Biomimetic Nanozyme Research Articles

Biomimetic Nanozymes Suppressed Ferroptosis to Ameliorate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Synergetic Effect of Antioxidant Stress and GPX4 Restoration.

Mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), which remains a clinical challenge due to the lack of effective interventions. Cerium oxide (CeO2), a representative nanozyme, has attracted much attention because of its antioxidant properties. This study evaluated CeO2-based nanozymes for the prevention and treatment of DIC in vitro and in vivo by adding nanoparticles (NPs), which were synthesized by biomineralization, to the culture or giving them to the mice, and the ferroptosis-specific inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) was used as control. The prepared NPs exhibited an excellent antioxidant response and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)-depended bioregulation, with the additional merits of bio-clearance and long retention in the heart. The experiments showed that NP treatment could significantly reverse myocardial structural and electrical remodeling, and reduce myocardial necrosis. These cardioprotective therapeutic effects were associated with their ability to alleviate oxidative stress, mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial membrane potential damage, with a superior efficiency to the Fer-1. The study also found that the NPs significantly restored the expression of GPX4 and mitochondrial-associated proteins, thereby restoring mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis. Therefore, the study provides some insights into the role of ferroptosis in DIC. It also shows that CeO2-based nanozymes could be a promising prevention and treatment candidate as a novel cardiomyocyte ferroptosis protector to mitigate DIC and improve prognosis and quality of life in cancer patients.

Smart Biomimetic Nanozymes for Precise Molecular Imaging: Application and Challenges.

New nanotechnologies for imaging molecules are widely being applied to visualize the expression of specific molecules (e.g., ions, biomarkers) for disease diagnosis. Among various nanoplatforms, nanozymes, which exhibit enzyme-like catalytic activities in vivo, have gained tremendously increasing attention in molecular imaging due to their unique properties such as diverse enzyme-mimicking activities, excellent biocompatibility, ease of surface tenability, and low cost. In addition, by integrating different nanoparticles with superparamagnetic, photoacoustic, fluorescence, and photothermal properties, the nanoenzymes are able to increase the imaging sensitivity and accuracy for better understanding the complexity and the biological process of disease. Moreover, these functions encourage the utilization of nanozymes as therapeutic agents to assist in treatment. In this review, we focus on the applications of nanozymes in molecular imaging and discuss the use of peroxidase (POD), oxidase (OXD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) with different imaging modalities. Further, the applications of nanozymes for cancer treatment, bacterial infection, and inflammation image-guided therapy are discussed. Overall, this review aims to provide a complete reference for research in the interdisciplinary fields of nanotechnology and molecular imaging to promote the advancement and clinical translation of novel biomimetic nanozymes.

Self-Driven Electron Transfer Biomimetic Enzymatic Catalysis of Bismuth-Doped PCN-222 MOF for Rapid Therapy of Bacteria-Infected Wounds.

In this work, a biomimetic nanozyme catalyst with rapid and efficient self-bacteria-killing and wound-healing performances was synthesized. Through an in situ reduction reaction, a PCN-222 metal organic framework (MOF) was doped with bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs) to form Bi-PCN-222, an interfacial Schottky heterojunction biomimetic nanozyme catalyst, which can kill 99.9% of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The underlying mechanism was that Bi NP doping can endow Bi-PCN-222 MOF with self-driven charge transfer through the Schottky interface and the capability of oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activity, because a large number of free electrons can be captured by surrounding oxygen species to produce radical oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, once bacteria contact Bi-PCN-222 in a physiological environment, its appropriate redox potential can trigger electron transfer through the electron transport pathway in bacterial membranes and then the interior of the bacteria, which disturbs the bacterial respiration process and subsequent metabolism. Additionally, Bi-PCN-222 can also accelerate tissue regeneration by upregulating fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis genes (bFGF, VEGF, and HIF-1α), thereby promoting wound healing. This biomimetic enzyme-catalyzed strategy will bring enlightenment to the design of self-bacterial agents for efficient disinfection and tissue reconstruction simultaneously.

