Biotechnological Methods Research Articles

Aluminum Biorecovery from Wastewaters.

Aluminum biorecovery is still at an early stage. However, a significant number of studies showing promising results already exist, although they have revealed problems that need to be solved so aluminum biorecovery can have a wider application and industrial upscaling. In this chapter, we revise the existing knowledge on the biorecovery of aluminum from different sources. We discuss the design, overall performance, advantages, technical problems, limitations, and possible future directions of the different biotechnological methods that have been reported so far. Aluminum biorecovery from different sources has been studied (i.e., solid wastes and primary sources of variable origin, wastewater with low concentrations of dissolved aluminum at pH-neutral or weakly acidic conditions, and acidic mine waters with high concentrations of dissolved aluminum and other metal(loid)s) and has shown that the process efficiency strongly depends on factors such as (1) the physicochemical properties of the source materials, (2) the physiological features of the used (micro)organisms, or (3) the biochemical process used. Bioleaching of aluminum from low-grade bauxite or red mud can much be achieved by a diverse range of organisms (e.g., fungi, bacteria) with different metabolic rates. Biorecovery of aluminum from wastewaters, e.g., domestic wastewater, acidic mine water, has also been accomplished by the use of microalgae, cyanobacteria (for domestic wastewater) or by sulfate-reducing bacteria (acidic mine water). In most of the cases, the drawback of the process is the requirement of controlled conditions which involves a continuous supply of oxygen or maintenance of anoxic conditions which make aluminum biorecovery challenging in terms of process design and economical value. Further studies should focus on studying these processes in comparison or in combination to existing economical processes to assess their feasibility.

The significance of queen bee eggs in beekeeping (in the conditions of Bukhara region)

In the conditions of Bukhara region, increasing the productivity of queen bees in the bee family is carried out in several ways. In the scientific research work, methods such as artificial breeding of queen bees and biotechnological supplementary feeding of the bee family were used. These biotechnological methods have helped to increase the productivity of the queen bee. This technology shows the productivity of the queen bee, an increase in the number of eggs, an increase in the efficiency of the worker bees, a significant increase in the weight of the queen bee, and the number of egg tubes in her ovary is slightly higher.

БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МЕТОД СЕЛЕКТИВНОЙ ЭМБРИОКУЛЬТУРЫ IN VITRO АВТОНОМНЫХ ЗАРОДЫШЕЙ В УСКОРЕННОЙ ОЦЕНКЕ ЗАСУХОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ГИБРИДНЫХ КОМБИНАЦИЙ ХЛЕБНЫХ ЗЛАКОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЯРОВОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ)

The article analyzes a biotechnological method of selective embryo culture in vitro, developed in order to accelerate the assessment of drought resistance of newly obtained hybrid combinations of economically important cereals. Using the example of spring soft wheat, the main stages of this method are considered from the standpoint of plant embryology and histophysiology. The brief review of literary and own works devoted to such a critical stage of embryonic development of cereals as their autonomy is given. Special attention is paid to the manners of detecting the drought resistance of autonomous embryos of hybrid combinations in selective embryo culture in vitro and in ex vitro soil conditions, as well as laboratory evaluation of regenerants caryopsises in drought simulation conditions. The embryonic parameters of drought-resistant regenerants in conditions of field drought are analyzed. The expediency of using the developed biotechnological method in breeding programs for obtaining drought-resistant hybrid combinations of cereals is discussed.

