Biosorption Of Fluoride Research Articles

Systematic Computational Approaches on Biosorption of Fluoride on Chitin: Crossover from Conventional to Short and Strong Hydrogen Bonds

Systematic Computational Approaches on Biosorption of Fluoride on Chitin: Crossover from Conventional to Short and Strong Hydrogen Bonds

Statistical optimization and characterization of fluoride biosorption using dead microbial biomass

Statistical optimization and characterization of fluoride biosorption using dead microbial biomass

Studying the effects of Aspergillus niger (MF431834) dead biomass on water defluoridation in batch and bed column: Adsorption kinetics, characterization, genotoxicity studies

Fluoride pollution in water caused by biological and anthropogenic activities has been recorded as a significant global issue, posing severe risks to the ecosystem. The present study focuses on the isolated fungus Aspergillus niger (MF431834)-dead biomass served as novel adsorbents for defluorination. The dead fungal mycelium of A. niger was used to study the biosorption of fluoride from an aqueous medium while varying the pH, fluoride concentrations, bio-sorbent concentrations, temperatures, contact periods, and coexisting ions. After the batch experimentation, the maximum fluoride adsorption capacity of 93.85 % was achieved by 0.2 g dosage, a 50-min equilibrium time was predicted as a contact time, considerable fluoride adsorption was observed at 15 mg/L of initial fluoride concentration, the maximum fluoride adsorption of 92 % was achieved by pH 2.0, and NaOH was the best desorption agent. The biosorption of fluoride ion well pseudo-second-order (R20.99) compared to pseudo-first-order and the biosorption equilibrium data were more suited by the Langmuir isotherm than the Freund isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔS°, and ΔH° the biosorption of fluoride ions by endothermic nature. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy examine the biosorption of fluoride by fungal bio-sorbent. Fluoride removal was also significantly attained in the column study with bio-sorbent. The findings demonstrated that A. cepa subjected to untreated polluted fluoride water exhibited chromosome abnormalities, including disorganized, disturbed metaphase, chromosomal displacement in anaphase, aberrant telophase, spindle disturbances, and binucleate cells. The highest chromosomal aberrations and mitotic inhibition were found in roots exposed to contaminated fluoride water. The novelty of this research can be used as a biomarker to identify the genotoxic effects of fluoride water contamination on biota. Hence, the native fungus A. niger exhibits as an effective adsorbent for fluoride elimination, being valuable in the theory and practical management of environmental pollution.

Synthesis and application of alginate-nanocellulose composite beads for defluoridation process in a batch and fluidized bed reactor

Electronegative Fluorine has great reactivity and it exists as organic or inorganic fluoride compounds. Biosorption feasibility of fluoride onto alginate-cellulose composites was investigated in this study. Extracted cellulose has been utilized to synthesize calcium alginate impregnated composite beads for fluoride remediation process in batch and fluidized-bed reactors. Physiochemical characteristics were analyzed by FTIR, SEM, TGA and BET. From the BET properties analysis, the surface area of prepared composite beads was 87.13 m2/g. The point zero charge (PZC) value of composite beads was attained at pH 7.32. The relationship between biosorption efficiency and independent variables have been observed to evaluate the effects on the fluoride biosorption efficiency of composites and its components. The hypothetical development of the removal technique has been explained using various nonlinear model-fitting methods to evaluate Isotherm study, bio-sorption Kinetics, Thermodynamic parameters and Mass transfer study. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) obtained by following Langmuir model for fluoride removal was found to be 23.809 mg/g at 30 °C using adsorbent dosage of 2 g/L for an initial fluoride concentration of 6 mg/L. The optimized condition for fluoride adsorption experiment was observed by evaluating response surface methodology (RSM) was pH-5.67, dose 1.89 g/L and time 85.71 min and removal was found as 82.79%. Experimental data of fluidized-bed study were evaluated by designing mathematical modeling. Fluidization velocities was adjusted in between Umf and 2Umf for optimizing external mass transfer and adsorbent loss. Regeneration study of fluoride loaded biosorbent and cost analysis of composite production have been estimated.

