Biosecurity Research Articles

ADBCAP: A Human Approach to Improving Biosecurity

ADBCAP: A Human Approach to Improving Biosecurity

Australia’s On-Farm Grain Storage Extension Project – a national initiative improving stored grain pest management and maintaining phosphine fumigation efficacy on-farm for the Australian grains industry.: Presentation

Phosphine’s continued use in Australia to control grain insect pests in on-farm and central storage systems is threatened through increased resistance in both frequency and strength in target insect pests. Effective fumigation combined with best practice integrated pest management is essential to the sustainability of grain biosecurity, food safety, quality assurance and market access for Australian post-harvest grain systems. The National Stored Grain Extension Program (NSGEP) is an industry funded initiative developed to facilitate best practice in grain storage management within Australia’s grains industry. The NGSEP uses a multi approach engagement strategy and a variety of adult learning principles and training techniques aimed at increasing awareness and knowledge to build capacity and support to enable farmers and industry to manage their grain storage systems and meet best practice and market requirements. These include: training workshops, field days, practical demonstrations, industry forums, multi-media and website development and building networks with grower groups, government agencies and agribusiness. Various evaluation methods have shown that awareness and adoption of best practice in on-farm grain storage management has increased. Key outcomes include increased knowledge in insect identification and skills development and practice change in the management of grain hygiene, aeration, phosphine application, silo testing and planning of storage systems. The NSGEP contributes to the positive on-going changes observed in Australia’s on-farm grain storage systems, primarily through the specialized extension network of information, support and training provided that is highly regarded and in demand. It plays an instrumental role in building capacity and maintaining phosphine fumigation efficacy in the Australian grains industry.

Application of gene editing technology in behavioral medicine and its regulatory policy

Gene editing technology has a broad development prospect in medical research and application, and it is a frontier hot spot in the field of biomedical research worldwide, especially in the field of behavioral medicine, making it possible to treat and prevent major diseases such as brain diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and behavioral psychology diseases.But we must recognize that gene-editing technology poses new threats to bio-security while benefiting humanity.This paper summarizes the development and application prospect of gene editing technology in the field of behavioral medicine, summarizes the ethical and relevant institutional problems and international regulatory policies faced by the rapid development of gene editing technology, and finally puts forward relevant regulatory suggestions for the development of gene editing technology. Key words: Gene editing; Behavioral medicine; Application prospect; Regulatory policies

Conocimientos y actitudes de adherencia a la bioseguridad hospitalaria. Hospital I Moche – EsSalud

Conocimientos y actitudes de adherencia a la bioseguridad hospitalaria. Hospital I Moche – EsSalud

Biometric Jewelry to Rule Digital Life

Modernized world has landed each and every creature of the world in a very securable environment which has paved a long way for the significance of keeping every individual in a secured place. One such modernization in providing the security is done by bio metrics. Trying to use bio metrics, a company called Token; is specialized for providing bio metric security. As an initiative to the bio metric security the company has launched a bio metric ring called Token ring which is forth coming bio metric jewelry to rule the digital life. This Token ring provides access to everything starting from the credit cards, used as door lockers and manages the passwords. It is a two factor jewelry that has fingerprint sensor which is the foremost feature that makes the ring a smart ring.

Classical swine fever and its current status in India: A review

Classical swine fever (CSF) is one of the most important economically damaging diseases of pigs and it is endemic in India. The disease has been reported from almost all the pig producing states of India. Besides domestic pigs, the disease has been reported from wild pigs and pigmy hog. A shift in the sub-genotypes of CSFV has also been observed, sub-genotype 1.1 was predominant in India, but in the last few years emergence of new sub-genotypes 2.1 and 2.2 has been reported. Newer diagnostic techniques have been developed for rapid diagnosis of the disease. The North Eastern Region (NER) of India which possesses about 40% of the country's pig is facing serious problem due to regular occurrence of the disease. Due to increasing demand for pork in the NER there is unrestricted movement of pigs from other states of India and also across the international borders. Majority of the pig farming in India is in the unorganised sector and the animals are being reared under poor bio security and vaccination coverage. In the absence of readily available quality vaccines is one of the major constraints faced by the pig rearers to protect their animals against the disease. Control of CSF in India is urgent necessity to boost the morale of the pig farmers and to sustain pig production.

An epidemological study on Peste des petits ruminants in Tripoli Region, Lybia.

