Bipolar Quantum Research Articles

Ideals in Bipolar Quantum Linear Algebra

Since bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA), under two operations–-addition and multiplication—demonstrates the properties of semirings, and since ideals play an important role in abstract algebra, our results are compelling for the ideals of a semiring. In this article, we investigate the characteristics of ideals, principal ideals, prime ideals, maximal ideals, and the smallest ideal containing any nonempty subset. By applying elementary real analysis, particularly the infimum, our main result is stated as follows: for any closed set I in BQLA, I is a nontrivial proper ideal if and only if there exists c∈(0,1] such that I=(−x,y)∈R2|cx≤y≤xcandx,y≥0. This shows that its shape has to be symmetric with the graph y=−x.

Valley-Polarized Quantum Hall Phase in a Strain-Controlled Dirac System.

In multivalley systems, the valley pseudospin offers rich physics going from encoding of information by its polarization (valleytronics), to exploring novel phases of matter when its degeneracy is changed. Here, by strain engineering, we reveal fully valley-polarized quantum Hall phases in the Pb_{1-x}Sn_{x}Se Dirac system. Remarkably, when the valley energy splitting exceeds the fundamental band gap, we observe a "bipolar quantum Hall phase," heralded by the coexistence of hole and electron chiral edge states at distinct valleys in the same quantum well. This suggests that spatially overlaid counterpropagating chiral edge states emerging at different valleys do not interfere with each other.

Dwell Times, Wavepacket Dynamics, and Quantum Trajectories for Particles with Spin 1/2.

The theoretical connections between quantum trajectories and quantum dwell times, previously explored in the context of 1D time-independent stationary scattering applications, are here generalized for multidimensional time-dependent wavepacket applications for particles with spin 1/2. In addition to dwell times, trajectory-based dwell time distributions are also developed, and compared with previous distributions based on the dwell time operator and the flux-flux correlation function. Dwell time distributions are of interest, in part because they may be of experimental relevance. In addition to standard unipolar quantum trajectories, bipolar quantum trajectories are also considered, and found to relate more directly to the dwell time (and other quantum time) quantities of greatest relevance for scattering applications. Detailed calculations are performed for a benchmark 3D spin-1/2 particle application, considered previously in the context of computing quantum arrival times.

Stability of a nonlinear wave for an outflow problem of the bipolar quantum Navier-Stokes-Poisson system

Stability of a nonlinear wave for an outflow problem of the bipolar quantum Navier-Stokes-Poisson system

Quantum trajectories and the nuclear optical model

In the context of nuclear scattering, we use the bipolar reduction of the Schrödinger equation to examine the effects of optical model absorption on incoming and outgoing scattering waves. We compare the exact solutions for these waves, obtained using a bipolar quantum trajectory-based formalism, with their approximate WKB counterparts. Aside from reducing the magnitudes of the incoming and outgoing waves, absorption smooths the variation of the potential at the turning point, reducing reflection in this region. This brings the incoming exact solution and WKB approximation into closer agreement, but tends to worsen the agreement between the outgoing solutions. Inside the turning point, the WKB approximation overestimates the inward decaying solution. The exact solution also possesses an outward going component, solely due to reflection, with no WKB counterpart.

Bipolar thermoelectrical SQUIPT (BTSQUIPT)

We theoretically study the quasiparticle current behavior of a thermally biased bipolar thermoelectrical superconducting quantum interference proximity transistor, formed by a normal metal wire embedded in a superconducting ring and tunnel-coupled to a superconducting probe. In this configuration, the superconducting gap of the wire can be modified through an applied magnetic flux. We analyze the thermoelectric response as a function of magnetic flux, at fixed temperatures, in the case of a device made of the same superconductor. We demonstrate magnetically controllable, bipolar thermoelectric behavior and discuss optimal working conditions by looking at the thermoelectric power and other figures of merit of the device.

Stability of the stationary solution to an outflow problem for the bipolar quantum Navier-Stokes-Poisson equations

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solutions to an outflow problem for the one-dimensional bipolar quantum Navier-Stokes-Poisson equations in the half space. First, by means of the manifold theory and the center manifold theorem, we show the existence and spatial decay rate of the stationary solution provided the boundary strength is small enough. Next, based on elaborate energy estimates, we prove that the stationary solution is asymptotically stable in the case that the boundary strength and the initial perturbation around the stationary solution are sufficiently small.