Fluoride Bio-Sorption Efficiency and Antimicrobial Potency of Macadamia Nut Shells.

This paper presents the potential application of macadamia nut shells (MNS) in the bio-sorption of fluoride and its antimicrobial potency against common pathogens encountered in surface water resources. The efficiency of MNS in the sorption of fluoride was determined using batch mode experiments, while the antimicrobial potency was investigated using the well disc diffusion assay method. The maximum fluoride sorption capacity of 1.26 mg/g was recorded at an initial fluoride concentration of 5 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/100 mL, contact time of 120 min and initial pH of 6. The adsorption kinetics data were better described with a pseudo second order model, indicating the dominance of the chemisorption mechanisms. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model described the isotherm data suggesting a monolayered adsorption. The thermodynamic parameters, ∆Gº and ∆Hº, confirmed that F− sorption by MNS is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The bio-sorbent was regenerated for seven continuous cycles when HCl was used as regenerating solution. The antimicrobial studies revealed that MNS has minimal activity towards Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The MNS showed potentials for application in bio-sorption of fluoride. However, the doping of MNS with metal ions is recommended to enhance its anti-microbial potency.

Senna auriculata L. flower petal biomass: An alternative green biosorbent for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions

Fluoride contamination in groundwater is a major concern in many parts of India and all over the world. Researches paying attention for the removal of fluoride through the application of biosorbents prepared from different parts of plants are finding greater scope and importance. The present research work focuses on Senna auriculata L., flower petal biomass as biosorbent, and evaluated its feasibility for fluoride ion elimination from aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were conducted to remove fluoride under different experimental conditions have been optimized for the maximum removal of fluoride; 80% removal was observed at pH: 6, sorbent dosage: 0.25 g/100 mL, time of agitation: 90 min, and initial concentration of the fluoride ions: 5 mg/L. Characterization studies of the biosorbent revealed its favorability towards the sorption of fluoride. In the isothermal modeling studies, Langmuir isotherm model was obeyed by the biosorption process with R2 value of 0.98 and from a kinetic perspective, the biosorption of fluoride onto the biosorbent observed the pseudo-second-order reaction with R2 value of 0.98. The developed biosorbent has been applied to real field fluoride-contaminated water samples and found to be successful.

Biosorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions by Rhizopus oryzae: Isotherm and kinetic evaluation

AbstractRemoval of high fluoride contents from aqueous solutions by inexpensive, and biocompatible biosorbent is a main concern for human health. In the present study the efficacy of Rhizopus oryzae fungal biomass in removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions considering the effects of different parameters such as contact time (10–180 min), initial fluoride concentration (2–10 mg/L), and biosorbent dose (0.25–2 g/L) was studied in a batch system. The optimum condition for the maximum fluoride biosorption (90.5%) was obtained at 2 g/L biosorbent dose, 30 min contact time and 2 mg/L initial fluoride concentration. The Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9844) fitted better than the other models and showed a homogeneous biosorption surface with the possibility of a monolayer biosorption of fluoride by biosorbent. The Langmuir maximum biosorption capacity of fluoride for R. oryzae was obtained at 1.16 mg/g. The biosorption kinetic was controlled by the pseudo‐second‐order (R2 = 0.9999) model and based on the intra‐particle diffusion model; the fluoride biosorption rate was not controlled only by the mechanisms of intra‐particle diffusion. Consequently, the results showed that fungal biomass can be used as a suitable biosorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions.

