Biopharmaceutical Plant Research Articles

Perception and Interpretation Analysis Among Consumers Toward Instant Herbal Products

Traditional medicine is an alternative that the community can use to maintain body immunity. Plants that can be consumed as immune boosters include ginger and turmeric. Several phytochemical compounds known to have physiological functions are carotenoids, phytosterols, saponins, glycosinolates, polyphenols, protease inhibitors, monoterpenes, phytoestrogens, sulfides, and phytic acid. The abundant availability of biopharmaceutical plants has been utilized by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Semarang to be processed into various postharvest processed products in the form of instant powder drinks, as was provided by AIG Bunda Nisa SMEs in Delik Village, Tuntang District. This study aimed to determine consumer perceptions and interpretations of instant herbal products. The research locus is located in the city and regency of Semarang and its surrounding areas. Primary data were obtained through interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained through literatures related to the research. The product used as the object of study is the product of AIG Bunda Nisa’s instant herbal medicine. The attributes that will be assessed by consumers include price, taste, benefits, texture, packaging, legality, and ease of obtaining. The results showed that the types of instant herbal medicine that were often consumed by respondents were ginger 30%, Curcuma (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb) 26%, and turmeric (Curcuma Domestica Vahl) 21%. The motivation of 68.1% of respondents to consume instant herbal medicine is for health, while taste and quality being the primary considerations. In this matter, the benefit attribute becomes essential. Consumers expect the spice taste to be strengthened by reducing the sugar content and the price to be more affordable.
 Keywords: consumer, interpretation, instan herbal medicine, perception

The Financial Feasibility Of Rhizome Cultivation During Covid-19 Pandemic

The agricultural sector is one of the supporting sectors of the Indonesian economy during the Covid-19 pandemic. Horticulture is one of the agricultural sub-sectors that contributes significantly to the national economy. Biopharmaceutical plants are part of the horticulture sub-sector and are used as raw materials for health products. Ginger, turmeric, galangal, kencur, and temulawak are five biopharmaceutical plants of the rhizome group that can be used as herbal medicines to anticipate some symptoms of Covid-19. One of the cultivators of these five biopharmaceutical plants is Taman Sringganis. The problem faced is that the cultivation of medicinal plants in the rhizome group is not optimal due to the many types of medicinal plants being cultivated. The financial feasibility of cultivation must be known To optimize the cultivation of rhizome plants. This research was conducted to determine the feasibility of cultivating medicinal plants in the rhizome group. As a result, during the Covid-19 pandemic, the cultivation of Taman Sringganis rhizomes was still feasible. Based on the calculation results of the four investment feasibility criteria, it is known that the Net Present Value (NPV) is positive or more than equal to zero, namely Rp. 258,213,256, the Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio) is more than one, namely 1.79, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is more than the predetermined social interest rate (10.1%), namely 36% and Payback Period (PP) is faster than the business age (5 years) which is 3 years 4 months. Rhizome, medicinal plant cultivation, supports the 8th SDGs.

The Circular Economy of Herbal Beverage Products and Their Physicochemical Characteristics

The circular economy seeks to maximize resource utility while enhancing waste materials’ added value. Herbal beverages are derived from biopharmaceutical plants, commonly using ginger, cardamom, turmeric, aromatic ginger or lesser galangal, and curcuma. This study had two primary objectives: (1) to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of instant ginger, instant turmeric, and instant ginger beverages, and (2) to enhance the economic value of production waste by converting it into liquid organic fertilizer (POC). The research was conducted at the small and medium enterprise “AIG Bunda Nisa” in Semarang Regency, Indonesia. Physicochemical characteristics were assessed through proximate analysis, and the quality of the POC was evaluated based on the standards set by the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture (No.216/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019). The findings revealed that waste from the production of instant herbal drinks can be effectively repurposed as POC. The analysis showed that instant ginger beverages have higher ash and carbohydrate content than fresh ginger but lower total fat and protein content. Additionally, instant ginger beverages’ caloric value and carbohydrate content are higher than fresh ginger. Conversely, instant ginger’s protein content is lower than fresh ginger’s. In the case of turmeric, the ash, total fat, moisture, and protein content in fresh turmeric were lower than in instant turmeric beverages.

THE EFFECT OF DOSING POTASH FERTILIZER AND COMPOST DOSES OF EMPTY BUNCHES OF OIL PALM (TKKS) ON THE GROWTH OF CITRONELLA PLANTS (Cymbopogon nardus L.)