ВЛИЯНИЕ УРОВНЯ РАСТВОРЕННОГО КИСЛОРОДА НА СПОРООБРАЗОВАНИЕ B. SUBTILIS ПРИ ГЛУБИННОМ КУЛЬТИВИРОВАНИИ В БИОРЕАКТОРЕ

This paper presents research findings on the impact of dissolved oxygen levels on the spore formation of B. subtilis during submerged cultivation in a bioreactor. The experiments analyzed both static and dynamic oxygen levels. The study revealed that oxygenation changes significantly affect the kinetics and yield of B. subtilis spores. When static DO values ranged from 0% to 50%, the process proved economically inefficient, with either non-viable bacteria at the end of the cycle or a spore yield that was not cost-effective. Conversely, DO levels from 50% to 0% resulted in rapid spore formation, followed by a shift from sporulation form back to vegetative form. The research identified the optimal dissolved oxygen range for cultivation as a dynamic cycle between 0% and 50%, where sporulation occurred after 36 hours, with spores comprising 95% of the total bacterial mass. This study broadens our understanding of biotechnological growth factors in bioreactor systems. Microbiological and biotechnological methods were used for submerged cultivation in bioreactors, along with physicochemical monitoring of dissolved oxygen. The practical relevance of this study lies in its potential application in controlling the cultivation of this microorganism for industrial biotechnological processes.

Ways to increase the biogenicity and fertility of the soil cover of oil-polluted landscapes

The article is devoted to - studying the impact of oil pollution (Siyazanneft field) on the dynamics of microbiological processes in the soil and the identifying of the possibility of reducing amount of hydrocarbons in the soil cover using biotechnology methods, in a controlled mode. In the series of model experiments, the effect of the various additives and the prepared bioproduct to the decomposition of hydrocarbons and the biological activity of oil-contaminated soils was studied. In a model experiment introduction of ameliorants into contaminated soil, separately and together, contributed to increasing of the general biogenecity of soils and the decreasing of the oil content in the soil by 17-62% compared to the control. These biotechnologies can be very effective in the development of bioremediation technologies for oil-contaminated soils.

Patent data-driven analysis of literature associations with changing innovation trends.

Patents are essential for transferring scientific discoveries to meaningful products that benefit societies. While the academic community focuses on the number of citations to rank scholarly works according to their "scientific merit," the number of citations is unrelated to the relevance for patentable innovation. To explore associations between patents and scholarly works in publicly available patent data, we propose to utilize statistical methods that are commonly used in biology to determine gene-disease associations. We illustrate their usage on patents related to biotechnological trends of high relevance for food safety and ecology, namely the CRISPR-based gene editing technology (>60,000 patents) and cyanobacterial biotechnology (>33,000 patents). Innovation trends are found through their unexpected large changes of patent numbers in a time-series analysis. From the total set of scholarly works referenced by all investigated patents (~254,000 publications), we identified ~1,000 scholarly works that are statistical significantly over-represented in the references of patents from changing innovation trends that concern immunology, agricultural plant genomics, and biotechnological engineering methods. The detected associations are consistent with the technical requirements of the respective innovations. In summary, the presented data-driven analysis workflow can identify scholarly works that were required for changes in innovation trends, and, therefore, is of interest for researches that would like to evaluate the relevance of publications beyond the number of citations.

Biotechnological method for bone tissue recovery: theoretical basis and clinical application

Biotechnological method for bone tissue recovery: theoretical basis and clinical application

Use of ultrasonic screening in aquaculture for the directed formation sturgeon and salmon fish mature stocks

The results of research work for the period from 2018 to 2023 on the use of early non-invasive functional ultrasound screening for the purpose of targeted formation of highly productive mature-brood stocks of Siberian sturgeon of the Ob, Yenisei, Baikal, Lena populations, European sterlet of the Kama population, Siberian sterlet of the Ob, Yenisei, Irtysh populations on main full-cycle industrial fish-breeding farms of Eastern and Western Siberia using water recirculation systems are presented in the article. Biotechnological methods for the formation of highly productive mature stocks using ultrasound monitoring are described. The number of individuals with pathologies and anomalies in the development of the reproductive system, liver, gallbladder and other internal organs were estimated; treatment methods were proposed. For the first time studies on the use of ultrasound for visualizing the gonads, determining the stages of maturity, detecting diseases of the heart, liver, gallbladder in salmon fish (trout, Atlantic salmon) grown in aquaculture have been carried out. For the first time ultrasound and histological studies were carried out to study the nature of “ink spots” on the skin of Siberian sturgeon Lena population from natural habitat. It was found that in the skin of sturgeon during pathology there was a growth of epidermal cells. Melanin melanocytes increased in both epidermis and dermis. At the same time there were no elastic fibers of the epidermis after painted according to Van-Gison. All these changes may indicate melanoma.

