Optimization Of Biosorption Research Articles

Optimization of biosorption of industrial dyes into Luffa cylindrica functionalized with quaternary ammonium salts

Optimization of biosorption of industrial dyes into Luffa cylindrica functionalized with quaternary ammonium salts

Microbial Decolorization of Reactive Violet 1: Biosorption Optimization by Central Composite Design

Biological treatment of wastewater containing dyes utilizing aerobic, anaerobic, or combined aerobic-anaerobic biodegradation techniques is often utilized due to its relative affordability and lack of hazardous consequences. Different microbes including bacteria, fungi, and algae were used to decolorize the different dyes. Up to 10% of dyes used in the textile industry are eliminated as colored wastewater after being applied and are not bonded to the fibers. These colored wastewaters must be properly cleaned before being dumped into different bodies of water. The objective of variety search is to identify the factor combination with the highest desirability combination. Desirability functions are frequently employed in RSM optimization.
 Four bacterial biomasses have been tested for their capacity to decolorize dyes in this study. Screening studies included four distinct biomasses and four distinct reactive dyes. The bacterial strain #288 has a biosorption with 70% on Reactive Violet 1. Central composite design was employed to maximize the biosorption percentage and biosorption capacity. At the result of the study, Reactive Violet 1 was adsorbed by #288 with 93,7% and the biosorption capacity was estimated to be 325,7. FTIR and SEM were used to characterize the biomass before and after decolorization. The outcome demonstrates that #288 is effective in removing Reactive Violet 1 from textile wastewaters.

Biosorption optimization of lead(II) and cadmium(II) ions by two novel nanosilica-immobilized fungal mutants.

This study aims at immobilization of fungal mutants on nanosilica (NSi)-carriers for designing efficient biosorbents as a significant new technology for decontamination practices and maximizing their heavy metal (HM) sorption proficiency through the experimental design methodology. Endophytic fungal mutant strains, Chaetomium globosum El26 mutant and Alternaria alternata S5 mutant were heat inactivated and then immobilized, each separately, on NSi carriers to formulate two separated nano-biosorbents. The formulated NSi-Chaetomium globosum El26 mutant (NSi-Chae El26 m) was investigated for Pb+2 uptake while, the formulated NSi-Alternaria alternata S5 mutant (NSi-Alt S5 m) was investigated for Cd+2 uptake, each through a batch equilibrium protocol. Before and after the metal sorption process, the designed nano-biosorbents were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Sorption pH, contact time, sorbent concentration, and initial HM concentration were statistically optimized using a Box-Behnken design. Results showed that NSi-Chae El26 m was efficient in Pb+2 uptake with maximum biosorption capacities of 199.0, while NSi-Alt S5 m was efficient in Cd+2 uptake with maximum biosorption capacities of 162.0mg g-1 . Moreover, the equilibrium data indicated that the adsorption of Pb+2 and Cd+2 by the tested nano-biosorbents fitted to the Freundlich isotherm. The formulated nano-biosorbents resulted in higher HM biosorption of metal ions from aqueous solution than that obtained by the free fungal biomass. The biosorption statistical modelling described the interactions between the tested sorption parameters and predicted the optimum values for maximum HM biosorption capacity by the two designed nano-biosorbents. These findings verify that members of the endophytic fungal genera Alternaria and Chaetomium are suitable to produce nano-biosorbents for decontamination practices after treatment by gamma mutagenesis, heat inactivation, and NSi immobilization. Moreover, statistical optimization can assist to evaluate the optimal conditions to produce such bioremediation material.