Citronella is a biopharmaceutical plant that has the main content of citronella and geraniol as raw materials in the manufacture of essential oils (citronella oil) which have high economic value. The production of citronella increases every year although the amount is still small when compared to the production of other biopharmaceutical plants. So it is necessary to increase the productivity of citronella plants with the use of the right dose of fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer dose and Compost Dose of Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) on the growth of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.). The research was started in February-June 2022 at Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Banten, Ciruas District, Serang Regency, Banten and the Laboratory of the Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) method which consisted of two factors, namely potassium fertilizer dose and Compost Dose of Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB). The first factor has 4 levels, 0 kg/ha potassium (K0), 15 kg/ha (K1), 30 kg/ha (K2) and 45 kg/ha (K3). The second factor has 4 levels, 0 tons/ha (T0), 20 tons/ha (T1), 30 tons/ha (T2) and 40 tons/ha (T3). There were 16 treatment combinations with 3 replications so 48 experimental units were obtained. Each experimental unit contained 2 polybags where each polybag contained 2 plants, so the total plants in the study were 192 plants. The results showed that the dose of potassium fertilizer 30 kg/ha gave the best results on plant height parameters at the age of 3, 4, 5, 6 WAP, the dose of potassium fertilizer 15 kg/ha gave the best results on the number of leaves aged 1 WAP. Dosage of 40 tons/ha of TKKS compost gave the best results on the number of leaves aged 5 and 6 WAP. There was no interaction between the dose of potassium fertilizer and the dose of TKKS compost on all parameters at the age of 1-12 WAP

Implementation and financial analysis of good agricultural practices (GAPs) of True Cardamom (Amomum compactum SoL.): The experience from smallholders’ farmers

True cardamom is a biopharmaceutical plant used for the essential ingredients of traditional medicines, spices, additives, and herbs in various industries. Farmers should adopt Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for good quality and productivity, which can increase cultivation costs. Evaluating the implementation of GAP and the financial aspect is important to see its feasibility. This study aims to assess GAP’s application level and its financial analysis based on adoption. Respondents were taken using the Cluster Random Sampling method, which determined as many as 43 farmers in Cisolok District. Based on the level of implementation of True Cardamom’s GAP, the farmers are categorized as high, medium, and low adoption with a percentage of 25%, 75%, and 0%, respectively. The financial analysis results of the Net Present Value (NPV) of high-category farmers and medium-category are IDR 88,603,622.39 and IDR. 31,879,670.82, respectively. The high-category GAP adoption has a higher value of Net Benefit-Cost Ratio than the others, medium-category, 4.5 and 2.4, respectively. So do the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values; high-category has an IRR value more significant than the other which the IRR is higher than the interest rate (11%). Cardamom business is declared financially feasible with a payback period at the application level of GAP for high and medium categories: two years, two months, and five years and six months, respectively.

Resilience and Lifera to build a biopharmaceutical plant in Saudi Arabia

Resilience and Lifera to build a biopharmaceutical plant in Saudi Arabia

Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Pascapanen dan Daya Saing Jahe Simalungun

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a biopharmaceutical plant has been used both as medicine and spice. The export demand for Indonesian ginger can be considered quite high, as just for The Netherlands itself, 40 tons of ginger is needed per month. The study on the analysis of the feasibility and competitiveness of the export ginger post-harvest was carried out as a form of evaluating the competitiveness and feasibility of the post-harvest that had been carried out. The purpose of this study is analyzing production costs in rupiah and USD, income earned in rupiah and USD, local resource costs in rupiah and USD, import resource costs in rupiah and USD, the competitiveness of ginger in the international market and also the postharvest business feasibility of exported ginger in the research area. The cost analysis method is the method used to calculate production costs, income, domestic resource costs, and imported resource costs in this study. Business feasibility analyzed with Break Even Point (BEP) and the competitiveness of exported ginger in the international market analyzed with the domestic resource cost method. The conclusion of the study showed that Simalungun ginger has an ability to be competitive and compete in the international market and provide benefits and feasible to continue.