Latest advances in biomimetic nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death in China, with increasingly serious negative effects on people and society. Despite significant advances in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial fibrillation/flutter and heart failure over the last few years, much more remains to be done. Therefore, developing innovative methods for identifying and managing cardiovascular disorders is critical. Nanomaterials provide multiple benefits in biomedicine, primarily better catalytic activity, drug loading, targeting, and imaging. Biomimetic materials and nanoparticles are specially combined to synthesize biomimetic nanoparticles that successfully reduce the nanoparticles' toxicity and immunogenicity while enhancing histocompatibility. Additionally, the biological targeting capability of nanoparticles facilitates the diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular disease. Nowadays, nanomedicine still faces numerous challenges, which necessitates creating nanoparticles that are highly selective, toxic-free, and better clinically applicable. This study reviews the scientific accomplishments in this field over the past few years covering the classification, applications, and prospects of noble metal biomimetic nanozymes and biomimetic nanocarriers.

Bioinspired nanocatalytic tumor therapy by simultaneous reactive oxygen species generation enhancement and glutamine pathway-mediated glutathione depletion.

An insufficient intracellular H2O2 level and overexpressed glutathione (GSH) are still the major challenges for effective chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Inspired by the unique glutamine metabolism pathway in cancer cells, herein, intelligent nanocatalytic theranostics is used to enhance intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation via the production of H2O2 by a biomimetic nanozyme, and simultaneously reduce ROS consumption via the depression of GSH synthesis by the glutamine metabolic inhibitor. In this reactor, nano-sized Au and Fe3O4 coloaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSN-Au-Fe3O4) serve as the bifunctional nanozyme, where intracellular glucose is catalyzed into H2O2 by the glucose oxidase-mimicking Au nanoparticles and then immediately transformed into ˙OH by the peroxidase-like Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Then, CB839, the glutaminase (GLS) inhibitor, is grafted on the nanozyme, blocking the glutamine pathway and GSH biosynthesis. As a result, the as-designed nanoplatform with a three-pronged integration of Au-mediated H2O2 self-supply, Fe3O4-triggered Fenton-like reaction, and glutamine pathway-mediated GSH depletion significantly boosts the CDT efficacy, achieving remarkable and specific antitumor properties both in vitro and in vivo. This work not only paves a new way for rationally designing multi-functional nanozymes for achieving high therapeutic efficacy, but also provides new insights into the construction of bioinspired synergetic therapy by combining CDT and a key anticancer pathway.

A covalent organic framework-derived M1 macrophage mimic nanozyme for precise tumor-targeted imaging and NIR-II photothermal catalytic chemotherapy.

Nanoprobes for efficient tumor-targeted imaging and therapy are urgently needed for clinical tumor theranostics. Herein, inspired by the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, we report a covalent organic framework (COF)-derived biomimetic nanozyme for precise tumor-targeted imaging and NIR-II photothermal-catalysis-enhanced chemotherapy (PTCEC). Using a crystalline nanoscale COF as the precursor, a peroxidase-like porous N-doped carbonous nanozyme (PNC) was obtained, which was cloaked with an M1 macrophage cell membrane (M1m) to create a multifunctional biomimetic nanoprobe for tumor-targeted imaging and therapy. The M1m coating enabled the nanoprobe to target cancer cells and tumor tissues for highly efficient tumor imaging and drug delivery. The peroxidase-like activity of the PNC allowed for the conversion of intratumoral H2O2 into toxic ˙OH that synergized with its NIR-II photothermal effect to strengthen the chemotherapy. Therefore, highly efficient tumor-targeted imaging and NIR-II PTCEC were realized with an M1 macrophage mimic nanoprobe. This work provides a feasible tactic for a biomimetic theranostic nanoprobe and will inspire the development of new bioactive nanomaterials for clinical tumor theranostic applications.

