account for genotype-by-environment interactions, potentially increase the accuracy of genomic prediction, and predict the performances of individuals in the environments with limited phenotypic data available.

End-stage and chronic kidney disease in classic bladder exstrophy: A retrospective muti-institutional cohort study

IntroductionWhile most children with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) are born with normal kidneys, some experience renal deterioration in adulthood. Little is known about the incidence of end-stage and chronic kidney disease (ESKD and CKD, respectively) in this population. Our group has recently published on surgical outcomes in a multi-institutional cohort of 216 people with CBE. Our aim was to describe the incidence of ESKD and prevalence of CKD in this cohort of people with CBE. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of patients with CBE followed at five tertiary care centers described previously. The primary outcome was incidence of ESKD, defined as permanent peritoneal/hemodialysis or renal transplantation. The secondary outcome was prevalence of CKD stage 3 or higher (CKD3+, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]<60ml/min/1.73m2) at the last appointment. Creatinine-based eGFRs were calculated using the CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation (adults) and the Schwartz formula (children). Survival analysis and Fisher’s exact test were used. ResultsA total of 201 patients (93% of the original cohort) had renal function data available (63% male). Four patients who had a primary urinary diversion remained diverted at a median follow-up of 20.1 years. None developed ESKD and one developed CKD3+. The remaining 197 patients had a primary bladder closure. At a median follow-up of 18.8 years old, 12 were diverted, 108 were augmented and 77 were neither. Three patients developed ESKD (1.5%) at a median age of 23.4 years (1 hemodialysis, 2 transplantation). On survival analysis, the risk of ESKD was 0% at 10 years, 1% at 20 years and 5% at 30 years (Figure). This was higher than the risk of 0.003% at 21 years of age in the general population (p<0.001). The median age of 141 individuals with eGFR data was 21.6 years old (65% male). No children, 4% of adolescents and 8% of adults had CKD3+ (p=0.45). On exploratory analyses, prevalence of CKD3+ did not differ by center or birth year (p>=0.99). ConclusionsThe risk of ESKD and CKD among patients with CBE is not insignificant and appears to be more common than the general population. The potential role of modifiable contributing factors, such as increased bladder outlet resistance, warrants further investigation. Reliable long-term follow up is needed in this population to monitor for ESKD and CKD.

Association between child marriage and high blood glucose level in women: A birth cohort analysis

ObjectivesChild marriage prematurely forces girls (<18 years of age) to perform adult roles prior to physical and psychological maturity. Such precocious transitions to young adulthood can have consequences on their long-term health, however, limited work has examined such relationships to date. As such, this study examines whether child marriage is associated with the risk of having hyperglycemia, or high blood glucose, in adulthood. Study designObservational study using repeated cross-sectional data. MethodsUsing data from the 2015-16 and 2019-21 waves of the India National Family Health Survey, we matched 432,080 and 418,409 women, aged 20 to 49 years, by birth year and month to create birth cohorts. Fitting multivariable binomial and multinomial logistic models, we compared the odds of having hyperglycemia across groups by marriage age (i.e., before or after age 18 years) within respective birth cohorts. ResultsWe found that the adjusted odds of having high blood glucose among women married as children were 1.12 (95% CI: 1.07 – 1.16) times that of their peers married as adults in the full-sample. The adjusted relative risks of having blood glucose levels higher than normal but lower than diabetic and diabetic ranges were 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04 – 1.14) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.15 – 1.31), respectively, in comparison to blood glucose within normal range. These results were persistent across sub-groups of different birth cohorts. ConclusionOur findings suggest that child marriage was associated with higher risk of having high blood glucose in women, later in life.

Symptoms of post COVID-19 condition and diseases/conditions diagnosed after COVID-19 in Japanese patients: A real-world study using a claims database

BackgroundMore than 200 symptoms of post coronavirus disease (COVID-19) condition (PCC) impacting patients’ quality of life have been reported. This study describes the symptoms of well-known PCC and diseases/conditions diagnosed after COVID-19 and analyzes the trends in well-known PCC according to the epidemic waves in the Japanese population. MethodsPatients with a COVID-19 diagnosis in the JMDC claims database were matched 1:1 with individuals without COVID-19 diagnosis (controls) based on sex, year and month of birth, and risk factors for aggravation. The first month of COVID-19 diagnosis from January 2020–March 2022 was the index month, and the observation period was from July 2019 to 6 months from the index month (patients) and July 2019–September 2022 (controls). ResultsOf 263,456 each of patients and controls after matching, 51.8 % were aged 18–49 years, 56.3 % were male, and 24.5 % had risk factors for aggravation. One in 18 patients experienced well-known PCC 2–3 months after severe acute respiratory syndrome cornonavirus 2 infection, with the highest odds ratio (OR) being for pulmonary thromboembolism (29.37), followed by smell/taste disorder (13.34) and respiratory failure (8.28). Some of the common diseases/conditions diagnosed after COVID-19 comprised those of the genitourinary system, eye and adnexa, and ear and mastoid process and certain infectious and parasitic diseases. Overall, the risk difference decreased from the first to the sixth wave, but the OR was >1.00 for most symptoms even during the sixth wave. ConclusionsPCC symptoms showed a declining trend over time but persisted. Physicians and patients need to recognize PCC symptoms.