Bipolar spin-conversion diode and quantum entanglement induced by the valley and pseudoparity mixing

Herein, we report on a zigzag graphene superconducting junction with a superconductor sandwiched in between two magnetized zigzag graphene nanoribbons, where the valley and pseudoparity mixing are shown to bring about peculiar properties. We find that the bipolar spin diode and spin-conversion diode in the ferromagnetic configuration as well as quantum entanglement in the antiferromagnetic one are exhibited. The noncollinear angle combined with the valley and pseudoparity mixing in arbitrary magnetic configurations exerts a significant influence on the transport properties. In addition, not only the bipolar spin diode and magnetic storage with high efficiencies but also the bipolar spin-conversion diode and quantum entanglement can coexist in one setup. Particularly, the bipolar spin-conversion diode can be used to directly detect and confirm the helical spin texture of the edge state in a quantum spin Hall insulator.

Asymptotic stability of nonlinear diffusion waves for the bipolar quantum Euler–Poisson system with time‐dependent damping

We shall investigate the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the one‐dimensional bipolar quantum Euler–Poisson system with time‐dependent damping effects for . Applying the technical time‐weighted energy method, we prove that the classical solutions to the Cauchy problem exist uniquely and globally, and time‐algebraically converge to the nonlinear diffusion wave.

Near-infrared phosphorescent carbon dots for sonodynamic precision tumor therapy

Theranostic sonosensitizers with combined sonodynamic and near infrared (NIR) imaging modes are required for imaging guided sonodynamic therapy (SDT). It is challenging, however, to realize a single material that is simultaneously endowed with both NIR emitting and sonodynamic activities. Herein, we report the design of a class of NIR-emitting sonosensitizers from a NIR phosphorescent carbon dot (CD) material with a narrow bandgap (1.62 eV) and long-lived excited triplet states (11.4 μs), two of which can enhance SDT as thermodynamically and dynamically favorable factors under low-intensity ultrasound irradiation, respectively. The NIR-phosphorescent CDs are identified as bipolar quantum dots containing both p- and n-type surface functionalization regions that can drive spatial separation of e−–h+ pairs and fast transfer to reaction sites. Importantly, the cancer-specific targeting and high-level intratumor enrichment of the theranostic CDs are achieved by cancer cell membrane encapsulation for precision SDT with complete eradication of solid tumors by single injection and single irradiation. These results will open up a promising approach to engineer phosphorescent materials with long-lived triplet excited states for sonodynamic precision tumor therapy.

Large-time behavior of solutions to the bipolar quantum Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations

Large-time behavior of solutions to the bipolar quantum Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations

The Metallic Ratio of Pulsating Fibonacci Sequences

The golden ratio and the Fibonacci sequence (Fn) are well known, as is the fact that the ratio Fn+1Fn converges to the golden ratio for sufficiently large n. In this paper, we investigate the metallic ratio—a generalized version of the golden ratio—of pulsating Fibonacci sequences in three forms. Two of these forms are considered in the sense of pulsating recurrence relations, and their diagrams can be represented by symmetry, which is one of their distinguishing characteristics. The third form is the Fibonacci sequence in bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA), which also pulsates.

Space Charge Behavior in Epoxy‐Based Dielectrics: Progress and Perspective

AbstractEpoxy‐based dielectrics are extensively used in grid‐connected energy systems and modern microelectronics as electrical insulation, adhesive, and packaging components. However, space charge accumulation in epoxy‐based dielectrics is a foremost factor threatening device stability and lifespan, especially under conditions of high voltage direct current and high temperatures during long‐term operation, and thus are investigated systematically. This article reviews the state‐of‐the‐art progress in understanding and regulating the space charge behavior of epoxy‐based dielectric materials. The development of space charge measurement techniques is first introduced. Then, experimental observations of macroscopic space charge characteristics in epoxy dielectrics under different conditions, along with the advancement of nanofiller‐doping strategies for improving space charge suppression capabilities, are discussed and emphasized. Afterward, simulation progress based on the bipolar charge transport models and quantum chemistry calculations are summarized to provide some insight from a microscopic perspective. It is concluded by providing a brief summary and highlighting future research opportunities in inhibiting space charge accumulation of epoxy‐based dielectrics for practical applications in power equipment and electronic devices.