An Experimental Study on Biosorption of Fluoride from Water Using LocallyObtained Moringa Oleifera Seeds

Moringa Oleifera is considered to be a natural bio-adsorbent. Unlike chemical coagulants, Moringa Oleifera seeds are environment friendly with various other advantages. The present study investigated the fluoride removal efficiency of Moringa Oleifera from water. Influence of adsorbent dose (1, 2, 4 g/L), contact time (20, 40 and 60 min) and initial fluoride concentration (2 and 5 mg/L) over removal efficiency were determined and optimized. It was found that increased adsorbent dose and contact time enhanced the removal efficiency which is in agreement with the previous studies. The highest removal of 88.1% was achieved when the adsorbent dose and contact time were optimized to 4 g/L and 60 minutes with an initial fluoride concentration of 2 mg/L. The results showed that Moringa Oleifera can be used as an environment friendly, cheap and effective bio-adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solution. All the experimental facilities were provided by Bio-Fuel Lab, Energy & Environment Department, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan. The samples were analyzed at the Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Tando Jam, Pakistan.

Enhanced biosorption of fluoride by extracted nanocellulose/polyvinyl alcohol composite in batch and fixed-bed system: ANN analysis and numerical modeling.

The present investigation attempted to examine the defluoridation feasibility onto the extracted nanocellulose/PVA polymer composites. Nanocellulose were derived from sugarcane bagasse and blended with PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) polymer matrix. The defluoridation potential of nanocellulose/PVA was observed to be significantly dependent on the various operational factors including pH, time interval, etc. the Temkin isotherm (R2 = 0.989) as well as the Langmuir isotherm equation (R2 = 0.982) could well fit with the investigational data. Following the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity for fluoride elimination at 25°C was obtained as 11.363 mg g-1. The nature of rate-limiting steps involved in defluoridation process might be effectively predicted by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Values of thermodynamic state properties achieved as of the thermodynamic analysis showed that the defluoridation process was spontaneous, exothermic, and feasible. The diffusion and mass transfer study were estimated by following the Boyd's model. Average effective diffusion coefficient (De) at various initial fluoride concentrations (4-10 mg L-1) was obtained as 15.3343×10-7 m2s-1 and the estimated magnitude of the mass-transfer coefficient (Kf) was 0.0346×10-9 m s-1 (temperature = 298 K, C0= 6 mgL-1). An ANN (artificial neural network) model applied to optimize and simulate the defluoridation procedure. Furthermore, continuous flow column reactor was conducted to investigate the practical applicability of composites in the defluoridation process. The Yoon-Nelson and the Thomas model exhibited excellent conformity with the breakthrough curves. Nanocellulose/PVA satisfactorily eliminated fluoride from its aqueous solution and can be considered as a suitable bio-sorbent for defluoridation.

Activated tamarind seed coat: a green biosorbent to remove fluoride from aqueous solutions

Abstract A novel, inexpensive, easily available and eco-friendly biosorbent, Tamarindus indica activated seed coat, has been evaluated for its capability to remove fluoride from water. Batch experiments were carried out to study the effect of various parameters affecting the biosorption such as pH (2–10), biosorbent dose (0.05 g/L to 0.35 g/L), contact time (10–80 min) and initial fluoride concentration (0.001–0.006 g/L) for the biosorption of fluoride at room temperature. The maximum removal of fluoride was found at pH 6, biosorbent dose 0.3 g and contact time 60 min. Physicochemical characterization studies revealed the suitable morphology and chemical functional groups present on the biosorbent. Isothermal data agreed well with the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model with R2 value 0.976 and KL 0.1. The biosorption interface of fluoride onto Tamarindus indica activated seed coat obeyed the pseudo-second-order rate equation with R2 0.976. The present study demonstrates that Tamarindus indica activated seed coat can effectively remediate fluoride-contaminated water.

Experimental study of biosorption of fluoride by immobilized beads of zeolite NaA and Nostoc sp. (BTA394) using a continuous flow system

AbstractThe current experiment investigated the fluoride sorptive efficacies of immobilized beads of zeolite NaA and Nostoc sp. (BTA394) from simulated wastewater in column reactor. Influence of crucial kinetic parameters viz. initial concentration (10, 15, and 20 mg/L), bed height (4, 6, and 8 cm) and flow rate (2, 4, and 6 ml/min) on F− uptake was examined. Influence of these parameters on breakthrough curves was also determined. These breakthrough curves were further estimated by Adams–Bohart's and Thomas models. Spent column was eluted with 0.01 M NaCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2SO4, or NaOH solution to assess column regeneration efficacy. The Thomas model satisfactorily explained the sorption dynamics but Adams–Bohart model could only explicate preliminary portion of the column sorption mechanism. The exhaustion and breakthrough time shortened with increased flow rate, decreased bed height and increased F− concentration. Safe disposal of spent biosorbents were also performed. From the results obtained, it can be said that these biosorbents could be used effectively in treatment of simulated wastewater in continuous flow, although further experiments are being carried out to assess their defluoridation capabilities for real wastewater in large‐scale operations.

Zirconium Alginate Beads: A Renewable Source for the Biosorption of Fluoride from Contaminated Ground Water

In view of the fluoride induced toxic effects on human health; an effective and simple biosorption method was developed for fluoride laden groundwater using zirconium alginate beads. The various parameters affecting the batch adsorption in fluoride spiked groundwater such as initial fluoride concentration (2.5-10 mg/L), residence time (10-120 min) and pH (5, 7, 9) were studied. The fluoride concentration in the solutions was measured by spectrophotometry at 550 nm using in-house developed zirconyl-xylenol orange complex reagent. The biosorbent was characterized with techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDX). At pH 5, 7 and 9; fluoride removal of 90.5, 46.6 and 88.8% by the biosorbent was noted in groundwater spiked with 10 mg/L of fluoride, within 30 min. Thus, the zirconium alginate beads were found to be potential biosorbents for remediation of groundwater contaminated with fluoride. Further studies are going on to find out the reusability of the developed biosorbent at field conditions. The biosorption mechanism was derived from sorption studies, FTIR, SEM and EDXRF techniques.

Application of statistical response surface methodology for optimization of fluoride removal efficiency by Padina sp. alga.

Human exposure to fluoride in drink water at a level above 1.5mg/L causes a lot of health problems. The present study was carried out to assess the fluoride biosorption capability of Padina sp. alga as biosorbent material using conventional one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and Box-Behnken design to optimize the process. By OFAT, fluoride uptake was significantly affected by pH, time, fluoride concentration, and biosorbent dose (p-value<0.05) and the highest fluoride biosorption (85.95%) was recorded at pH 7, time 60min, fluoride concentration 2g/L, and an adsorbent dose 30g/L. Based on the Box-Behnken design, the quadratic model was developed to correlate the variables to the response. By Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), the model was statistically significant (p-value<0.05). It was suggested that optimal values of pH, time, fluoride concentration, and biosorbent dose were 5, 90min, 3mg/L, and 30g/L, respectively, and fluoride removal at these optimum conditions was 94.57%. For application, Padina sp. was removed from 67.79% to 78.78% of fluoride in collected groundwater samples. It was concluded that the Padina sp. could be used as eco-friendly biosorbent for fluoride and response surface methodology was more applicable and effective in optimization to obtain the highest removal efficiency of fluoride by Padina sp. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The fluoride biosorption was studied using Padina sp. alga as an eco-friendly biosorbent. By one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), the highest fluoride biosorption rate was 85.95%. Response surface methodology was suggested that maximum Fluoride removal at optimum condition was 94.57%. Statistical response surface methodology was more applicable, effective in optimization and considered the interaction between factors.

Sustainable Bio-Adsorbent for Treatment of Nitrate, Fluoride and TDS in Groundwater

The quality of groundwater and surface water bodies have been analyzed globally and showed that 23% of primary drinking water sources have more than permissible limits of pollutants’ concentration. A major part of the world suffers from high concentrations of Nitrate, Fluoride and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking water. Therefore, the present work focuses on the treatment of these three parameters. There are many processes available to remove and reduce the higher concentration of the aforesaid pollutants in water with advantages and disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages of these processes is the sustainability and availability of treating materials. In this regard, the work explores different agricultural materials (nine to be exact) for reduction of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS in water. It is found that most of the materials have the potential to reduce either of one contaminant. However, only potato gel has shown potential in reduction of all three contaminants', i.e. Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS, concentration. The Isotherm plots indicate that Nitrate and TDS biosorption mechanism follows the Langmuir Isotherm while Fluoride biosorption follows the Freundlich Isotherm. Optimization is carried out, using batch and continuous study, in terms of time and mass of adsorbent against the concentration of the contaminant. Adsorption column tests indicate the reduction of 89%, 92% and 86% in the concentration of Fluoride, Nitrate and TDS respectively by potato gel.

Batch and column approach on biosorption of fluoride from aqueous medium using live, dead and various pretreated Aspergillus niger (FS18) biomass

In this study, Aspergillus niger (FS18) was used to remove the fluoride from aqueous medium. Batch and column mode studies were carried out to investigate the effect of different conditions such as live biomass, dead biomass, various pretreated biomass and immobilized fungal biomass on the removal of fluoride removal. The results showed that the maximum removal of fluoride was attained at 30–80 min using dead fungal biomass when compared to live and various pretreated biomass. The fluoride removal was noted somewhat in the aqueous medium using formaldehyde and acid treated biomass when compared to calcium treated fungal biomass. The experimental data was fitted with pseudo second order when compared to pseudo first order. In column study, the maximum fluoride adsorption capacity of 89% was observed. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXA) techniques were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism of dead fungal biosorbent. Findings of this work suggested that dead fungal biomass could be a suitable sorbent for the removal of fluoride in aqueous solution.

Effective Parameters, Equilibrium, and Kinetics of Fluoride Adsorption on Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini Leaves

This study was designed to present a facile and effective biosorbent from Prosopis cineraria and Syzygium cumini leave (PCL and SCL) for fluoride removal. The test was done in batch mode and the effect of contact time (5, 25, 60, 90, and 120 min), initial fluoride concentration level (3, 5, 8, and 12 mg/L), and biosorbent dose (1, 3, 5, 10, and 25 g/L) on the biosorption process were examined. The optimum conditions for the maximum fluoride removal were occurred at 1 g/L biosorbent dose and contact time of 120 (for PCL) and 90 min (for SCL). The results suggested that the pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir isotherm models described the experimental data well. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride for PCL and SCL was attained 11.52 and 7.4 mg/g, respectively. Based on Boyd and intra‐diffusion models, the biosorption of fluoride onto PCL and SCL was mainly controlled by film‐diffusion. The study revealed the potential use of PCL and SCL as two new effective biosorbents for the removal of fluoride from aqueous solution. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: S429–S440, 2019

Application of Taguchi method for optimizing the process parameters for the removal of fluoride by Al-impregnated Eucalyptus bark ash

A study on the adsorption of fluoride onto Al-impregnated Eucalyptus bark ash (Al-IEBA) was conducted and the process parameters were optimized using Taguchi L27 (ANOM) experimental design for maximizing the percentage removal of fluoride. The operating parameters including initial concentration (5–50 mg/L); pH (2–9); contact time (5–30 min); adsorbent dose (0.05–0.2 g/50 mL); and temperature (27–60 °C) were considered. Optimal experimental condition was determined by calculated signal-to-noise ratios. The best conditions for biosorption of fluoride were evaluated as initial fluoride concentration 50 mg/L; pH 2.0; adsorbent dose 0.1 g/50 mL; contact time 30 min and temperature 27 °C. Furthermore, isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic study were performed to establish the fluoride adsorption mechanism. The experimental data fitted with the three isotherm models and it was found that Freundlich model nicely fitted (R2 = 0.996) with the equilibrium data than Langumir and D–R isotherms. Similarly, kinetics data suggests that the pseudo-first-order model is best fitted (R2 = 0.911) than pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. On the other hand, thermodynamic data suggest that the adsorption of fluoride thermodynamically favourable at lower temperature. The active functional groups and surface morphology of the adsorbent was assessed by FTIR and SEM study. The optimization results suggest the best fluoride adsorption achieved at initial F concentration 11.11 mg/L, pH 10.69, adsorbent dose 10.21 g/L, contact time 10.89 min, and temperature 10.37 °C. The results obtained showed that sorption on the Al-IEBA could be an effective adsorbent for the removal of fluoride.

Biosorptive removal of fluoride from aqueous solution onto newly developed biosorbent from Ficus benghalensis leaf: Evaluation of equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics

Need for developing an effective defluoridation method using locally available resources and recycling of agriculture waste is still encouraging the researchers for achieving sustainability. Greater attention was shown towards developing biosorbent for deflouridation utilisation of locally available plant biomass such as leaves. Present research envisages on developing a novel biosorbent from Ficus benghalensis leaf and tests its feasibility for removal of fluoride. Batch mode experimentations are conducted to evaluate its feasibility and determine the equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of this biosorption process. The study revealed that the biosorption of fluoride onto this newly developed Ficus benghalensis leaf biosorbent obeys Langmuir isotherm with constants 'a' and 'b' calculated to be 2.242 mg/g and 0.647 L/mg at biosorbent dose of 8 g/L and temperature 26 ± 1ºC. The kinetic study indicates sorption data fits fine with Pseudo-second order kinetic model with kinetic constant calculated as K2 0.277 g/mg min at equilibrium contact period of 90 min. The thermodynamic study points out the spontaneous and endothermic nature of fluoride sorption with ΔH= 15.497 KJ/mol. Advanced analysis viz BET, SEM, and FTIR were done to know the characteristic of the newly developed biosorbent. When this biosorbent was tested on field groundwater sample, the efficacy for fluoride removal was found to be around 90%, and the concentration for treated water is well within drinking water standards for fluoride.

Biosorption of Fluoride from Water by Fabricated Chitosan Doped Graphite Novel Composite

Biosorption of Fluoride from Water by Fabricated Chitosan Doped Graphite Novel Composite

Analysis of equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters for biosorption of fluoride from water onto coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) root developed adsorbent

Abstract Drinking water with higher fluoride levels results in serious irremediable health problems that have attained a startle all over the world. Researches focused towards deflouridation through the application of biosorbents prepared from various plants are finding greater scope and significance. Present research is done on Cocos nucifera Linn. (coconut tree) one of the very commonly available plants throughout Kerala and around the globe. An adsorbent developed from the root portion of C. nucifera Linn. is used in the present study. Equilibrium study revealed that the fluoride uptake capacity is quite significant and linearly increases with initial adsorbate concentration. The adsorption data is analyzed for Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models at varying initial adsorbate concentrations (2–25 mg·L− 1). It is found that the adsorption of fluoride onto C. nucifera Linn. root adsorbent follows Langmuir isotherm. Langmuir isotherm constants “a” and “b” obtained are 2.037 mg·g− 1 and 0.823 L·mg− 1 at an adsorbent dose of 8 g·L− 1 and temperature (26 ± 1) °C. The mean free sorption energy, E obtained, is 9.13 kJ·mol− 1 which points out that the adsorption of fluoride onto C. nucifera Linn. root adsorbent is by chemisorption mechanism. The kinetic study also supports chemisorption with adsorption data fitting well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with an estimated rate constant K2 of 0.2935 g·mg− 1 min at an equilibrium contact time of 90 min. The thermodynamic study indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature (ΔH = 12.728 kJ·mol− 1) of fluoride adsorption onto the C. nucifera Linn. root adsorbent. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), BET, FTIR, and EDX methods were used to analyze the surface morphology of adsorbent before and after fluoride adsorption process. Experiments on deflouridation using C. nucifera Linn. root adsorbent application on fluoride contaminated ground water samples from fields showed encouraging results.