Relative age effect in Mexican professional and youth soccer

In youth football, categories are defined by the players’ year of birth. In one category, there can be an age difference of almost 12 months, which may manifest itself in considerable physical differences. The impact of this "relative age" is reflected in elite teams by an overrepresentation of players born in the first months of the year, called "Relative Age Effect" (RAE). In the present study, this bias was analyzed among the 4499 Mexican players (3531 men, 968 women), registered by the 18 professional clubs for the 2022 season in men’s First Division, their U20, U18, U17, U16, U14 categories, women's First Division, and their U17 categories. From every player were collected: birthday, playing position, minutes played for their teams, and their teams’ final rank in the National Championships. In all categories, except women's First Division, a statistically significant RAE was found, whose size was greater in the lower categories than in the major ones. The playing positions that presented a higher size of RAE were not the same in the different categories. A positive correlation was found between RAE and individual and team performances. These results indicate the need to take a deeper look at the selection and development processes of talented players in Mexico, because players initially favored by their greater relative age do not reach the professional soccer teams in the same proportion.

Risk of cardiovascular disease among head and neck cancer survivors: A population-based matched cohort study

BackgroundIn the United States, approximately 63,000 Americans develop head and neck cancer (HNC) annually. Our study aims were to investigate cardiovascular complications and risk factors for development of CVD among HNC survivors. MethodsUtilizing the Utah Populations Database, a total of 1,901 HNC patients diagnosed and 7,796 birth year, sex, and birth state matched individuals from the general population were identified. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used. ResultsWithin the first two years after cancer diagnosis, HNC survivors had a higher likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). High Charleston Comorbidity Index (CCI) score at baseline (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.67, 95 % 1.28–2.17), stage II and IV disease (HR 1.80, 95 % 1.29–2.51), age >=65 years old (HR 2.31, 95 % 1.85–2.88), chemotherapy (HR 1.47, 95 % 1.15–1.88) were associated with increased CVD risk. ConclusionsCompared to the general population, HNC survivors were more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases, particularly if they had the following risk factors: older age, stage II or IV cancer, high baseline CCI score, and chemotherapy were risk factors for development of CVD.

Estimating genetic parameters and trends in growth curve traits of Zandi sheep using the SAEM algorithm.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of environmental effects on growth curve traits of Zandi lambs and estimate their genetic parameters with the best-fit animal model. For this purpose, live body weight (BW) records (n = 10,607) of 2,519 individuals (which were progeny of 278 rams and 1,485 ewes) were used to estimate genetic effects on growth curve traits from birth to yearling age of Zandi lambs. Using the Stochastic Approximation Expectation Maximization (SAEM) algorithm the growth curve parameters of five different mixed functions (i.e., Brody, Richards, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz and Logistic) were obtained, then for the most appropriate model the genetic parameters were estimated using a Bayesian approach fitted multivariate animal model and ignoring or including maternal genetic effect. Except Richards model, all other mixed functions used here closely fitted actual BW records (R2 > 0.96). However, the Logistic function provided the best fit in every type. So, studied growth curve traits were estimated asymptotic weight which considered as mature weight (a), rate parameter (b), rate of maturing (k), and age (Ai)/weight (Wi) at the point of inflection. Of the fixed effects studied (i.e., gender, birth type, dam age, season and year of birth), the only non-significant relationship was the effect dam age on b and Ai. Based on the best-fitted model, posterior means of heritability estimates for a, b, k, Wi and Ai were 0.142 ± 0.036, 0.094 ± 0.029, 0.143 ± 0.063, 0.149 ± 0.039 and 0.029 ± 0.013, respectively. Posterior means of genetic correlations between mentioned traits ranged from -0.018 ± 0.069 (b-k) to 0.959 ± 0.029 (a-b), whereas the phenotypic correlation varied from -0.047 ± 0.014 (b-k) to 0.836 ± 0.007 (a-b). It was concluded that the model including only direct additive effect was sufficient to explain the variation in all investigated growth traits of Zandi lambs, selection for these traits results in slow genetic gain (due to the lack of sufficient genetic variation), but it would not be difficult to improve their mature weight and rate of maturing jointly. The results indicate that although the rate of genetic change for mature weight has been small (0.008 ± 0.003 kgyear-1; P < 0.05) but in the favorable direction for this breed.