Removal of yttrium from rare-earth wastewater by Serratia marcescens: biosorption optimization and mechanisms studies

The discharge of yttrium containing wastewater is a potential risk to human health. Although biosorption is a promising method to remove yttrium from wastewater, whereas the application of it is limited due to the lack of efficient biosorbents. In this study, the removal of yttrium from wastewater using Serratia marcescens as a biosorbent was conducted. The effects of six parameters including pH (2–5.5), initial yttrium concentration (10–110 mg/L), biosorbent dosage (0.1–0.5 g/L), biosorption time (10–700 min), stirring speed (50–300 rpm) and temperature (20–60 °C) were evaluated. The main parameters were optimized using response surface methodology. The results showed that the adsorption capacity reached 123.65 mg/g at the optimized conditions. The biosorption mechanism was revealed based on a combined analysis using field emission transmission electron microscope-energy dispersion spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These results revealed that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups were the adsorption functional groups for yttrium ions. Biosorption of yttrium by S. marcescens is under the combination of ion exchange, electrostatic attraction and complexation. These findings indicated that S. marcescens can be used as an efficient biosorbent to remove yttrium from wastewater. In addition, its adsorption capacity can be further improved by the enhancement of adsorption functional groups on the surface through chemical modification.

Application of Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization for modelling and optimization of biosorption of Lead(II) and Nickel(II) from wastewater using dead cyanobacterial biomass

Removal of heavy metals through biosorption using biomass offers several advantages over other conventional techniques such as low cost, high efficiency, environmentally friendly, etc. In the present article, biosorption of Nickel(II) and Lead(II)was investigated using dried biomass of cyanobacterial consortium. OFAT (one-factor-at-a-time) analysis was used to assess the effect of input parameters on the removal of potentially toxic elements by varying initial metal ion concentration (2–10 mgL−1), adsorbent dose (0.1–1.0 gL-1), pH (for Pb(II): 2–6, for Ni(II): 2–8) and temperature (25°C–45°C) individually, at constant shaking speed of 150 ​rpm. Results showed that removal using biomass attained highest values in as short time as 15 ​min. The investigations also showed the removal is highly effective at lower initial concentrations of heavy metals. Maximum removal of Lead(II) (87.27 ​± ​1.75%) and Nickel(II) (92.57 ​± ​0.77%) was obtained at pH 6 and 45°C and at pH 7 and 25°C, respectively, within 15 ​min with 0.1 gL-1 biomass. Both the Langmuir model and Freundlich model were seen to fit the equilibrium data. Further, Artificial Neural Network was used to model the biosorption process. Subsequently, Particle Swarm Optimization was applied to optimize the operating conditions for the removal of both the metals.

Isolation, identification, biosorption optimization, characterization, isotherm, kinetic and application of novel bacterium Chelatococcus sp. biomass for removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions

The current research is the first to focus on the study of biosorption potential of a novel bacterium Chelatococcus sp. to biosorb metal ions from aqueous samples. An isolated bacterial strain Pb1S1 was characterized for biosorption efficiency for Pb (II) ions. Based on microscopic and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated strain was identified as belonging to the genus Chelatococcus. At optimized experimental conditions, the maximum biosorption efficiency for Pb (II) ion was 86.44% at metal concentration of 100 µg/mL, pH 6.5, biomass dose of 60 mg/L, temperature of 35 °C and incubation of 18 h at 60 rpm. Analysis of biomass by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray shows the morphological changes and alteration in elemental composition attained due to biosorption. Functional groups of biomass involved in biosorption were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental data were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm, while kinetic data showed the best fit with pseudo-first-order kinetic model. At optimized biosorption conditions, Chelatococcus biomass showed good capability for biosorption of Pb (II) from contaminated water sources. Hence, the study interprets that Chelatococcus biomass can be considered as robust, inexpensive and efficient novel biosorbent for the removal of metals.