Large-time behavior of solutions to the bipolar quantum Euler-Poisson system with critical time-dependent over-damping

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We shall investigate the large-time behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the one-dimensional bipolar quantum Euler-Poisson system with critical time-dependent over-damping. By means of the time-weighted energy method, we prove that the smooth solutions to the Cauchy problem exist uniquely and globally, and time-asymptotically converge to the nonlinear diffusion waves when the initial perturbation around the nonlinear diffusion waves are small enough. Particularly, we show the optimal decay rates of solutions toward the nonlinear diffusion waves.</p>

Existence and uniqueness of steady states to semiconductor bipolar full quantum hydrodynamic model

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence and uniqueness of subsonic steady states to the one-dimensional bipolar full quantum hydrodynamic model for semiconductors in a bounded interval. The main result is proved by perturbation arguments combined with Banach's Fixed Point Theorem. Moreover, we also obtain the uniform estimates of steady states with respect to the physical parameters appear in the model, which comes in useful for discussing the relaxation time limit and semi-classical limit in future study.

Ground-0 Axioms vs. First Principles and Second Law: From the Geometry of Light and Logic of Photon to Mind-Light-Matter Unity-AI&QI

Without the geometry of light and logic of photon, observer-observability forms a paradox in modern science, truth-equilibrium finds no unification, and mind-light-matter unity is unreachable in spacetime. Subsequently, quantum mechanics has been shrouded with mysteries preventing itself from reaching definable causality for a general purpose analytical quantum computing paradigm. Ground-0 Axioms are introduced as an equilibrium-based, dynamic, bipolar set-theoretic unification of the first principles of science and the second law of thermodynamics. Related literatures are critically reviewed to justify the self-evident nature of Ground-0 Axioms. A historical misinterpretation by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics is identified and corrected. That disproves spacetime geometries (including but not limited to Euclidean and Hilbert spaces) as the geometries of light and truth-based logics (including but not limited to bra-ket quantum logic) as the logics of photon. Backed with logically definable causality and Dirac 3-polarizer experiment, bipolar quantum geometry (BQG) and bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) are identified as the geometry of light and the logic of photon, respectively, and wave-particle complementarity is shown less fundamental than bipolar complementarity. As a result, Ground-0 Axioms lead to a geometrical and logical illumination of the quantum and classical worlds as well as the physical and mental worlds. With logical resolutions to the EPR and Schrodinger's cat paradoxes, an analytical quantum computing paradigm named quantum intelligence (QI) is introduced. It is shown that QI makes mind-light-matter unity and quantum-digital compatibility logically reachable for quantum-neuro-fuzzy AI-machinery with groundbreaking applications. It is contended that Ground-0 Axioms open a new era of science and philosophy—the era of mind-light-matter unity in which human-level white-box AI&QI is logically prompted to join Einstein's grand unification to foster major scientific advances.

The stationary solution of a one-dimensional bipolar quantum hydrodynamic model

In this paper, we consider the existence and uniqueness of stationary solution to the bipolar quantum hydrodynamic model in one dimensional space with general non-constant doping profile. The existence of the stationary solution is proved by Leray-Schauder fixed-point theorem and a crucial truncation technique is used to derive the positive upper and lower bounds of the stationary solution. The uniqueness of the stationary solution is shown by a delicate energy estimate.

Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of the Bipolar Quantum Drift-Diffusion Model in the Quarter Plane

In this study, we consider the one-dimensional bipolar quantum drift-diffusion model, which consists of the coupled nonlinear fourth-order parabolic equation and the electric field equation. We first show the global existence of the strong solution of the initial boundary value problem in the quarter plane. Moreover, we show the self-similarity property of the strong solution of the bipolar quantum drift-diffusion model in the large time. Namely, we show the unique global strong solution with strictly positive density to the initial boundary value problem of the quantum drift-diffusion model, which in large time, tends to have a self-similar wave at an algebraic time-decay rate. We prove them in an energy method.

Forming-free bipolar resistive switching and quantum conductance in NiO/FTO structures

Forming-free bipolar resistive switching and quantum conductance effects are reported for Au/NiO/FTO structures. The devices show multistep conductance changes during the RESET process for temperatures in the range from 295 to 373 K. Statistical histograms based on 650 switching cycles indicate that the conductivity changes are well represented by integer or half integer multiples of the quantum conductance G0. Temperature dependent I–V measurements below the switching voltages can be described using a Poole–Frenkel model. The mechanism of forming-free bipolar switching and the quantum conductance effect in the Au/NiO/FTO structure is interpreted by multiple quasi-filaments existing in as-grown NiO films and the numbers for the multiple conducting filaments decrease gradually in RESET processes when they rupture gradually.

The road from fuzzy sets to definable causality and bipolar quantum intelligence—To the memory of Lotfi A. Zadeh

The road from fuzzy sets to definable causality and bipolar quantum intelligence—To the memory of Lotfi A. Zadeh