Plant improvement and metabolite production in Cannabis sativa: Recent biotechnological advances

The Cannabis sativa plant is an excellent source of metabolites, fiber, and medicinal properties. Phytocannabinoids are the secondary metabolites naturally derived from Cannabis plant species. These metabolites are promising and can be used in producing phytomedicine or plant-based therapeutics. However, many of these compounds are produced in low quantities across different Cannabis species. To solve this limitation, in vitro, biotechnological methods offer promising solutions for enhancing the production of secondary metabolites in Cannabis. This review highlights the biotechnological approaches for enhancing Cannabis secondary metabolite production through in vitro plant improvement techniques such as plant regeneration, elicitor-responsive metabolite induction, polyploidy manipulation, protoplast culture, bioreactor-based hairy root culture, genetic transformation, and genome editing. These biotechnological approaches might be useful for improving Cannabis plants and increasing plant capacity to produce potential metabolites. These phytochemical and bioactive compounds found in Cannabis species could be used as alternative resources for pharmaceutical and industrial production.

INTRODUCTION OF DRACOCEPHALUM MOLDAVICA L. IN VITRO CULTURE

B a c k g r o u n d . Dracocephalum moldavica L. is widely used in folk medicine in many countries of the world due to its antispasmodic, antibacterial, analgesic, sedative and anti-inflammatory properties. D. moldavica essential oil is often used in aromatherapy and cosmetology. The use of biotechnological methods for obtaining secondary plant metabolites has become increasingly popular in recent years. On the one hand, they serve as a source of substances beneficial for pharmacology, while on the other hand, aseptic microclones of medicinal plants can be utilized as model organisms to explore methods to enhance the biosynthesis of specific target products. The in vitro use of plants for the production of biologically active substances is also a crucial and pertinent method for the conservation of natural biodiversity. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for introducing the medicinal plant Dracocephalum moldavica into in vitro culture. M e t h o d s. To introduce Dracocephalum moldavica plants into in vitro culture, the conditions for seed sterilization were carefully selected. The effectiveness of treatment with succinic acid in combination with various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite solution (20%, 50%, or 70%) was assessed to obtain aseptic material and ensure a high percentage of seed germination. The duration of seeds viability after storage for 1, 2, and 3 years was determined by testing seed germination in soil and in vitro. R e s u l t s . Seeds of D. moldavica have a relatively low germination rate when planted in soil and quickly lose their viability. In vitro cultivation can significantly enhance the germination of fresh seeds and allow for a more efficient use of two- and three-year-old seeds. The stimulating effect of succinic acid on the seed germination and seedling development of Dracocephalum moldavica has been observed, but it also activated the growth of fungal and bacterial infections. Therefore, it is advisable to use this stimulant only along with a more intensive sterilizing agent. C o n c l u s i o n s . The optimal method for introducing Dracocephalum moldavica from seeds into in vitro culture has been determined: pre-treatment of seeds with succinic acid followed by sterilization using 70% sodium hypochlorite.

Cutting-Edge biotechnological methods for plant disease control: A review of advanced techniques

Cutting-Edge biotechnological methods for plant disease control: A review of advanced techniques