Self-intensified synergy of a versatile biomimetic nanozyme and doxorubicin on electrospun fibers to inhibit postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastasis

Tumor-positive resection margins after surgery can result in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Although adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been adopted in clinical practice, they lack efficacy and result in unavoidable side effects. Herein, a self-intensified in-situ therapy approach using electrospun fibers loaded with a biomimetic nanozyme and doxorubicin (DOX) is developed. The fabricated PEG-coated zeolite imidazole framework-67 (PZIF67) is demonstrated as a versatile nanozyme triggering reactions in cancer cells based on endogenous H2O2 and •O2−. The PZIF67-generated •OH induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload, implementing chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The O2 produced by PZIF67 inhibits the expression of hypoxia-up-regulated proteins, thereby suppressing tumor progression. PZIF67 also catalyzes the degradation of glutathione, further disturbing the intracellular redox homeostasis and enhancing CDT. Furthermore, the introduced DOX not only kills cancer cells individually, but also replenishes the continuously consumed substrates for PZIF67-catalyzed reactions. The PZIF67-weakened drug resistance strengthens the cytotoxicity of DOX. The combined application of PZIF67 and DOX also suppresses metastasis-associated genes. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the self-intensified synergy of PZIF67 and DOX on electrospun fibers efficiently prevents postsurgical tumor recurrence and metastasis, offering a feasible therapeutic regimen for operable malignant tumors.

Boosting bioelectricity generation in microbial fuel cells via biomimetic Fe-N-S-C nanozymes

Anode performance has been regarded as a crucial factor determining long-term stability and electricity generation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which restricts by the difficult extracellular electron transfer (EET) on the microbe/anode interface. Herein, inspired by biological enzyme systems, this study synthesized the biomimetic nanozymes with Fe-N-S-C active sites as the anode materials of MFCs, which was similar to the hemes of c-type cytochromes (c-Cyts) for boosting EET process. As excepted, an obviously faster start-up and a much higher power density were achieved by the MFCs equipped with Fe-N-S-C nanozymes (startup time, 3.5 d; power density, 2366 ± 34 mW m−2) than that based on traditional carbon cloth (startup time, 5.6 d; power density, 1009 ± 26 mW m−2). Such unique features of Fe-N-S-C nanozymes anode not only greatly favored the bacterial adhesion and the electroactive bacteria enrichment on the anode surface, but also efficiently facilitated the EET process between the electroactive bacteria and anode surface. This study provided a feasible strategy for designing the novel MFC anode materials from the perspective of bionic enzyme.

Enzyme-integrated biomimetic cobalt metal-organic framework nanozyme for one-step cascade glucose biosensing via tandem catalysis

Biomimetic nanozymes and natural enzyme hybrids are of great interest in the fields of biosensing, biocatalysis, and therapy, owing to their integrated advantage of controllable catalytic activity with excellent stability and high specificity. Herein, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (Co-MOF) was synthesized at ambient temperature and the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was successfully immobilized on the as-synthesized MOF via a simple one-pot synthesis strategy. Co-MOF and Co-MOF-GOx biocomposites were well characterized, and enzyme immobilization was successfully confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Here, the Co-MOF served as a stable solid support for the enzyme as well as the peroxidase mimetic nanozyme with a linear range, 3–50 μM H2O2 and 0.02–1 mM tetramethylbenzidine as substrates. These results enable one-step cascade glucose detection by surpassing the need for an additional enzyme (horseradish peroxidase). Hence, GOx-integrated Co-MOF system was successfully applied for one-step cascade glucose biosensing in this study, and it exhibited a linear detection range of 0.5 − 5 μM glucose with limit of detection as low as 0.39 μM (S/N = 3). The current study may spur a new strategy for designing high-performing enzyme-integrated nanozymes which are now stemming at a faster pace.

Fabrication of a Tubular CuO/NiO Biomimetic Nanozyme with Synergistically Promoted Peroxidase-like Performance for Isoniazid Sensing.

Isoniazid is an antibiotic primarily used in clinical treatment of tuberculosis, but excessive usage can lead to serious consequences such as hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and even coma and death. Therefore, it is critical to exploit a quick, facile, and acute way for isoniazid analysis. In this work, we have demonstrated an efficient electrospinning-carbonation-wet chemistry reaction-calcination process to fabricate CuO/NiO nanotubes (NTs) as a promising nanozyme for peroxidase (POD) mimicking. In virtue of the distinct tubular structure and synergy between CuO and NiO from the mechanisms of both electron transfer and hydroxyl radical generation, a remarkably improved catalytic activity is realized for the CuO/NiO NTs compared with bare CuO and NiO samples. According to the admirable POD-like property, a rapid colorimetric detection for isoniazid is accomplished with a detection limit of 0.4 μM (S/N = 3) and favorable selectivity. In addition, the sensing capability of isoniazid in a real sample is also investigated with satisfactory results. This work offers a novel tactic to fabricate high-performance nanozymes with efficient isoniazid sensing capabilities to address challenges in disease treatment efficacy and public safety monitoring.