Madura Tribe Community Biopharmaca Development Strategy In Indonesia

The purpose of this study to formulated a strategy for the development of biopharma for the Madurese tribe to meet traditional medicinal raw materials. Research location in Sumenep Regency on the island of Madura East Java. The sampling method used was key informant. The key informants are biopharmaceutical plant farmers, the agriculture service, community leaders, traditional healers, and herbal medicine traders. The research was conducted using quantitative analysis and SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis, through an External Factor Analysis Strategic (EFAS) and the Internal Factor Analysis Strategic (IFAS). Analytical results from this research conclude that Madura Tribe Community Biopharmaca Development Strategy is government support with the Mou, geographical patents of biopharmaca plants, and utilizing human resources by being a member of farmer group to contibute more

PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PUPUK N-ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KUALITAS BEBERAPA AKSESI KATUK {Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.} ASAL BOGOR

Katuk is a vegetable and biopharmaceutical plant, so it needs to be cultivated using environmentally friendly fertilizers, to produce products that are free from chemical residues. This study was aimed at assessing the agronomic performance of several accessions of katuk plants of Bogor origin at various compositions of N-organic fertilizer. A factorial completely randomized design with two factors was used. The first factor was katuk accessions consisting of Dramaga, Cinangneng1, Cinangneng2, and Katulampa. The second factor was N fertilizer compositions consisting of 100% N-urea, 100% N-cow urine, 100% N-MSC, 75% N-urea + 25% N-cow urine, 75% N-urea + 25% N-MSC, 50% N-urea + 50% N-cow urine, 50% N-urea + 50% N-MSC, 25% N-urea + 75% N-cow urine, 25% N-urea + 75% N-MSC, 0% N-urea + 0% N-cow urine + 0% N-MSC. Results showed that Katulampa katuk plants had the highest number of leaves, number of leaflets, fresh weight, dry weight, nitrate content, and total dissolved solid content. N fertilizer compositions gave significant effects on all growth and production parameters excluding stem diameter and number of leaflets. The use of 75% Ua + 25% Kp fertilizer composition significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, number of buds, total bud length, fresh weight, dry weight, nitrate content, and total dissolved solid content. The best quality katuk plants with the highest chlorophyll, carotene, and vitamin C contents were shown by Dramaga accession treated with 50% Urea + 50% cow urine and 50% Urea + 50% MSC, respectively.

Mining Grouping Biopharmaceutical Plants in Indonesia Using the K-Means Algorithm: Application of Data Mining in Production

There are various types of biopharmaceutical plants or medicinal plants in Indonesia, including ginger, galangal, kencur, turmeric, lempuyang and curcuma aeruginosa whose production is widespread in various provinces in Indonesia. reached 160 million USD annually. Then the application of data mining used to classify biopharmaceutical plant production data in Indonesia from this study resulted in 2 clusters namely cluster 0 which in this cluster is a cluster with low production value of biopharmaceutical plants in Indonesia, namely the Provinces of West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung, Kep. Bangka Belitung, Kep. Riau, DKI Jakarta, DI Yogyakarta, Banten, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, Southeast Sulawesi, Maluku, West Papua and Papua. While cluster 1 is the cluster where the production rate of biopharmaceutical plants is the highest in Indonesia, namely the Provinces of North Sumatra, West Java, Central Java, East Java and South Sulawesi. From the results that have been obtained, it is hoped that it will be useful for organizations, groups or individuals engaged in the biopharmaceutical plant sector so that they can review the existing deficiencies and can increase the production of biopharmaceutical plants in each province.

STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN UPT BENIH INDUK TANAMAN HIAS DAN BIOFARMAKA DINAS TANAMAN PANGAN DAN HORTIKULTURA PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA

UPT Parent Seeds of Ornamental Plants and Biopharmaceuticals of North Sumatra Province acts as a plant pilot site, carries out testing/observation of new varieties, purification of regional superior varieties seeds, training of human resources, especially apprenticeships for seed breeders, and collection of germplasm sources originating from regions areas in the province of North Sumatra and from outside the province as well as from abroad. Commodities of ornamental plants and biopharmaceutical plants have strategic meaning in North Sumatra Province because ornamental plants and biopharmaceutical plants are also expected to be a prime mover in the tourism world and at the same time become leverage for increasing income and community welfare. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to improve the development of UPT Seed Parent Ornamental Plants and Biopharmaceuticals. The strengths of the UPT BI for Ornamental Plants and Biopharmaceuticals include the development of a large area of land, the development of a seed system with good cultivation techniques (GAP), certified products at competitive prices, and the prospects for ornamental plants and biopharmaceuticals are currently quite good. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The results of the study show the weaknesses of the UPT BI for Ornamental Plants and Biopharmaceuticals, namely governance and management are not optimal, the professionalism of human resources is still very low, the UPT Seed Parent Ornamental Plants and Biopharmaceutical is still newly established so it is still not widely known by the market, the budget for UPT Seeds Parent Ornamental Plants and Biopharmaceuticals are limited because they are still centralized in the Department of Food Crops and Horticulture, North Sumatra Province. Opportunities are the momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic, making people's interest to switch to maintaining ornamental plants at home, increasing demand for biopharmaceutical plants during the pandemic, market trends that are in line with this business and disseminating information about ornamental plant and biopharmaceutical policies in the community. Meanwhile, the threat is that the demand for ornamental plants is quite high which is still seasonal/temporary, there are competitors of ornamental plant producers

