Biometric Study Research Articles

FIRST REVIEW OF THE LYNCODONTINI MATERIAL (MUSTELIDAE, CARNIVORA, MAMMALIA) FROM THE LOWER PLEISTOCENE ARCHAEO-PALAEONTOLOGICAL SITES OF ORCE (SOUTHEASTERN SPAIN)

Two archaeo-palaeontological Lower Pleistocene sites of Orce (Baza Basin, SE Spain), Fuente Nueva 3 (1.3 Ma) and Barranco Leon (1.4 Ma), preserve some of the earliest evidences of human presence in the European continent. During the 2013 field season, a small Lyncodontini mustelid mandible was found at Fuente Nueva-3. This finding was accompanied by a lower canine (c1), also from the same site, and a lower fourth premolar (p4) from Barranco Leon. Here, we report on the morphological and biometrical study of these materials, in comparison to other Eurasian Pliocene-Pleistocene species of the tribe Lyncodontini. The analyses revealed an affinity between the taxon from Fuente Nueva-3 and Barranco Leon with the small-sized European species Martellictis ardea (Gervais, 1848-1852), allowing us to ascribe the described material to the latter species. The presence of M. ardea in the sites of Orce is the southernmost occurrence of the species in the Iberian Peninsula and an important finding in the scarce fossil record of Lyncodontini in Europe.

Nutritional Potentiality of Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) <i>Tôh</i> Enriched with Flour of Shea Caterpillar (<i>Cirina butyrospermie</i>)

In Cote d’Ivoire, malnutrition is still a public health problem. To remedy this, international institutions involved in this fight recommend the promotion of local resources rich in proteins such as insects and caterpillars. Thus, this study aims to enhance the enrichment of sorghum toh with shea caterpillar flour (Cirina butyrospermie) in order to solve the problems of malnutrition. To do so, 25 young rats of Wistar strain, aged to 50±05 days with an average weight between 45 and 55±5 g were divided into 5 batches were fed respectively with toh formulated with 5%, 10% and 15% of shea caterpillar flour during 15 days. At the end of this period, the nutritional parameters were calculated and biometric study was conducted to evaluate the impact of enriched food on well-being of young rats. The results obtained reveal interesting nutritional potentialities in most parameters. For example, the weight gains obtained varied from 4.86±0.45 g/d to 6.05±0.39 g/d in to rats fed with different formulations of toh enriched with shea caterpillar flour and the diet STScF2 did not show any significant difference with control diet. In terms of biological value, values obtained vary from 84.12% to 90.64% while those of protein retention vary from 11.66±1.85 g to 12.99±0.89 g respectively for young rat fed with diets STScF3 and STScF1. Concerning biometric study, no abnormality was noted following the consumption of these foods. In view of the nutritional potential developed by young rats, the toh enriched with 10% shea caterpillar four, could be retained to solve malnutrition problems.

Impact of the lossy image compression on the biometric system accuracy: a case study of hand biometrics

Impact of the lossy image compression on the biometric system accuracy: a case study of hand biometrics

Impact of the lossy image compression on the biometric system accuracy: a case study of hand biometrics

Biometric recognition systems are used in several cases, to recognise people using images. Storing of large images require large storage space. To reduce the storage space, compression methods are employed. In this paper, we analyse the effect of lossy image compression on the performance of biometric identification systems. We propose a scheme to evaluate the recognition performance at low bitrates of hand images. The images are compressed using set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) encoding. A powerful feature extraction algorithm based on quantising the phase information of the local Fourier transform is used. The nearest neighbour (NN) classifier and the support vector machine (SVM) classifier are employed to classify the feature extraction. The obtained results show at the compression does not significantly affect the performance of recognition operation at low bitrate for unimodal and multimodal systems. Thus, the low bitrate images perform equivalent to uncompressed images in the recognition system.

Biometrical study of developing heart in prenatal Goat

A study was conducted on 28 healthy and normal goat foetuses collected from the local slaughterhouses of Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) during January 2014 to December 2015 to know the biometry of heart at different stages of prenatal life. The weight (0.06 -10.37 g) and volume (0.05 10.10 cc) of heart increased from 46 to 148 days of gestation continuously in a co-linear manner; however, the maximum gain in weight (0.17g/day) and volume (0.17cc/day) of heart occurred during the late prenatal period (101 to 148 days of gestation). Heart weight as per cent of total body weight was reduced with the advancement of age. Length (5.78 -36.60 mm), width (4.61 -21.28 mm), thickness (3.50 -24.90 mm) and circumference (14.00 -73.00 mm) of heart increased with increase in gestation period. Length of cranial and caudal borders of heart continuously increased from 46 to 148 days of gestation; however, the increase in the length of cranial border was more than the caudal border. Therefore, during late gestation period, the cranial border of heart was strongly convex and caudal border was almost straight. The study revealed that all the components of heart increased in size particularly during the late prenatal period of goat foetuses.

Biometric study of the deep bodied mahseer Tor tor (Hamilton Buchanan) from Ujh River, Kathua (J&K)

Morphometric characters and meristic count of a fish, Tor tor (Hamilton Buchanan) have been studied from river Ujh, a tributary of river Ravi in District Kathua, (J&K). Collection of samples on monthly basis was conducted for the study of morphological characters of Tor tor. Present study shows some deviations with respect to few morphometric characters and meristic counts that have been aptly discussed in the following discussion. The positive correlation has been observed between total length and external body parts. The highly strong correlated body parameter in relation to total length is standard length (r = 0.98) and least correlated with eye diameter (r = 0.32) and the highly correlated external body part in relation to standard length is caudal length (r = 0.96) and least correlated part is eye diameter (r = 0.35) and also strong correlation was observed between head length and maximum body depth (r = 0.93) and least correlation between head length and eye diameter (r = 0.23). The correlation analysis shows that all the morphometric characters change proportionally with increase in the total length. These results act as baseline data on morphometry of Tor tor which helps in easy identification and will be beneficial for the development of conservational strategies of the natural stocks of Tor tor in river Ujh, Kathua (J&K).

Biometric measurements of body and internal organ traits of indigenous chickens on free range in South-Eastern Nigeria

A biometric study of the body conformation and internal organs of the indigenous chickens on free range in rural areas of Imo State in South-Eastern Nigeria was conducted using 5 Local Government Areas. It was observed that the predominant plumage colours were black (51.25%) and brown (36.25%) for the hens while the cocks were predominantly black (30.36%) and red (25.01%). The dressed colour of the birds was majorly yellow and white comprising of (70.68%) and (29.32%) for the hens and (77.75%) and (22.25%) for the cocks, respectively. Shank colour was black (95.4%) and white (4.65%) for the hens, while the cocks were (54.24%) black and (46.76%) white respectively. The mean shank length, neck length and back length of 6.725±0.09 cm, 11.11±0.20 cm and 17.77±0.29 cm were estimated for the hens, while the cocks had mean shank length, neck length and back length of 7.79±0.13 cm, 11.35±0.30 cm and 18.29±0.44 cm, respectively. The mean body weights of the hens and cocks were 868.48±21.18 g, and 1032±57.84 g, respectively with cocks being significantly (P<0.05) higher in body weight and back length than hens. The mean biometric and internal organ measures of chickens per Local Government Area (LGA) were also investigated with no significant (P>0.05) differences among chickens in the five LGAs except for weight of proventriculus and full intestine. Regression equations for the prediction of body weight using the biometric and internal organ measurements were obtained under two functional forms (linear and semi-log) which showed a weak coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 7.5 to 24.3% for biometric measurements, and a strong coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 21.4 to 98.89% for internal organs. There was no significant correlation coefficient (r) between the biometric measurements taken, but strong and significant correlation (r) was shown between internal organs and body weight. Therefore, indigenous chickens of South-Eastern Nigeria exhibit wide variability among phenotypes in terms of physical appearance, biometric measurement and internal organ characteristics. More so, the internal organs can be predicted more effectively than biometric measurements by the body weight, using regression models of the two functional forms; and significant indirect selection can be made to improve internal organs like gizzard weight using the bodyweight, due to significant correlation coefficient established.

Morphometric and biometric study of the pinna in malaysian young adult population

Morphometric and biometric study of the pinna in malaysian young adult population

Anatomical Study of Some Selected Bones of the Hind Limb of Local Domestic Dog ( Canis lupus familiaris )

This study was aimed at investigating the age related changes in the morphometry and biometry of some selected bones of the hind limb of Nigerian local dog ( canis lupus familiaris ). In this study a total of fifteen dogs were used as sample and were grouped into five age categories (group A-E). The dogs were aged by estimation using dentition eruption and wearing. The segment of the hind limb was identified and separated from the rest from other parts. The gross study of the hind limb revealed that the hind limb was composed of: ossa coxarum, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal and metatarsal bones. The biometric study revealed that the weight, length, width and circumference were found to be increasing with advancement in age. The result revealed that mean weight, length and circumference of various segments of the ossa coxarum, femur and the tibia tends to increase with age across the group that is from group A to group E. However, there is variation in the length of the fibula, width of the obturator foramen and length of the obturator foramen. Base on the above results, it was concluded that base line data was established with the aim of enhancing learning.

Trichuris trichiura isolated from Macaca sylvanus: morphological, biometrical, and molecular study

BackgroundRecent studies have reported the existence of a Trichuris species complex parasitizing primate. Nevertheless, the genetic and evolutionary relationship between Trichuris spp. parasitizing humans and Non-Human Primates (NHP) is poorly understood. The hypothesised existence of different species of Trichuris in primates opens the possibility to evaluate these primates as reservoir hosts of human trichuriasis and other putative new species of whipworms.ResultsIn this paper, we carried out a morphological, biometrical and molecular study of Trichuris population parasitizing Macaca sylvanus from Spain based on traditional morpho-biometrical methods, PCA analysis and ribosomal (ITS2) and mitochondrial (cox1 and cob) DNA sequencing. Morphological results revealed that Trichuris sp. from M. sylvanus is Trichuris trichiura. Ribosomal datasets revealed that phylogenetic relationships of populations of Trichuris sp. from M. sylvanus were unresolved. The phylogeny inferred on mitochondrial datasets (partitioned and concatenated) revealed similar topologies; Thus, phylogenetic trees supported the existence of clear molecular differentiation between individuals of Trichuris sp. from M. sylvanus appearing in two different subclades.ConclusionsBased on morphological parameters, biometrical measurements, and molecular sequence analysis, we conclude that the whipworms isolated from M. sylvanus were T. trichiura. Further, the evolutionary relationship showed that these worms belonged to two genotypes within the T. trichiura lineage. Since T. trichiura is of public health importance, it is important to carry out further studies to improve the understanding of its hosts range, evolution and phylogeography.

Sex Wise Morphometrical Studies on Orbital Cavity and Foramina of Skull of Adult Blue Bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

Background: The Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is one of the biggest antelopes in Asia and is widely distributed in both the forests and adjoining villages with enough green grass.Methods: The present study was carried out on the orbital cavity and foramina of skull of six specimens of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. The biometrical parameters were measured by scale, graduated tape and digital Vernier’s caliper.Result: The average left cranio-caudal orbital diameter was found to be 5.7±0.11 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 5.3±0.08 cm. Similarly, the average left orbital depth was found to be 5.7±0.08 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 5.3±0.06 cm. The average length of left orbital process of frontal bone was found to be 5.1±0.05 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 5.3±0.07 cm. The average diameter of left supraorbital foramen was found to be 0.31±0.001 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 0.7±0.003 cm. Similarly, the average maximum distance between two cranial palatine foramina was found to be 1.8±0.05 cm in female, which was significantly less (p less than 0.05) than that of males, where it was recorded as 3.3±0.12 cm. Conclusion: Most of the biometrical observations on different parameters of orbital cavity and different foramina of skull of Blue bull were having significantly (p less than 0.05) more values in males than females. The present gross and biometrical studies would be useful to the wild life professionals for determination of sex of this animal and solving vetero-legal cases related with this species.

Intracranial Hemorrhage

Intracranial Hemorrhage

VP64.13: A comparative uterine biometric study on three different ESHRE‐ESGE classes at 3D TVS

VP64.13: A comparative uterine biometric study on three different ESHRE‐ESGE classes at 3D TVS

Restoration of two Carabidae (Coleoptera) species from the Sistema Ibérico Ranges (North-Central Iberian Peninsula): Nebria (Nebria) urbionensis Arribas, 1991 and Zabrus (Iberozabrus) cameranus Arribas, 1994, bonae species.

Two endemic taxa of the Northern Iberian System have been rescued from synonymy using the study of external morphology by means of morphometric analysis and genital anatomy. The causes that possibly led to these two taxa erroneously being identified as synonyms are analysed in this research. In the case of Nebria (Nebria) urbionensis versus Nebria (Nebria) vuillefroyi, their confused relationship was caused by the handling of incorrectly labelled specimens and the subsequent interpolation of distribution areas, which led to overestimating the extent of N. (N.) vuillefroyi to the detriment of recognizing N. (N.) urbionensis as a valid species. According to the criterion that is defended in this work, both taxa are steno-endemic and, therefore, deserve protection due to their reduced habitats. The principle of authority applied by experts, based on an error, may, in this case, have been amplified and contributed to chronify the error. The second case under review is Zabrus (Iberozabrus) cameranus versus Zabrus (Iberozabrus) laurae, which in a recent study of genus Zabrus, were subjected to a totally unjustified synonymy. The origin of such a taxonomic decision must be sought in the concatenation of a series of errors: the number and origin of the specimens studied do not adequately justify the statements and conclusions expressed in the text, the use of a single character (internal sac of the aedeagus) while ignoring other morphological characters, an inadequate taxonomic praxis, and the elaboration of conclusions based on the lack of supposedly-derived characters (that is, relying on symplesiomorphies). All of this does not point towards an adequate reconstruction of the genus systematics. The uni- and multivariate biometric study, together with the morphological features that are contributed in this work (added to those already recognized initially for these species), allow to affirm that, although the taxa in discussion are nearby species and possibly sister taxa, they are perfectly valid: Nebria (Nebria) urbionensis stat. res.; Zabrus (Iberozabrus) cameranus stat. res. In addition to the morphological differences, both species diverge respectively from N. (N.) vuillefroyi and Z. (I.) laurae by 2% of the COI 1 gene sequence. The geographical ranges of Nebria (N.) urbionensis and Zabrus (I.) cameranus are confined to the Sistema Ibérico Septentrional, and are separated by the high Duero Valley from the ranges of N. (N.) vuillefroyi and Z. (I.) laurae, which are located in the Central System.

Study on Biometric Parameters and Genetic Diversity of Labeo rohita from Harike Wetland-A Ramsar Site

Background: Harike wetland (31°08¢ N to 31°23¢ N latitudes and 74°90¢ E to 75°12¢ E longitudes) is an internationally important Ramsar site, supports rare, vulnerable and endangered plants, fish and other faunal species. Weed infestation, pollution and encroachment are considered as important threats of its biota thus time series data with respect to fish diversity, catch composition and genetic variability has an utter importance to interpret changes over time. Cyprinidae family of freshwater fishes includes carps is the largest fish family found in Harike wetland comprising around 50% of total fish composition by weight basis and among carps, Rohu (Labeo rohita) is one of the commercially important food fish species available throughout the year and preferred by consumers. As river Beas and Sutlej, two major rivers of Indus river system confluence at Harike thus possibility of variation within fish stock is very high. With this background present study was carried out to evaluate the fish biodiversity and catch composition of Harike wetland. Study also emphasized on biometrics, length –weight relationship and genetic diversity based on mitochondrial marker genes of commercially important food fish Labeo rohita. Methods: Assessment of fish catch composition and diversity were conducted in landing centre adjacent to Harike wetland through Rapid Fisheries Assessment by Market Survey (RFAMS) technique. Fin tissue samples were collected for genetic diversity analysis of L. rohita by cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequencing, From the fish genomic DNA a partial fragment of approximately 655bp was PCR amplified by FishF1 (5'-TCAACCAACCACAAAGACATTGGCAC-3') and FishR1 (5'-TCGACTAATCATAAAGATATCGGC AC-3') primer pair. Calculation of intraspecific mean and pairwise distances was performed by MEGA 6.0 software using the K2P parameters Results: Total 30 species of fishes were recorded from Harike wetland and these belong to 14 families and 21 genera. In L. rohita average weight (Wt), total length (TL), standard length (SL) and forked length (FL) were recorded 2600±5.64g (1700-3600 g), 58.2±5.65 cm (51.3-67.6cm), 48.0±8.54 cm (42.5-55.5cm) and 46.0±0.25 cm (38.0-54.5cm), respectively. Biometric study revealed that sufficient numbers of mature L. rohita are available in wetland. L. rohita established negative algometric growth (b= 2.701); thus species became slender as it increased in length. The pairwise distances ranged from 0.00 to 18.49% with a mean ±S.E value of 4.70%±0.40. Total of 9 haplotypes were observed in L. rohita COI sequences. The diversity in haplotype and nucletide values were observed 0.848 and 0.024, respectively. The present study states that L. rohita stocks in Harike wetland are genetically diverse.

Fruit, seed and sugar biometry of Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxilacedaceae)

Averrhoa star fruit, popularly known as star fruit, native to Indonesia and Malaysia, belongs to the family Oxilacedaceae, is an ornamental and fruitful grove that gives rise to star fruit. The study of fruit and seed biometrics provides information for the conservation of the species with effective and sustainable use. In this sense the present study aims to study the fruit biometrics and Brixº content of A. carambola analyzing different populations. The analyzes were performed at the Cytogenetics and Plant Tissue Culture laboratory of the University of Mato Grosso State (UNEMAT), Alta Floresta campus. For biometric analysis, 30 fruits were collected from each population. Total length (mm), total width (mm), basal and apical measurements (mm), fresh mass (gr) and sugar content (%) were evaluated. Biometric data were evaluated by statistical analysis by Tukey test 5% probability, determined by the R program, version 3.3.2 with the aid of the ExpDEs version 1.1 package. Based on this study it can be concluded that the study of biometrics for the species A. carambola L is of great importance, because for this study the presented values of the estimated dimensions were high values for all measurements found except for the population three that presented low sugar content, being considered acid fruits. This factor may be related to soil characteristics, so further studies are recommended.

Histological and Biometric Study of the Effects of Fusarium Graminarum Silver Nanoparticles on the Kidney in Male Albino Mice

An approach to synthesizing silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)using a Fusarium graminarum fungus was
 established in the present study.These nanoparticles are identified with the following techniques to confirm
 the form, size, and other physical properties of the crystal:UV-Visible Spectroscopy(UV-Vis),where the
 AgNPs showed absorbance at 420 nm, while X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)showed diffraction peaks at(38.05°,4
 nm).The experiment consisted of 40 mice divided into two groups, the first group of 20 mice was considered
 to be the control animals and the other group 20mice was 21day of treatment with a dose of AgNPs(0.1ml/
 day).Microscopic examination of the kidney section showed lobulated glomeruli,a large area of hemorrhage,
 changes in degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Biometric changes of the renal corpuscle showed
 no significant difference between the study group,while Bowman’s capsule,Proximal,and distal convoluted
 tubules revealed increased significant differences between the two groups.

Bodies and borders in post-imperial Japan: a study of the coloniality of biometric power

ABSTRACT In this article, I conduct a study of what may be called the coloniality of biometric power. In recent years, scholars in social sciences and humanities have shown the continuities of colonialism and racism in the politics of biometric identification. Not only are the origins of biometrics closely related to colonial governance and scientific racism, but contemporary biometric technologies also continue to carry on colonial and racial dimensions in their infrastructures and operations. Inspired by Quijano’s notion of ‘coloniality of power’ and departing from existing social and cultural studies of biometrics, the article explores how biometrics is used for the racial classification of people, the (re)production of colonial structures and subject-object relations during and after colonialism. The article focuses on the case of fingerprinting border controls and surveillance in post-imperial Japan. This particular case geographically expands the literature on the relationship between biometrics and colonialism, which has been largely centred upon European and North American contexts. It also helps to understand how one mode of racialization through biometrics is replaced by another, which empowers a new form of racial governance. Drawing on my analysis of the postwar Japanese fingerprinting system, I suggest that it is important to register different forms of racialization through biometrics as there are different forms of racialized control in different historical and geographical contexts.

Feasibility study of ultrasonic biometrics based on finger vessel imaging by epitaxial-PZT/Si piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer

In this study, we demonstrated a potential usability of a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) for a high-performance body-coupled ultrasonic imager based on an epitaxial lead zirconate titanate (Epi-PZT) thin film. A finger vessel biometrics was proposed as one of its applications. At first, transmitting abilities and receiving sensitivities of the single-element pMUT based on Epitaxial-PZT (Epi-PZT) and polycrystalline-PZT (Poly-PZT) were evaluated as a fundamental study. It was experimentally verified that the Epi-PZT was a preferable material for a higher performance pMUT. Then, the linear array driven by a commercially-available pulser board was constructed, and successfully formed a focused ultrasonic beam. Finally, we demonstrated the ultrasonic imaging of a polydimethylsiloxane-based phantom by using the Epi-PZT pMUT array. We believe this achievement is a great step to realize the finger vessel biometric by pMUT.

Methodological approaches in diagnostics of anomalies of form and dimensions of dental arc taking into account individual morphological features

The results of a biometric study of gypsum models of 174 people of the first period of adulthood with physiological occlusion of permanent teeth made it possible to calculate the boundaries of variability under normodontism, macrodontism, and microdontism for upper and lower dental arches. The length of the upper dental arch during normodontism with an interval of ‘three sigma’ varied from 109 to 117 mm, and the length of the lower dental arch was 101 to 114 mm. A decrease in biometric values by odontometric indicator beyond the limits of sigmal deviations for normodont indicators made it possible to distinguish a micro-type of dental arches, and an increase in biometric values – macro-standard. The calculated data on the relative morphometric values of the dental arches, the index of the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the transversal sizes (normodontism: upper jaw at 1.85 ± 0.20 cu, lower jaw at 1.94 ± 0.20 cu; macrodontism: upper jaw at 1.86 ± 0.03 cu; lower jaw at 1.88 ± 0.02 cu; microdontism: upper jaw at 1.82 ± 0.01 cu, the lower jaw at 1.83 ± 0.02 cu), as well as the index of the ratio of the length of the dental arch to the sum of the diagonal dimensions of both sides (normodontism: upper jaw at 1.05 ± 0.02 cu, lower jaw at 1.10 ± 0.02 cu; macrodontism: upper jaw at 1.07 ± 0.01 cu, lower jaw at 1.08 ± 0.02 cu; microdontism: upper jaw at 1.06 ± 0.02 cu, lower jaw at 1.09 ± 0.02 cu), it is advisable to use for the diagnosis of anomalies in the shape and size of the dental arches in clinical orthodontics and orthopedic dentistry.