A cross‑sectional study was conducted in Libya in 7 areas of Tripoli to determine the seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus (PPRV) in small ruminants (sheep and goats) between June and August 2013, and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the infection. The study involved 10% of small ruminant herds with ≥50 animals in the Tripoli region. They were selected randomly (15 herds), and 35 to 58 samples, depending on its size, were collected from each selected herd. Seven‑hundred and twenty‑one serum samples from unvaccinated animals (601 of sheep and 120 of goats) were collected and then tested using cELISA commercial kit in the National Center of Animal Health Laboratory in Tripoli, Libya. The overall seroprevalence was 46.7% [(sheep 44.3% (266/601) and goats 59.2% (71/120)]. Mean within‑herd prevalence was 48.5% (95% CI: 32.1% ‑ 64.8%), and the herd prevalence was 93.3% (14/15). Various risk factors at the animal and herd levels were analysed by multivariable logistic regression model (forward stepwise). The results identified breed, source of animal, and region as significant risk factors (p< 0.05). As for the source of new animal to the farm, PPRV seroprevalence was highest in illegally imported animals (90.9%), followed by the seroprevalence in animal legitimately acquired (55.8%), and by the seroprevalence in animals belonging to the same herd (4.7%). The seroprevalence among breeds was 69.5% (228÷328) in illegally imported animals, whereas 27.7% (109÷393) was found to be in local breed. Seroprevalence in the areas considered in this study was higher (66.2%) in Al‑Mashroa area followed by Ein‑zara (57.8%), Arada (50%), Ben‑Own (47%), AL‑Naem (37.5), Ber‑Alalem (24.5) and in Tajora (0%). The results indicated that PPRV virus was actively circulating in Tripoli regions and that the illegal importing of animals was the main source of spreading PPR in Tripoli regions, showing that better efforts should be made to raise public awareness with respect to biosecurity.

Bio(in)security, scientific expertise, and the politics of post-disarmament in the biological weapons regime

The increasing focus on new biological risks and threats together with unsatisfactory progress in international negotiations about biological disarmament have opened up new questions about the further development of the biological weapons regime. The present paper focuses on the politics of biological (post-)disarmament from the perspective of critical security studies and scrutinizes the changing role of scientific experts in relation to the shifting understanding of the threat of bioweapons. Specifically, it argues that the move toward a networked approach to biosecurity governance relying on an increasing role of experts and nonstate actors may be read in the context of a broader insecuritization of biological risks and threats and the evolution of new techniques of government. Drawing on sociological approaches in security studies, the paper unfolds the connections between the construction of biosecurity and the politics of expertise and explores the changing role of scientific experts in biological disarmament. The paper also finds that the attempts to manage bio-insecurity create demand for new types of expertise and empower actors with a specific form of knowledge who can navigate in the changed structural environment, and enable new forms of governing security.

Quasiexperimental Study: Educational impact to improve knowledge, attitudes and practices in biosecurity in the emergency of Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital and Homero Castanier Hospital, 2015

INTRODUCCION: El area de emergencia es un lugar donde los cuadros dramaticos y la falta de tiempo predisponen a incumplir las normas de bioseguridad y sufrir accidentes laborales. Se plantea como objetivo determinar el impacto de la aplicacion de un programa educativo para mejorar los Conocimientos, Actitudes y Practicas del personal medico que labora en el servicio de trauma y emergencias del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso Cuenca-Ecuador y el Hospital Homero Castaner Crespo Azogues-Ecuador, en el ano 2015. METODO: Se trato de un estudio cuasiexperimental. El universo incluyo al personal medico de emergencia. Se realizo un calculo muestral no probabilistico por cuotas con 76 participantes, se dividio proporcionalmente en 2 grupos: experimental y control. Primero se evaluo los CAPs en ambos grupos, y se utilizo un test validado. Despues se ejecuto de forma simultanea los programas educativos, en el grupo intervencion por simulacion y en el grupo control por entrega de informacion (hojas volantes informativas o tripticos). Al final se analizo el impacto de cada programa. Se utilizo medidas estadisticas de asociacion y efecto como riesgo relativo, intervalo de confianza de 95 %, T student, numero necesario a tratar, chi cuadrado, McNemar y p valor de 0.05 para definir significancia estadistica. RESULTADOS: Participaron 98 personas. La mayoria de participantes fue de sexo femenino (51.3 %), la media de edad fue de 28.6 anos. El 64.5 % de los participantes eran solteros/as. El aprendizaje basado en simulacro se mostro efectivo al mejorar los conocimientos de 68.4 % a 81.6 % (diferencia de 26.3), respecto al grupo que recibio tripticos con 47.4 % a 55.3 % (diferencia de 10.6 %), encontrandose una diferencia estadisticamente significativa con un p valor: 0.026, y riesgo relativo de: 1.48 (IC: 1.07 – 2.04). CONCLUSIONES: El metodo basado en simulacion fue eficaz para mejorar los conocimientos y practicas en bioseguridad del personal medico que trabaja en el area de emergencias. *DESCRIPTORES DeCS: EXPOSICION A AGENTES BIOLOGICOS, URGENCIAS MEDICAS, EJERCICIO DE SIMULACION, SERVICIOS MEDICOS DE URGENCIA, CONOCIMIENTOS, ACTITUDES Y PRACTICAS EN SALUD.

Viruses infecting marine molluscs.

Although a wide range of viruses have been reported in marine molluscs, most of these reports rely on ultrastructural examination and few of these viruses have been fully characterized. The lack of marine mollusc cell lines restricts virus isolation capacities and subsequent characterization works. Our current knowledge is mostly restricted to viruses affecting farmed species such as oysters Crassostrea gigas, abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta or the scallop Chlamys farreri. Molecular approaches which are needed to identify virus affiliation have been carried out for a small number of viruses, most of them belonging to the Herpesviridae and birnaviridae families. These last years, the use of New Generation Sequencing approach has allowed increasing the number of sequenced viral genomes and has improved our capacity to investigate the diversity of viruses infecting marine molluscs. This new information has in turn allowed designing more efficient diagnostic tools. Moreover, the development of experimental infection protocols has answered some questions regarding the pathogenesis of these viruses and their interactions with their hosts. Control and management of viral diseases in molluscs mostly involve active surveillance, implementation of effective bio security measures and development of breeding programs. However factors triggering pathogen development and the life cycle and status of the viruses outside their mollusc hosts still need further investigations.

Bio security in Aquaculture Production to Bring Sustainability in Blue Revolution

Bio security in Aquaculture Production to Bring Sustainability in Blue Revolution

AQUACULTURE HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND BIOSECURITY PRACTISES IN SOUTH WEST OF BANGLADESH

Bangladesh is now the world fourth largest inland fish producer and more than half of it comes from aquaculture according to 2012 ranking. The shrimp and prawn industry has gained an important place in the national economy and is the third highest foreign income earner. Concomitant with the growth of the shrimp and prawn culture industry has been the recognition of the ever increasing importance of disease, especially those caused by infectious agents. Few studies have aimed to identify the perception of risk and risk management strategies for small scale aquaculture facilities. The aim of this study was to understand existing health management practices in regards to water management practices and salinity in southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. Questionnaires were specifically designed to gather information on shrimp and prawn culture systems and multiple variables relating to disease outbreaks. A total of eight variables related to health management practices throughout production cycle were investigated comprising location of farm from primary source of water, pond preparation technique, water management practices, in-pond nursing of post larvae (PL), source of PL, salinity level, stocking density and bio security practices. The results found that sharing of water source with other farms, non tested PL, high salinity level, shallow pond, lack of in-pond nursing were considered as diseases risk factors for poly-culture farming system. Furthermore, rainy season (June-August) is risk factors for diseases outbreak because sudden change of salinity level and drop temperature due to rain and freshwater upstream flow. However, risk factors are not direct causes of mortality; instead, risk factors contribute to mortality.

Cultural Stewardship Accountability of Seed Bank Institutions for Indigenous Knowledge

A growing emphasis among seed banks in Australia and globally is the collection of seed and information associated with wild crop relatives of food and fodder crops. This is part of scientific efforts to store and document plant traits that may prove useful to deal with risks to food and bio security in the face of global climate changes. This has implications for indigenous communities because of the risk that indigenous knowledge may be collected and included as ‘data’ rather than as knowledge with significant cultural tethering. This articl provides a theoretical context for institutional seed banks to engage with indigenous people and specify indigenous knowledge stewardship accountability. This should help seed banks to operate with sensitivity to cultural wellbeing and minimise the risks from failure to satisfy accountability for indigenous knowledge stewardship. The article identifies four interrelated dimensions of indigenous knowledge stewardship, and identifies a tentative process for institutions to adapt this to indigenous knowledge stewardship strategy and practice. The process for realising indigenous knowledge stewardship accountability is the subject of further research.

The importance of biosecurity

The importance of biosecurity

Poultry production systems and its feed resources in Ethiopia: a research review

This study was done with the objective of assessing the current poultry production system, feed resources and provides valuable information for researchers, producers, instructors and policy makers in Ethiopia. The review was done deeply with original research findings of different scholars working on poultry. This study revealed that there are three poultry production systems classified based on the input, flock size, health and bio-security measures (village poultry production, small scale and commercial production systems). The main poultry feed resources in the country are household wastes, cereal grains and their by-products, industrial by products, oil seed cakes and non-conventional feed resources. There is shortage of commercial feed resources and processing meals thought it is expensive. In conclusion, the most common production system practiced in the major farming community is the village production system with irregular supplementation of cereal grains Therefore, investors and government institutions should avail the concentrate feeds with affordable price to improve the production and productivity of poultry in Ethiopia.

Biosecurity board grapples with how to rein in risky flu studies

Biosecurity board grapples with how to rein in risky flu studies

Developments in Biosecurity in the Netherlands.

Developments in Biosecurity in the Netherlands.

A Study on Influencing Factors to Affect the Economic Status of Layer Poultry Farmers in Namakkal District of Tamilnadu

Poultry industry is one of the fastest growing segments of the agricultural sector in India. The important aspect of poultry development in India is the significant variation in the industry across different regions. Namakkal poultry farmers faced many constraints in poultry egg production due to climate factor, disease outbreak, poor quality of chicks, lack of quality feed and, Bio security, seasonal variations in egg prices and demand, poor infrastructural facility. The economic status of Namakkal poultry farmers highly influenced by the above said factors in day-today life. Among these factors, the climatic factor ranks first in affecting the economic status of poultry farmers. This factor influences the prices of the eggs, productivity of eggs. We conclude that if the poultry farm is not affected by climatic factor, the revenue would be more throughout the year. This study suggests that the poultry farmers may adopt a suitable precautionary method to prevent the outbreaks by climatic factor. Then the economic status of the poultry farmers will be in equilibrium.

Poultry Industry in Bangladesh: Issues and Challenges

With the development of poultry industry in nineteenth decade, this industry had to face many ups and down conditions. Day by day approximate 3-4 percent of its contribution on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). A large number of people were engaged in poultry sectors as a freedom business. This study was conducted to find out the present situation and future challenges of poultry industry. In this study, data were collected from 20 reputed poultry farms located in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh using a pretested interview questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by using statistical package on social science. The results showed statistical table with explanation so that the reader could easily realize the outcome for the study. Some challenges such as lack of inclusive poultry policy principle, technical know-how, shortage of capital, maintenance of bio security, operation management, lack of trained manpower, lack of proper management information system, lack of adequate laboratory testing facility, improper handling of medicine and vaccine, disaster management, the dependence on the channel members, neighboring country threat, seasonal fluctuation, backdated marketing strategy etc. were found from this study. Based on findings, recommendations were made on some major issues like poultry guiding principle, technological efficiency, proper registration system, bio-security, management information system, laboratory testing facility, mechanical and managerial training, symbiotic and incorporated union, protection of consumer rights, financing for small farmers, professional distribution system etc.

Methodology implementation in order to evaluate the biological risks in the Centre for Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias of Cuba: a biosecurity surveillance method

espanolIntroduccion: El Centro para la Investigacion y Rehabilitacion de las Ataxias Hereditarias presenta riesgo biologico, sin embargo no tiene implementado un sistema de bioseguridad. Objetivo: Aplicar la metodologia para evaluar este tipo de riesgo. Materiales y Metodos: Entrevistas con los trabajadores del centro y el empleo de la metodologia disenada por Cobos, 2009. Resultados: Cincuenta y tres riesgos biologicos fueron identificados y evaluados, de ellos 32 moderados, 18 tolerables y 3 triviales. Esta clasificacion es muy importante para establecer prioridades para su gestion, ademas representa una manera de establecer vigilancia en bioseguridad. Conclusion: Los resultados de esta investigacion representan un factor esencial para el desarrollo de la documentacion de bioseguridad ajustada a las caracteristicas de la entidad de acuerdo a la base legal en materia de seguridad biologica en Cuba. EnglishIntroduction: The Center for Research and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias faces biological risks. Nevertheless a Biosafety system was not yet implemented. Objective: To apply the methodology in order to evaluate these risks Materials and Methods: Interview with the researchers of the center and the use of the methodology for evaluating biological risks designed for Cobos, 2009. Results: Fifty-three biological risks were identified and evaluated, 32 as moderated, 18 as tolerable and 3 as trivial. Such classification are crucial to establish its management priorities and represent a way of surveillance in Biosafety field. Conclusion: The results of this research represent an essential factor for the Biosafety documentation development adapted to the Center and according to the legal basis in terms of biological safety in Cuba.