Bioremoval of Safranin O dye by the identified lichen species called Evernia prunastri biomass; biosorption optimization, isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics

Evernia prunastri (lichen), a novel, eco-friendly, cost-effective, wide availability, safe, renewable and easy collection biosorbent, has been utilized for the removal of Safranin O (SO) dye from an aqueous solution. The biosorption behavior of SO onto the lichen biomass was investigated concerning parameters such as initial SO concentration (10–2000 mg L−1), solution pH (2.0–12.0), lichen biomass dosage (1–20 g L−1), contact time (2–1440 min), temperature (5 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C), and recovery were investigated. The zeta potential analyses showed that electrostatic attraction existed during the biosorption process between the SO and lichen biomass. The maximum SO biosorption capacity of the lichen biomass was 0.257 mol kg−1 at pH 6.0 and 25 °C. The biosorption energy for SO onto the lichen biomass was found to be EDR:8.9 kJ mol−1 reveals the biosorption proceeds chemically. The biosorption process follows the pseudo-second order and intra particle diffusion rate kinetics. Thermodynamic studies showed that SO biosorption, by this the lichen biomass is possible, spontaneous, and endothermic.

Modeling and optimization of biosorption of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution onto pine leaves (Pinus kesiya) using response surface methodology

Modeling and optimization of biosorption of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution onto pine leaves (Pinus kesiya) using response surface methodology

Biosorption optimization, characterization, immobilization and application of Gelidium amansii biomass for complete Pb2+ removal from aqueous solutions

Lead (Pb2+) is among the most toxic heavy metals even in low concentration and cause toxicity to human’s health and other forms of life. It is released into the environment through different industrial activities. The biosorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions by biomass of commonly available, marine alga Gelidium amansii was studied. The effects of different variables on Pb2+ removal were estimated by a two-level Plackett–Burman factorial design to determine the most significant variables affecting Pb2+ removal % from aqueous solutions. Initial pH, Pb2+ concentration and temperature were the most significant factors affecting Pb2+ removal chosen for further optimization using rotatable central composite design. The maximum removal percentage (100%) of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by Gelidium amansii biomass was found under the optimum conditions: initial Pb2+ concentration of 200 mg/L, temperature 45 °C, pH 4.5, Gelidium amansii biomass of 1 g/L and contact time of 60 minutes at static condition. FTIR analysis of algal biomass revealed the presence of carbonyl, methylene, phosphate, carbonate and phenolic groups, which are involved in the Pb2+ ions biosorption process. SEM analysis demonstrates the ability of Gelidium amansii biomass to adsorb and removes Pb2+ from aqueous solution. EDS analysis shows the additional optical absorption peak corresponding to the Pb2+ which confirms the involvement of Gelidium amansii biomass in the adsorption of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution. Immobilized Gelidium amansii biomass was effective in Pb2+ removal (100%) from aqueous solution at an initial concentration of 200 mg/L for 3 h. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that the red marine alga Gelidium amansii biomass is a promising, efficient, ecofriendly, cost-effective and biodegradable biosorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from the environment and wastewater effluents.

Optimization of Cu (II) biosorption onto sea urchin test using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks

Copper biosorption potential of the biomass prepared from shells of sea urchin from aqueous solutions at optimum process conditions was studied. Response surface methodology and artificial neural network combined with central composite design were used for modeling and optimization of biosorption and to study interaction effects of process variables. A two-level three-factor face-centered central composite design was used for the experimental design. The influence of pH, initial copper concentration and biosorbent dosage on biosorption of copper was investigated. Prediction capacities of both models were compared and found that response surface methodology showed better prediction performance than artificial neural networks. Kinetic data were well fitted to second-order rate equation showing maximum biosorption capacity of 15.625 mg/g for 100 mg/l metal solution concentration. It was further confirmed by fitting the data to Elovich model. Biosorption mechanism was investigated using intra-particle diffusion and Boyd models. The optimum copper removal efficiency of the biosorbent was found as 89.09%.

Application of response surface methodology for optimization of biosorption of fluoride from groundwater using Shorea robusta flower petal

Fluoride pollution in groundwater is a major concern in rural areas. The flower petal of Shorea robusta, commonly known as sal tree, is used in the present study both in its native form and Ca-impregnated activated form to eradicate excess fluoride from simulated wastewater. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for experimental designing and analyzing optimum condition for carbonization vis-à-vis calcium impregnation for preparation of adsorbent. During carbonization, temperature, time and weight ratio of calcium chloride to sal flower petal (SFP) have been considered as input factors and percentage removal of fluoride as response. Optimum condition for carbonization has been obtained as temperature, 500 °C; time, 1 h and weight ratio, 2.5 and the sample prepared has been termed as calcium-impregnated carbonized sal flower petal (CCSFP). Optimum condition as analyzed by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method is initial fluoride concentration, 2.91 mg/L; pH 3 and adsorbent dose, 4 g/L. CCSFP shows maximum removal of 98.5% at this condition. RSM has also been used for finding out optimum condition for defluoridation considering initial concentration, pH and adsorbent dose as input parameters. The optimum condition as analyzed by RSM is: initial concentration, 5 mg/L; pH 3.5 and adsorbent dose, 2 g/L. Kinetic and equilibrium data follow Ho pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Adsorption capacity of CCSFP has been found to be 5.465 mg/g. At optimized condition, CCSFP has been found to remove fluoride (80.4%) efficiently from groundwater collected from Bankura district in West Bengal, a fluoride-contaminated province in India.

Biosorption optimization of Ni(II) ions on Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) oil extraction residue using fixed-bed column

Macauba is a palm tree located in Tropical and Subtropical America. The oil extraction process from the pulp and kernel of the Macauba fruit generates two main residues, mesocarp and endocarp. The extraction process produces considerable quantity of residues that can become an environmental issue. The applications of mesocarp as a biosorbent have been reported, but studies involving the endocarp were no longer conducted. The objective of this paper was to study the application of endocarp, without pre-treatment, for Ni(II) biosorption optimization in fixed-bed column employing a factorial experiment. Spectroscopic studies reveled that Ni(II) biosorption can be related to functional hydroxyls and phenols groups on the biosorbent surface. Large particles with irregular surfaces and without defined pores were observed by micrographs. The biosorption optimization showed that the usable capacity of the bed up to the break-point (tu), total time equivalent to the packaging capacity of the column (tt) and total removal (Rt) were affected by both pH and Ni(II) concentration. Mass Transfer Zone (MTZ) was affected only by biosorbent mass. Equilibrium metal uptake (qe) was affected by pH, biosorbent mass and Ni(II) concentration. Thus, it was possible to determine the equations that control the response variables and observe a significant and rapid removal of Ni(II). Kinetics studies exhibited the appropriateness of Pseudo-second-order model to describe the phenomena involved on biosorption kinetics. The results obtained in this paper showed the applicability of Macauba endocarp as a low-cost and environmentally friendly biosorbent for treatment of wastewaters contaminated with Ni(II).

Multi-responses optimization of simultaneous biosorption of cationic dyes by live yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 70562 from binary solution: Application of first order derivative spectrophotometry

Present study is based on application of live yeast Yarrowia lipolytica 70562 as new biosorbent was investigated for the simultaneous biosorption of Crystal Violet (CV) and Brilliant Green (BG) from wastewater. The effect of operating parameters such as initial dye concentrations (6–14mgL−1), solution pH (4.0–8.0) and contact time (4–20h) was investigated by response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and optimization of biosorption process and accordingly the best operational conditions was set as: initial CV and BG concentration of 8.0, and 10mgL−1, pH of 7.0 and contact time of 16h. Above specified conditions lead to achievement of maximum biosorption of 98.823% and 99.927% for CV and BG dyes, respectively. The experimental equilibrium data well explained according to Langmuir isotherm model with maximum biosorption capacity of 65.359 and 56.497mgg−1 for BG and CV, respectively. The second order and intraparticle diffusion models as cooperative mechanism has high efficiency and performance for interpretation of real data.

Biosorption optimization and equilibrium isotherm of industrial dye compounds in novel strains of microscopic fungi

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biosorption capacity of selected strains of microscopic fungi. We optimized the biosorption process and used the Freundlich isotherm for three strains: H. haematococca BwIII43, K37 and T. harzianum BsIII33 to describe the biosorption equilibrium of anthraquinone dye, Alizarin Blue Black B (ABBB) and alkali lignin (AL). In optimal conditions (1 g of mycelium biomass, pH = 7.0, 28 °C) for ABBB and AL sorption, the live biomass of H. haematococca BwIII43 was characterized by a higher sorption capacity, amounting to 247.47 and 161.00 mg g−1, respectively. The highest sorption properties toward anthraquinone dye (K F = 19.96 mg g−1) were shown for the biomass of H. haematococca K37. In the presence of alkali lignin, the highest sorption capacity and bond strength exhibited the biomass of H. haematococca BwIII43 (K F = 28.20 mg g−1, n = 3.46). Effective decolorization of ABBB and AL by the selected strains of microscopic fungi indicated that the biosorption process additionally enhanced the removal of color compounds from the solution.

Optimization of Biosorption of Reactive Blue 222 by Dead Biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus NCIM997 Using Response Surface Methodology

The present investigation deals with utilization of dead fungal biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus NCIM 997 as a low-cost biosorbent and optimization of conditions for the removal of Reactive Blue 222 dye from aqueous solution using sequential statistically designed experiments. Plackett - Burman design with six independent variables (pH, concentration of dye, concentration of biosorbent, temperature, speed of agitation and contact time), was used initially to identify the most significant factors influencing biosorption. Path of Steepest Ascent was then used to move towards the vicinity of optimum operating conditions. Central Composite Design at the specified combinations of four significant factors identified by Plackett–Burman Design (pH, concentration of dye, concentration of biosorbent, contact time) and response surface analysis were then adopted to investigate mutual interactions between these variables and to identify their optimal values. The maximum sorption (72.89 mg g-1) was obtained under following conditions: pH 1.5, initial concentration of dye 88 mgL-1, concentration of biosorbent 1.2 gL-1 and contact time 111 min. Validation experiments showed excellent correlation between predicted and experimental values. The fitted quadratic model was used to arrive at the best operating conditions to achieve a maximum response. The sequential optimization was successfully used to increase biosorption by 12.82%.

The half saturation removal approach and mechanism of Lead (II) removal using eco-friendly industrial fish bone meal waste biosorbent

Lead (II)-laden wastewater from lead acid battery and printed wire board industries are hazardous to human health and environment due to their toxicity and persistent characteristics. This study focuses on eco-friendly industrial Lutjanus erythropterus fish bone meal waste as biosorbent for Lead (II) removal. In this study, the effects of optimization of biosorption, isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic, characterization of biosorbent were investigated, and the characteristics of biosorbent were compared with those of commercial resins. The half saturation removal of biosorbent amount was determined at 0.09 g in order to represent the excessive metal in real industrial wastewater condition compared to biosorbent and to minimize the consumption of chemicals and biosorption operation time. Such approach is supported by optimization results and Langmuir isotherm. Results obtained were better with Freundlich than with Langmuir isotherm, confirming the presence of heterogeneous monolayer with reversible binding sites. The biosorption mean energy inferred that chemisorption occurred in Lead (II) biosorption, and pseudo-second-order kinetics implied that chemisorption mechanism is the rate-limiting factor. Thermodynamic described an endothermic non-spontaneous reaction with reversible bonding between Lead (II) ions and binding sites. Characterization analysis further confirmed a macroporous surface morphology with multi-binding sites of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amide groups which contributed to reversible bonding in chemisorption mechanism. The 85 % of recovery supported reversible binding in chemisorption. The biosorbent is at least 70 times cheaper than resins. Hence, this developed biosorbent is a potential candidate to replace resins and can be used in the pretreatment of industrial wastewater application due to cost effectiveness and low environmental impacts. This study successfully gains an insight into green technology by converting waste to a useable product and zero waste concept by minimizing environmental solid management and pollution control.

Optimization of biosorption of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions with low-cost biomass Trametes versicolor and the evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters

The optimum biosorption conditions for removing Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by naturally powdered Trametes versicolor were successfully evaluated through a multi-step response surface methodology. The conducted experiments were based on a central composite design. The most influential factors on the biosorption process were initial pH (5–6.7), temperature (18–30°C), and initial Zn(II) concentration (30–70 mg L−1). Based on the statistical analysis, the optimum conditions for Zn(II) biosorption were found to be 5.74, 24.57°C, and 60.95 mg L−1 for initial pH, temperature and Zn(II) concentration, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the maximum amount of biosorbed Zn(II) ions was 43.87 mg Zn(II) per g dry cells. The proposed quadratic model fits very well to the experimental data. Furthermore, a Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model described the biosorption of Zn(II) ions on the biosorbent better than the common isotherm models, while kinetic studies showed that Zn(II) biosorption matched pseudo-second-order kinetics. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters, such as the changes in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, were also calculated for the biosorption of Zn(II) ions onto T. versicolor. It was concluded that naturally powdered T. versicolor is a suitable biosorbent for the removal of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions.

Statistical optimization of biosorption of Reactive Orange 13 by dead biomass of Rhizopus arrhizus NCIM 997 using response surface methodology

Background Increasing environmental awareness is forcing waste creators to consider new options such as biosorption for the disposal of colored wastewaters. Due to prohibitive costs of commercially available activated carbon, low-cost biosorbents with high adsorption capacities have gained increasing attention. The present investigation deals with utilization of a low-cost, fungal biosorbent of Rhizopus arrhizus NCIM 997 and optimization of conditions for the removal of Reactive Orange 13 dye from an aqueous solution using sequential statistically designed experiments.

Optimization of biosorption of nickel(II) and cadmium(II) by indigenous seaweed Enteromorpha using response surface methodology

In the present paper, the biosorption capacity of an indigenous seaweed Enteromorpha sp. was assessed and compared for nickel(II) and cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solution. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was employed to achieve the optimum removal conditions as well as investigating the effects of some independent variables on the process performance. It was found that the maximum nickel(II) removal achieved was 87.16% under optimum conditions of pH 4.79, biomass concentration of 1,000 mg/L, contact time 70 min and temperature of 25 °C. For cadmium the optimum conditions were defined as pH 4.88, biomass concentration of 1,000 mg/L, contact time 50 min and temperature fixed at 65 °C which resulted in a maximum 75.16% removal. Equilibrium isotherm studies revealed that Freundlich and Langmuir models were more successful for describing nickel(II) and cadmium(II) biosorption data, respectively. The maximum sorption capacities of biomass, qmax, for nickel(II) and cadmium(II) were predicted as 250 and 167 mg/g, respectively, by the Langmuir model. The results suggest Enteromorpha seaweed as an eco-friendly and suitable biosorbent for nickel(II) and cadmium(II) removal from aqueous solutions.

Biosorption Optimization of Cr(VI) Using Response Surface Methodology and Thermodynamics Modeling onto Azolla filiculoides

A dried Azolla filiculoides (A. filiculoides) biomass was used to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using batch experiments. The influence of pH, algal dosage, initial Cr(VI) concentration, contact time, and temperature were studied and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum biosorption conditions were determined as initial pH 2, at temperature 25°C, biosorbent concentration 0.2 g/l and initial Cr(VI) concentration 200 mg/l. The maximum capacity of A. filiculoides for Cr(VI) ions was found to be 200 mg/g at optimum conditions. The properties of the biosorbent were determined and the nature of biomass–metal ions interactions were evaluated by FTIR analysis, which showed the participation of COOH, OH, SO3, and NH2 groups in the biosorption process. The thermodynamic properties ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° by the Cr(VI) ions for biosorption were analyzed using the equilibrium constant value obtained from experimented data at different temperatures. The results showed that biosorption of Cr(VI) ions by A. filiculoides adsorbent are more endothermic and spontaneous. Kinetic of the system was described by second-order rate equation. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium of system, data fit with the Freundlich isotherm.