Red Ginger oleoresin nanoemulsion characteristics by ultrasonication

Red ginger is a biopharmaceutical plant that is used as herbal medicine. The use of red ginger in the food industry is mainly in an emulsion form, but that is unstable and hydrophobic. The ultrasonication technique could change the emulsion into a nanoemulsion to minimize these disadvantages. This research aimed to determine the effect of ultrasonication on red ginger oleoresin nanoemulsion characteristics. The study used a completely randomized design of 4 treatments based on sonication time (0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes). The study was analyzed by ANOVA Tukey's test at P ≤ 0.05, it showed that ultrasonication affected the characteristics of red ginger oleoresin nanoemulsion. The best result shows that in 90 minutes mixed time with transparent yellow colour. It is soluble in acetone, methanol, ethanol, and aquadest solvents. The best particle size is 572.43±8.72 nm, and antioxidant activity is (IC50) 16.34 ±1.33 ppm.©2022 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.

Bioaerosol dispersion and environmental risk simulation: Method and a case study for a biopharmaceutical plant of Gansu province, China

Pathogenic bacteria pose a great threat to global public health from environmental and public health perspectives, especially regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. As a result, the increased risk of pathogenic bioaerosol exposure imposes a considerable health burden and raises specific concerns about the layout and location of vaccine manufacturers. This study proposed a grid computing method based on the CALPUFF modelling system and population-based environmental risks to reduce bioaerosol-related potential risks. We previously used the CALPUFF model to quantify the diffusion level, the spatial distribution of emissions, and potential environmental risks of bioaerosol leakage in Gansu province's Zhongmu Lanzhou biopharmaceutical plant from July 24, 2019, to August 20, 2019. By combining it with publicly available test data, the credibility was confirmed. Based on our previous research, the CALPUFF model application combined with the environmental population-based environmental risks in two scenarios: the layout and site selection, was explored by using the leakage accident of Zhongmu Lanzhou biopharmaceutical plant of Gansu province as a case study. Our results showed that the site selection method of scenario 2 coupled with the buffer area was more reasonable than scenario 1, and the final layout site selection point of scenario 2 was grid 157 as the optimal layout point. The simulation results demonstrated agreement with the actual survey. Our findings could assist global bioaerosol manufacturers in developing appropriate layout and site selection strategies to reduce bioaerosol-related potential environmental risks.

Potential and Constraints of Biopharmaceutical Plants in East Kalimantan Province

Biopharmaceutical plants (drugs) in East Kalimantan Province have tremendous potential for the Farmers' Economy in particular and the Economy of Society in general. Farmers have not felt this potential because it faces existing obstacles. In this study, the Pharmaceutical Business Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, will be analyzed for its role in finding solutions to existing obstacles. Research results are expected to be helpful in terms of the resource-advantage theory and in terms of Implications that can be done by Stakeholders, which aim that the potential of Biopharmaceutical Crops can bring the welfare of Farmers and Communities.

Effect of Bokashi Fertilizer on Increasing Soil Nutrients and Growth of Medicinal Plants

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of bokashi (Cow) fertilizer on increasing soil nutrients and the growth of medicinal plants (Biopharmaca). The research method was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments which were repeated 3 times. The type of bokashi fertilizer is cow dung, while the medicinal plants used are ginger and turmeric. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA (Analysis of variance) and 5% F test to determine the effect of treatment. The research findings showed that the application of organic matter bokashi cow dung succeeded in increasing soil nutrients consisting of H2O, C-Organic, P2O5, K2O, and CEC along with the increase in the concentration of bokashi. Giving bokashi cow dung had a significant effect on plant height, the number of leaves, and bulb weight of Biopharmaca plants at 30 DAP and 60 DAP measurements. It was concluded based on the results of the study that goat and cow dung bokashi can be used to increase soil nutrients such as KCl, C-Organic, N-Total, P2O5, K2O, and CEC. Besides, bokashi fertilizer can also be used for the growth of biopharmaceutical plants where plant height, number of leaves, and bulb weight of medicinal plants are indicators used.