Rational Design of Nanozymes Enables Advanced Biochemical Sensing

In comparison with bioenzymes, nanozymes exhibit excellent robustness against extreme conditions, a low production cost, and easy-to-adjust properties, as well as potential versatility. These superiorities have attracted abundant interest in the last 15 years, to develop various nanozymes for applications including analytical sensing, environmental engineering, and biomedicine. In particular, for analytical sensing, a lot of nanozyme-involved principles and methods have been explored and applied to clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, food safety detection, and forensic analysis. Moreover, rational exploitation and use of nanozyme materials promote the performance of analytical methods. To highlight the latest progress in this attractive field, recent design concepts of nanozymes for advanced biochemical sensing are summarized. The development of single-atom nanozymes, self-cascade nanozymes, structurally biomimetic nanozymes, molecularly imprinted nanozymes, nanozymes breaking the pH limit, and multifunctional nanozymes is discussed in detail, to enhance detection sensitivity and selectivity, as well as expand application scenarios. Finally, some challenges and trends related to nanozyme-based sensors are reported, to satisfy the increasing needs of biochemical analysis with nanozymes.

Biomimetic Nanoarchitectonics of Hollow Mesoporous Copper Oxide-Based Nanozymes with Cascade Catalytic Reaction for Near Infrared-II Reinforced Photothermal-Catalytic Therapy.

Biomimetic nanozyme with natural enzyme-like activities has drawn extensive attention in cancer therapy, while its application was hindered by the limited catalytic efficacy in the complicated tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a hybrid biomimetic nanozyme combines polydopamine-decorated CuO with a natural enzyme of glucose oxidase (GOD), among which CuO is endowed with a high loading rate (47.1%) of GOD due to the elaborately designed hollow mesoporous structure that is constructed to maximize the cascade catalytic efficacy. In the TME, CuO could catalyze endogenous H2O2 into O2 for relieving tumor hypoxia and improving the catalytic efficacy of GOD. Whereafter, the amplified glucose oxidation induces starvation therapy, and the generated H2O2 and H+ enhance the catalytic activity of CuO. Significantly, the tumor-specific chemodynamic therapy (CDT) could be realized when CuO degraded into Cu2+ in acidic and reductive TME. Furthermore, the photothermal therapy with high photothermal conversion efficiency (30.2%) is achieved under NIR-II laser (1064 nm) excitation, which could reinforce the generation of reactive oxygen species (•OH and •O2-). The TME initiates the biochemical reaction cycle of CuO, O2, and GOD, which couples with an NIR-II-induced thermal effect to realize O2-promoted starvation and photothermal-chemodynamic combined therapy. This hybrid biomimetic nanozyme enlightens the further development of nanozymes in multimodal cancer therapy.

Dual-signal output paper sensor based on coordinative self-assembly biomimetic nanozyme for point-of-care detection of biomarker

Paper-based point-of-care (POC) devices exhibit the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, trim sizes, and low cost, which are of particular importance for food safety, biological analysis, and medical diagnosis. However, the materials utilized to make paper-based POC rarely produce multiple signals, hampering further applications in diverse situations. Herein, we present an appealing approach, namely Colorimetric-Temperature Dual-Signal Output Sensor (CTDSS), and construct a CTDSS based on coordinative self-assembly biomimetic nanozymes Fe-GMP-L-His CPNs as a proof of concept. These CPNs mimic the structure of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), in which Fe (II) is the center, nucleotide GMP and histidine are chosen as ligands to simulate metal coordination of the pyrrole ring and protein function in HRP, respectively. This strategy allows CPNs to show an excellent peroxidase-like activity, efficiently converting H2O2 into •OH and oxidizing TMB to generate colorimetric-temperature dual-signal. As a proof-of-concept application, we exploited cholesterol as the target and successfully applied this CTDSS to detect cholesterol, displaying extraordinary features of rapidity, dramatic specificity, and high sensitivity. By utilizing the colorimetric test strip and temperature discoloration sticker, the paper-based POC tools were constructed to visualize the target. Meanwhile, two proposed test strip POC devices generating different signal outputs exhibited remarkable feasibility and were further employed to detect cholesterol in human serum. We anticipate that this CTDSS platform will inspire innovative concepts for future portable detection tools.