Microsurgical dissection methods for embryonic cloning of monozygotic twins

To date, biotechnological methods for producing double grains play an important role in increasing the production of milk and meat. At the same time, monozygotic twins are of particular interest for assessing the heritability of quantitative traits, breeding value when studying the influence of the maternal effect on offspring and creating reserve genes with known properties. However, in cattle, the frequency of birth of twins is only 0.025%, and the appearance of identical twins is only 0.01%. The reasons for the separation of embryos in the process of ontogenesis are unknown, but their production became possible with the development of genetic engineering methods, which include embryonic cloning by microsurgery of early embryos (dissection). The results of research in this area are mostly not applied, which is due to the high cost of micromanipulation equipment and the complexity of the procedure due to the large number of micro-tools. Today, the development of simplified methods of microsurgical manipulations on embryos remains an urgent task. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the possibility of simplifying the existing technology of microsurgical dissection of preimplantation embryos by developing appropriate tools. In connection with this goal, the tasks of developing a device for simplifying the dissection procedure and determining its effectiveness in comparison with the use of a micromanipulator with one tool were determined. The development of the device and its practical application were carried out in 2021-2023 at the Regional Research and Production Center for the Reproduction of Farm Animals of the Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov. The conducted studies showed the following results: the efficiency of using a micromanipulator with one microscalpel was 86.1%: as a result of dissection of 61 embryos, 105 full-fledged demiembryons out of 122 possible ones were obtained. The efficiency of the developed device was 10.2% higher – after separation, 27 embryos received 52 compacted demiembryons out of 54 possible (96.3%).

Bibliometric analysis of theses on plant tissue culture in the universities of Peru

Introduction: plant tissue culture is a set of biotechnological methods involving propagation and regeneration of plant cells, tissues, organs by specific control of nutritional factors. The bibliometric study turns out to be a great source of information on the development of a certain area, since it employs methods of measurement and comparison of data on the different sources obtained. Objective: scientific production was characterized through bibliometric analysis of theses on plant tissue culture in Peruvian universities. We analyzed undergraduate and graduate theses on in vitro plant tissue culture in the period 1997 - 2023 from 143 public and private universities. Methods: the sample was delimited in 24 universities (22 public and 2 private) with specialties such as Biology, Biotechnology, Agronomic Engineering, Biotechnological Engineering and others.Results: there are 126 published theses on the subject of plant tissue culture in 24 Peruvian universities. Of the total number of published theses, a higher percentage of undergraduate theses was obtained with 84,13 %, while master's theses represented 11,90 % and doctoral theses 3,97 %. The Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM) has 28 theses (22,22 %), followed by the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (UNT) with 19 (15,1 %), etc.Conclusions: this bibliometric study of theses in plant tissue culture has identified that there is a greater concentration of research in this area in public universities, in addition to being linked to Schools of Agricultural Engineering and Biology

Морфологические характеристики растений-регенерантов малины при хемотерапии от Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in vitro

Field and micropropagated plants were tested for the presence of RBDV by DAS-ELISA and PCR. For in vitro therapy, plants with a proven absence of ArMV, ApMV, RpRSV, TBRV, TomRSV, SLRV, CMV, TRSV and infected with Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) were selected.Virazole and salicylic acid at concentrations of 30, 50 and 70 mg/l were used as antiviral preparation.Low phytotoxicity of salicylic acid and high phytotoxicity of virazole were established. Long-term use of virazole, at concentrations of 50 and 70 mg/l, by the end of the 3rd passage leads to the complete death of microshoots. The studies were carried out within the framework of the project „Development of biotechnological methods (in vitro and ex vitro) obtaining virus-free material from the raspberry bushy dwarf virus” in order to increase the productivity of industrial raspberry plantations.

Modelling of green biocatalytic (R)-(+)-limonene oxidation using the mycelium of psychrophilic Cladosporium cladosporioides 01

The profitability of a green biotechnological method in obtaining limonene epoxides with the use of a new biocatalyst was calculated.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ РОДОДЕНДРОНОВ В ГОРОДСКОМ ОЗЕЛЕНЕНИИ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ДЛЯ ИХ МАССОВОГО РАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ

The article assesses the use of introduced representatives of the genus Rhododendron L. in urban landscaping in central Russia. The species and varietal diversity of rhododendrons allows us to meet the highest demands of specialists in green construction and landscape architecture. Rhododendrons are a difficult-to-root crop, so there is a constant search for means and methods that can increase the yield of planting material. Along with traditional methods of plant propagation, the method of clonal micropropagation is successfully used. The prospects of biotechnological methods for mass propagation of rhododendrons are shown.

Biotechnological Advancements in Streptokinase Production

This article offers a deep analysis of activating streptokinase which looks into the biotechnological challenges and future perspectives. One of the main problems associated with streptokinase is its short half-life, complex production process, and immunogenicity which hinders patients from getting a successful reperfusion. Yet, the development of biotechnology methods that would not face these drawbacks, such as the strategy of recombinant streptokinase production and enzyme engineering theories, is a promise. This paper aims to provide an overview of biotechnological breakthroughs in the production of streptokinase with a focus on discovering long-lasting formulations exhibiting less immunogenicity and in addition the economic viability and scalability of biotechnological production processes. This article also gives the comping image of known purification methods like chromatography, ultrafiltration, and I-A chromatography for the separation and purification of streptokinase. In addition, the author presents the advantage of such suitable production technologies as cell-free production systems and E. Coli system optimization, such as recombinant streptokinase synthesis in Yeast systems. Biotechnology is turning out to be a new area, having a future boom due to the rising innovation and demand that are associated with the prospects revealed by the market trends.

Agro-Industrial Residues Used as Substrates for the Production of Bioaroma Compounds with Basidiomycetes: A Comprehensive Review

Flavoring compounds are substances that directly influence the acceptance or rejection of a product. They are considered as essential components in the industrial sector due to their wide range of applications in different areas, such as food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. With the growing demand and concern of consumers for the acquisition of flavors from natural products, alternatives for the sustainable and low-cost production of such compounds becomes mandatory. Among these alternatives, biotechnological processes involving fungi are considered ecologically suitable and sustainable, as they tend to use conditions that are less harmful to the environment. The application of filamentous fungi such as basidiomycetes in biotechnological processes has been very promising, although it depends on the strain and growing conditions for obtaining bioaromas. The present review aims to compile reports on the potential of several basidiomycete fungi in the production of bioaromas using biotechnological methods. This review also includes the availability of nutrients and covers the new perspectives created with the application of agro-industrial residues as alternative cultivation substrates for these microorganisms. Thus, this is expected to consequently alleviate environmental pollution problems and enable the production of promising volatile compounds in a natural and sustainable way.

Utilizing Marine Biotechnology to Address Pollution in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Addressing marine pollution within Bangladesh's maritime boundaries through biotechnological methods is a vital undertaking in the battle against the environmental issues confronting this coastal nation. By harnessing biotechnology, creative solutions can be crafted to confront the various types of marine pollution, including plastic waste, oil spills, and chemical contaminants, which pose significant threats to the country's precious coastal ecosystems, biodiversity, and fisheries. These strategies employ agents for biodegradation, genetically modified organisms, and advanced filtration techniques to eliminate pollutants from aquatic environments and reinstate ecological equilibrium effectively. By integrating state-of-the-art biotechnological innovations with sustainable management practices, Bangladesh has the potential to safeguard its marine environment and ensure the lasting prosperity of its coastal communities and marine biodiversity. Bioresearch Commu. 10(1): 1432-1441, 2024 (January)

New scientific and methodological approaches to the laying of root-related plantings of grapes

Relevance. The transition to a grafted grape culture solved the problem of saving viticulture from phylloxera, however, the shortcomings of the grafted culture indicate that the problem has not been completely solved. The article substantiates the importance and possibility of maintaining a root culture of phylloxeratolerant varieties based on the development of innovative methodology and technological foundations for the creation and operation of intensive root plantations using scientifically based biotechnological and physiological methods against the background of phylloxera infection. Hypotheses are proposed and experimental data are presented confirming the possibility of forming root-related plantings of tolerant grape varieties in accordance with the biological characteristics of the grape plant. It has been established that the laying of new plantings with root-related cuttings of phylloxera-tolerant varieties in a permanent place using physiologically active compounds, meets the biology of the grape plant, promotes better plant development, accelerates the onset of fruiting and increases the fruitfulness of bushes, in comparison with traditional technology.