The Lanzhou Brucella Leak: The Largest Laboratory Accident in the History of Infectious Diseases?

An inadequacy in sanitizing processes in a biopharmaceutical plant in Lanzhou, China, during July and August 2019, led to the aerosolization of Brucella that was subsequently spread through wind to nearby settlements and academic institutes, resulting in >10 000 human brucellosis cases, as of November 2020. The leak, possibly the largest laboratory accident in the history of infectious diseases, underlines the particular characteristics of Brucella that have made the pathogen a historical entity in biodefense research and a major cause of laboratory-associated infections. It further underlines the need for enhanced vigilance and strict regulatory interventions in similar facilities.

Pengaruh Desain Kemasan dan Ecommerce Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Jamu Herbal dan Rempah Madura

The use of biopharmaceutical plants as traditional medicine in Madura has been going on for quite a long time, because medicinal plants and spices as raw materials for the traditional medicine industry are available in quite a lot in four districts in Madura. Traditional medicine SMEs have made many innovations to attract customers, one of which is by making packaging designs. In addition to innovation in terms of packaging design, the use of the internet is carried out to market Madura herbal herbal products. This method is called E-commerce. Data collection uses primary data and secondary data.

Grid Computing Method for Bioaerosol Concentrations Coupled with Human Health Risk Values in the Application of Vaccine Enterprise Layout and Site Selection to Reduce Environmental Risks Caused by Bioaerosol Leakage: A Case Study of Leakage Accident in Zhongmu Lanzhou Biopharmaceutical Plant of Gansu Province, China

Grid Computing Method for Bioaerosol Concentrations Coupled with Human Health Risk Values in the Application of Vaccine Enterprise Layout and Site Selection to Reduce Environmental Risks Caused by Bioaerosol Leakage: A Case Study of Leakage Accident in Zhongmu Lanzhou Biopharmaceutical Plant of Gansu Province, China

DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PLANTS IN PALEMBANG CITY

Biopharmaceutical plants or medicinal plants are plants grown in the garden that have medicinal properties. The types of biopharmaceutical plants have been cultivated for more than 5 years and are managed by the people of Palembang City who are members of farmer groups and women's groups of biopharmaceutical plant farmers of galangal and lemongrass. Besides being consumed in a fresh form as a kitchen spice, it can also be processed as an addition to herbs, chips, and shredded galangal and can also work as a vegetable pesticide and fertilizer for plants. This study aims to see the prospects for the development of biopharmaceutical plants in the city of Palembang. The method used is a survey method, data collection is carried out directly through interviews using questionnaires. Data processing uses indicator analysis techniques based on, cultivation techniques and demand for biopharmaceutical plants in the last year, namely 2020 with 50 respondents, farmers of biopharmaceutical plants. The results of the analysis show that the survey of farmers' knowledge level of biopharmaceutical crops is 84%, cultivation technique capability is 78% and demand for biopharmaceuticals in 2020 will increase by 15% for galangal and 22% for dissolution in the previous year. Judging from the level of interpretation of the score of each indicator which is above 60% and the demand for biopharmaceutical plants has increased. That can be said the prospect of developing biopharmaceutical plants in Palembang City is promising.

ANALISIS RANTAI NILAI AGROINDUSTRI BIOFARMAKA KOMODITAS KUNYIT DI KABUPATEN PONOROGO

Ponorogo regency has the potential to increase the yield of natural resources such as biopharmaceutical plant types. One type of biopharmaceutical plant in Ponorogo Regency is a turmeric plant produced in 14 sub-districts. This research aims to: a) Identify the flow of agroindustry value chain distribution of turmeric commodity biopharmaceuticals by mapping BPMN (business process model and notation). b) Calculate the added value of Agroindustri biopharmaceutical turmeric commodity with hayami analysis. In this study, there are two conclusions. First, mapping using BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation): The distribution pattern of turmeric commodities in Ponorogo Regency there are two distribution patterns that run through crates, collectors and local distributors and exporters. Second, added value based on the hayami method, obtained the result of the comparison of added value farmers: Steamers: local distributors are 9%: 55% : 36%. While the added value of the flow of exporters is farmers 8.5%: steamers 52.7% : exporters 38.8%.