Supramolecular amino acid-based metallo-nanozyme through multicomponent coordination self-assembly for in-site tumor synergistic catalytic-chemotherapy

Simple biomolecules-based supramolecular self-assembly hold great promise on the fabrication of nanozyme for mimicking natural enzyme, both structurally and functionally. However, it remains a formidable challenge to design of tumor-specific nanozyme with promoted therapeutic efficiencies starting from such small biological molecule combinations and their cooperative interactions. Inspired by the metalloenzyme in living systems, i.e., peroxidase, herein the construction of metallo-nanozyme through a facile multicomponent coordination self-assembly based on the combination of amino acid, chemotherapeutic motif and metal ions is reported. The resulting metallo-nanozyme possess uniform size distribution, well-defined spherical nanostructure and high chemical drugs contents. Most importantly, the metallo-nanozyme depletes specifically high-level glutathione (GSH) in tumor cell and converts Fe3+ to Fe2+ for subsequent transformation of overproduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) in peroxidase-like catalytic manner. Meanwhile, the metallo-nanozyme are also activated in situ to release the chemical drugs in tumor cell for enhanced chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate that the supramolecular metallo-nanozyme suppresses remarkably tumor growth via combined catalytic-chemotherapy and without any systemic toxicity. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the tumor-specific biomimetic nanozyme with advanced catalytic therapeutic efficacy could be achieved through cooperative coordination of small biomolecules or therapeutic drugs, opening up opportunities in the development of catalytic anticancer nanozyme for efficiently combat cancers.

Construction of biomimetic nanozyme with high laccase- and catecholase-like activity for oxidation and detection of phenolic compounds

Despite the rapid development of nanozyme, it is still challenging to develop multifunctional nanozyme with high oxidase-like activity. In this work, a novel type of amorphous imidazole-Cu nanozyme (I-Cu) with high laccase- and catecholase-like activity was prepared by the water induced precipitation of Cu2+ and imidazole to mimick the N-Cu coordinated environment in their active site. I-Cu shows similar Km but 3.7-fold higher Vmax than laccase at the same mass concentration. The possible catalytic mechanism of I-Cu nanozyme, which is composed of substrate binding, substrate oxidation, oxygen binding and oxygen reduction, is proposed. In addition, it also displays high stability under various pH, temperature, long-term storage and high salinity. The oxidation efficiency of I-Cu nanozyme for environmental phenolic pollutants (2,4-dichlorophenol) is 91.8% at 10 h, which is higher than that of laccase (68.8% at 10 h). Furthermore, the colorimetric and smart phone detection of dopamine by I-Cu nanozyme is developed with the detection limit of 0.412 μM. Therefore, we expect this amorphous nanozyme is promising in the various application of bioremediation and biosensor.

Amino Acid-Mediated Synthesis of the ZIF-8 Nanozyme That Reproduces Both the Zinc-Coordinated Active Center and Hydrophobic Pocket of Natural Carbonic Anhydrase.

The zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanozyme has been synthesized using hydrophobic amino acid (AA) to regulate crystal growth. The as-synthesized ZIF-8 reproduces both the structural and functional properties of natural carbonic anhydrase (CA). Structurally, Zn2+/2-methylimidazole coordinated units mimic very well the active center of CA while the hydrophobic microdomains of the adsorbed AA simulate the CA hydrophobic pocket. Functionally, the nanozymes show excellent CA-like esterase activity by giving specific enzyme activity of 0.22 U mg-1 at 25 °C in the case of Val-ZIF-8. More strikingly, such nanozymes are superior to natural CA by having excellent hydrothermal stability, which can give highly enhanced esterase activity with increasing temperature. The specific enzyme activity of Val-ZIF-8 at 80 °C is about 25 times higher than that at 25 °C. In addition, AA-ZIF-8 also shows an excellent catalytic efficiency toward carbon dioxide (CO2) hydration. This study puts forward the important role of hydrophobic microdomains in biomimetic nanozymes for the first time and develops a facile and mild method for the synthesis of nanozymes with controlled morphology and size to achieve excellent catalytic efficiency.

Preparation of amorphous MOF based biomimetic nanozyme with high laccase- and catecholase-like activity for the degradation and detection of phenolic compounds

In spite of the rapid development of nanozyme, it is still challenging to develop multifunctional nanozyme with high oxidase-like activity. In this work, a novel type of amorphous MOF based nanozyme (CA-Cu) with both laccase- and catecholase-like activity was prepared by the facile solvothermal reaction of cyanuric acid and Cu2+ to mimick the N-Cu coordinated environment between the imidazole and Cu2+ in their active site. Due to the excellent activity, substrate universality, recyclability and stability of CA-Cu nanozyme, it shows broad application prospects in degradation and detection of phenolic compounds. Besides, the structure–activity relationship between N-Cu coordinated environment and laccase/catecholase-like activity has been further proved.

Magnetic-controlled dandelion-like nanocatalytic swarm for targeted biofilm elimination.

Infections caused by drug-resistant strains pose a serious threat to human health. Most bacterial infections are related to biofilms. The generation of a bacterial biofilm greatly reduces the antibacterial efficiency of antibiotics and some traditional antibacterial drugs, and it is very important to develop antibacterial drugs to replace antibiotics. Here, encouraged by the promising magnetic control technology of micro/nanorobots, the synergistic antibacterial strategy of a dandelion-like magnetically-controlled multifunctional hierarchical magnetic biomimetic nanozyme, Fe3O4@SiO2@dendritic mesoporous silica@small-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (FSDMSsF NPs), was developed to be effective against bacterial biofilms. FSDMSsF NPs showed great magnetic properties and peroxidase-like activities, and could act as catalytic carriers for the production of hydroxyl radicals that are highly toxic to bacteria in a low-concentration H2O2 environment, killing planktonic bacteria. The antibacterial rate of FSDMSsF NPs reached 99.5% at a concentration of 200 μg mL-1. The synergistic antibacterial mechanisms of the mechanical factor and the chemical factor are further discussed. Under time-varying magnetic swarm control, the antibacterial performance of FSDMSsF NPs against bacteria was significantly improved. On this basis, the elimination effect of FSDMSsF NPs on bacterial biofilms is further discussed. The results showed that FSDMSsF NPs could target and eliminate biofilms through complex channels under the control of magnetic fields. In addition, the system could remove biofilms in occlusions by changing the morphology and movement mode of an FSDMSsF NP swarm under magnetic field control. The current work proposes a facile and physical-chemical synergistic strategy for effective antibacterial therapy. FSDMSsF NPs could effectively kill planktonic bacteria and remove stubborn biofilms through magnetic field guidance, achieving thorough antibacterial efficacy, which has great potential in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Biomimetic multifunctional nanozymes enhanced radiosensitization for breast cancer via an X-ray triggered cascade reaction.

Radiotherapy has been widely applied for breast cancer treatment in the clinic, while improving the radiation sensitivity of tumors and protecting normal tissues from radiation damage has drawn considerable attention. In this study, we reported a biomimetic multifunctional nanozyme (BSA@CeO/Fe2+), which can be used as a radiosensitizer for breast cancer treatment. It was demonstrated that BSA@CeO/Fe2+ presented a pH dependent multiple enzyme like activity that enhances the hydroxyl radical level by cascade catalytic reactions in a tumor microenvironment to obtain a desirable tumor-suppression rate (83.07%). Moreover, BSA@CeO/Fe2+ was also proved to reduce reactive oxygen species levels in normal cells. Additionally, BSA@CeO/Fe2+ nanozymes showed no obvious toxicity by routine blood examination and blood biochemistry assays. Therefore, this work provided a promising strategy for nanocatalytic tumor therapy by rationally designing biomimetic nanozymes with multienzymatic activities for achieving high radiotherapy efficacy and excellent biosafety simultaneously.

Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocyte Therapy Using Versatile Biomimetic Nanozyme Incorporated Nanofiber-Reinforced Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels for the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure

Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocyte Therapy Using Versatile Biomimetic Nanozyme Incorporated Nanofiber-Reinforced Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels for the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure