Biomedical Industries Research Articles

Enzyme-free method for preparation of sturgeon extracts with antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immune-enhancing functions

Sturgeon has a long lifespan and slow evolutionary rate due to their powerful endogenous antioxidant system. This work aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of sturgeon extracts from both muscle and roe. The extraction process without enzyme hydrolysis is not only simple, but also can produce extracts with better free radicals scavenging abilities than enzymatic hydrolysates in both cellular and in vivo experiments. Moreover, in mouse models with liver injury and immunosuppression treatment, the sturgeon extracts demonstrated strong hepatoprotective and immune-enhancing functions, comparable to vitamin C and ginseng extract supplements, which were attributed to abundant antioxidant peptides of the extracts. The 15 isolated peptides exhibited diverse free radical scavenging ability. Therefore, the sturgeon extracts showed high potential to be applied in food and biomedical industries.

Advancement in biomedical implant materials-a mini review.

Metal alloys like stainless steel, titanium, and cobalt-chromium alloys are preferable for bio-implants due to their exceptional strength, tribological properties, and biocompatibility. However, long-term implantation of metal alloys can lead to inflammation, swelling, and itching because of ion leaching. To address this issue, polymers are increasingly being utilized in orthopedic applications, replacing metallic components such as bone fixation plates, screws, and scaffolds, as well as minimizing metal-on-metal contact in total hip and knee joint replacements. Ceramics, known for their hardness, thermal barrier, wear, and corrosion resistance, find extensive application in electrochemical, fuel, and biomedical industries. This review delves into a variety of biocompatible materials engineered to seamlessly integrate with the body, reducing adverse reactions like inflammation, toxicity, or immune responses. Additionally, this review examines the potential of various biomaterials including metals, polymers, and ceramics for implant applications. While metallic biomaterials remain indispensable, polymers and ceramics show promise as alternative options. However, surface-modified metallic materials offer a hybrid effect, combining the strengths of different constituents. The future of biomedical implant materials lies in advanced fabrication techniques and personalized designs, facilitating tailored solutions for complex medical needs.

The investigation of traceable preparation technique of submicron particle number concentration standards in liquids

The concentration of particles at the nano- and submicron-meter scale in liquid is crucial in multiple fields including the biomedical and semiconductor industry. However, there is still a lack of metrological standards or Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) for liquid-borne particle number concentration (PNC) which could be traceable to the International System of Units (SI). To address this issue, a quantitative and value-traceable preparation technique for liquid-borne particle number concentration CRMs (PNC-CRMs) in a submicron-meter scale based on controllable aerosol generation and collection was developed in this study. In this technique, by using commercial differential electrostatic mobility analyzer (DMA) and calibrated condensation particle counter (CPC), monodisperse aerosol particle with known concentration was initially generated. Then for quantitatively transforming the aerosol particles to the liquid, an aerosol particle collection system was designed and developed by hydrodynamic (CFD) simulations and experiment conducting, and crucial parameters of the collection system, e.g. the nozzle diameter of the aerosol particle outlet, the distance from the nozzle to the liquid surface, and the state of the liquid interface, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized collected parameters, the collection efficiency for aerosol particles of the newly-developed system could reach over 90%. Because the PNC in aerosol is SI-traceable, combined with the obtained collection efficiency and collection time, the PNC in the collection liquid with could be obtained finally and trace to SI unit. Using this technique, two kinds of PNC-CRMs with nominal sizes of 100 and 500 nm were developed successfully, where, certified values were (7–9) × 106 particles/mL and 1.7 × 106 particles/mL, and standard uncertainties are 4.2%.

Exploring the Versatility and Potential of Microbial Cellulose: Applications, Producers, and Sustainable Production Methods

Microbial cellulose (MC) is a versatile biomaterial synthesized by various microorganisms, possessing unique properties such as high tensile strength, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These characteristics make MC suitable for applications in biomedical, food, and packaging industries. Traditionally, Acetobacter aceti has been the primary source for MC production, but recent research has identified other potential microbial producers such as Komagataeibacter xylinus, Sarcina ventriculi, and Rhizobium sp., which offer efficient cellulose synthesis. This study reviews the diverse applications of MC, including wound dressings, edible films, and composites, and discusses cost-effective substrates like sugarcane molasses and fruit waste used in MC production. The paper highlights the importance of sustainable and scalable production methods, exploring the impact of different substrates and environmental conditions on MC yield. Through understanding these factors, the potential for MCbased materials in various industries can be fully realized, promoting environmental sustainability and innovation in material science.

Equity Financing Potential for Leading R&D of Small and Medium-Sized Biomedical Corporations

From the perspective of small and medium-sized innovative biomedical enterprises, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the corporate financing capacity during the equity financing process, aiming to provide valuable insights for the successful implementation of equity financing. The study involved the distribution of a total of 400 questionnaires to Chinese venture capital institutions and SMEs of innovative drug R&D, followed by statistical analysis of the questionnaire data results. In light of the challenges faced by these enterprises during the equity financing process, such as inadequate attention to financing business plans, neglect of financing roadshows, insufficient financing expertise, reliance on single financing approaches or channels, lack of meticulous capital partner selection and enterprises raise capital prematurely, this study proposes several countermeasures. These include prioritizing the financing business plan, emphasizing the importance of the financing roadshows, adopting a diversified financing approach, and objectively determining the optimal entry point for the financing stage. Venture capital can effectively address the financing bottleneck faced by small and medium-sized innovative biomedical enterprises, thereby serving as the optimal financing channel. Not only that, but also can effectively address the bottleneck issues associated with equity financing for small and medium-sized innovative biomedical enterprises and play a pivotal role in the field of innovative drug research and development (R&D). By fostering the development of more efficient novel drugs, it can significantly contribute to the robust growth of China's biomedical industry.

Boosted wear and electrochemical corrosion resistance properties of Ti6Al4V alloy via graphene nanoplatelets and titanium particles

The Ti6Al4V(TC4) alloy is renowned for its robust strength, low density, exceptional resistance to corrosion, and outstanding biocompatibility, making it applicable in aviation, biomedical, and various other industries. However, its application is hindered by its inherent limited hardness and suboptimal resistance to wear. TiC, known for its compatibility with titanium alloys, serves as a frequently employed reinforcing phase in titanium matrix composites. The incorporation of TiC reinforcing phases can be classified into two categories: “in-situ” and “ex-situ”. In this research, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and pure titanium (TA2) were ball-milled to produce graphene‑titanium particles, which were then utilized for the in-situ generation of TiC, and compared with the direct incorporation of nano-TiC into the titanium matrix. The deposition samples of GNPs/TA2/TC4 and nano-TiC/TA2/TC4 composites were fabricated employing the laser directed energy deposition technique. The findings of this research suggest that during the manufacturing process, the graphene nanoplatelets underwent dissolution within the molten pool. The carbon elements from the dissolved graphene nanoplatelets reacted in-situ with titanium elements, resulting in an ‘in-situ reaction’ that generated the TiC reinforcement phase. The microstructures of GNPs/TA2/TC4 and nano-TiC/TA2/TC4 deposition samples exhibit primary TiC in granular, floral, and dendritic morphologies. However, the TiC dendrites generated in situ by GNPs show shorter crystal axes. The GNPs/TA2/TC4 deposition sample displays the most pronounced grain refinement, featuring a mean grain size measuring 2.27 μm. The microhardness values of GNPs/TA2/TC4 and nano-TiC/TA2/TC4 deposition samples are (413 HV0.2 and 526 HV0.2), respectively, representing an increase of approximately 33 % and 69 % compared to the TA2/TC4 pure material deposition sample. The GNPs/TA2/TC4 deposition sample exhibits the lowest friction coefficient (0.236), indicating superior wear resistance. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the GNPs/TA2/TC4 deposited sample is optimal (RP = 23,536 Ω cm2, Icorr = 2.03 × 10−6 A·cm−2, Ecorr = −0.703 V/SCE).

Fabrication and characterization of an alginate-based film incorporated with cinnamaldehyde for fruit preservation

Sodium alginate (SA) is widely used in the food, biomedical, and chemical industries due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent film-forming properties. This article introduces a simple method for preparing uniform alginate-based packaging materials with exceptional properties for fruit preservation. The alginate was uniformly crosslinked by gradually releasing calcium ions triggered by the sustained hydrolysis of gluconolactone (GDL). A cinnamaldehyde (CA) emulsion, stabilized by xanthan without the use of traditional surfactants, was tightly incorporated into the alginate film to enhance its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and UV shielding properties. The alginate-based film effectively blocked ultraviolet rays in the range of 400–200 nm, while allowing for a visible light transmittance of up to 70 %. Additionally, it showed an increased water contact angle and decreased water vapor permeability. The alginate-based film was also employed in the preparation of coated paper through the commonly used coating process in the papermaking industry. The alginate-based material displayed excellent antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Botrytis cinerea, successfully extending the shelf life of strawberries to 7 days at room temperature. This low-cost and facile method has the potential to drive advancements in the food and biomedical fields by tightly incorporating active oil onto a wide range of biomacromolecule substrates.

Solid-State Electromechanical Smart Material Actuators for Pumps—A Review

Solid-state electromechanical smart material actuators are versatile as they permit diverse shapes and designs and can exhibit different actuation modes. An important advantage of these actuators compared to conventional ones is that they can be easily miniaturized to a sub-millimeter scale. In recent years, there has been a great surge in novel liquid pumps operated by these smart material actuators. These devices create opportunities for applications in fields ranging from aerospace and robotics to the biomedical and drug delivery industries. Although these have mainly been prototypes, a few products have already entered the market. To assist in the further development of this research track, we provide a taxonomy of the electromechanical smart material actuators available, and subsequently focus on the ones that have been utilized for operating pumps. The latter includes unidirectional shape memory alloy-, piezoelectric ceramic-, ferroelectric polymer-, dielectric elastomer-, ionic polymer metal composite- and conducting polymer-based actuators. Their properties are reviewed in the context of engineering pumps and summarized in comprehensive tables. Given the diverse requirements of pumps, these varied smart materials and their actuators offer exciting possibilities for designing and constructing devices for a wide array of applications.

Recent advances on antimicrobial peptide and polysaccharide hydrogels

The three-dimensional structure and network that compose naturally or synthetically derived polymers, such as hydrogels, allow for a wide variety in customization of the biomaterial characteristics, thus resulting in various applications. In medical care, hydrogels formed by intrinsic or exogenous antimicrobial components can act as effective vehicles for the administration of drugs and bioactive compounds, as alternatives to traditional wound dressings, and as antimicrobial coatings on implanted medical devices. In food safety, hydrogels with antimicrobial properties are desirable as food spoilage inhibitors. There has been a recent heightened focus on naturally derived hydrogels, due to their cost effectiveness and lack of concern for toxicity, which enhance their potential for a variety of food and biomedical applications. This concise review focuses on the recent advances of naturally derived peptide and polysaccharide antimicrobial hydrogels in the biomedical and food industries.

Recent Progress in Polysaccharide-Based Materials for Energy Applications: A Review.

In recent years, polysaccharides have emerged as a promising alternative for the development of environmentally friendly materials. Polysaccharide-based materials have been mainly studied for applications in the food, packaging, and biomedical industries. However, many investigations report processing routes and treatments that enable the modification of the inherent properties of polysaccharides, making them useful as materials for energy applications. The control of the ionic and electronic conductivities of polysaccharide-based materials allows for the development of solid electrolytes and electrodes. The incorporation of conductive and semiconductive phases can modify the permittivities of polysaccharides, increasing their capacity for charge storage, making them useful as active surfaces of energy harvesting devices such as triboelectric nanogenerators. Polysaccharides are inexpensive and abundant and could be considered as a suitable option for the development and improvement of energy devices. This review provides an overview of the main research work related to the use of both common commercially available polysaccharides and local native polysaccharides, including starch, chitosan, carrageenan, ulvan, agar, and bacterial cellulose. Solid and gel electrolytes derived from polysaccharides show a wide range of ionic conductivities from 0.0173 × 10-3 to 80.9 × 10-3 S cm-1. Electrodes made from polysaccharides show good specific capacitances ranging from 8 to 753 F g-1 and current densities from 0.05 to 5 A g-1. Active surfaces based on polysaccharides show promising results with power densities ranging from 0.15 to 16 100 mW m-2. These investigations suggest that in the future polysaccharides could become suitable materials to replace some synthetic polymers used in the fabrication of energy storage devices, including batteries, supercapacitors, and energy harvesting devices.

Biofilm Formation and Genotypic Characterization of Bifidobacteria from Yoghurt Samples and Food Supplements

This study evaluates the ability of yoghurt and supplement isolated Bifidobacterium species to generate biofilms through characterization of ITS region genes associated with biofilm formation. The objective of this project is to gain a better understanding of the ability of probiotic Bifidobacteria to build biofilms, which is thought to be beneficial for maintaining intestinal microbial balance and reducing the amount of pathogenic and food-spoilage microorganisms. This work is distinctive because it aims to close a knowledge gap on the ability of Bifidobacterium species isolated from yoghurts and supplements to form biofilms. Giving important details on prospective applications for these probiotic Bifidobacterium species, particularly in the biomedical and food industries. Samples including yoghurt samples and food supplements will be cultured using RCA (Reinforced Clostridial Agar) media. The Bifidobacteria will be isolated and then identified using morphological and biochemical analysis. 9 controls of bacteria with established biofilm forming potential will be run. The crystal violet assay will be used to evaluate the ability of various microbes to produce biofilms, and the DNA extraction for the samples and controls will be performed following ITS-PCR for the genotypic characterization. The DNA of the isolated Bifidobacterium species will be run through a gel electrophoresis procedure to determine its size. Comparison of the biofilm forming potential of Bifidobacterium species isolated from yoghurt and food supplements with that of pathogenic bacteria known to build biofilms may provide light on the utilization of probiotics to avoid infections from several pathogens.

New records of helminth infections in Bothrops atrox Linnaeus, 1758 from Marajó Island-Brazil and a literature review with a check list of helminths infecting Bothrops species (Squamata, Viperidae) in the neotropical region

Snakes of the genus Bothrops inhabit tropical forests in Central and South America and are important for the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries because of the chemical properties of their venom. They serve as either definitive or intermediate hosts for many parasitic helminths. The Marajó Island (Brazil) is the natural habitat of venomous snakes, Bothrops atrox and Bothrops marajoensis, which are often found around rural and peri-urban areas and are known to bite humans. Samples of helminths parasitizing the oral cavity, subcutaneous tissues, coelomic cavity, and intestine of four B. atrox from Marajó Island (Pará-Brazil) were collected. The specimens studied were taxonomically classified as trematodes of the species Stycholecitha serpentis, nematodes of the genera Eustrongylides and Camallanus and cystacanths of an acanthocephalan of the genus Centrorhynchus. The aims of the present study were: to record helminths found in B. atrox from the Marajó Island; to discuss their role as definitive, intermediate, or paratenic hosts; and to compile a list of helminths that have been recorded in snakes of the genus Bothrops of the Neotropical region.

Healthcare Waste Management through Multi-Stage Decision-Making for Sustainability Enhancement

The possible threats that healthcare waste management (HWM) poses to the environment and public health are making it more and more crucial for medical facility administrators to be worried about it. This is in line with the global trend towards firms giving sustainability more of a priority. Many organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations, as well as national and state laws, have mandated the proper disposal of infectious and hazardous healthcare waste. To effectively address the complex problem of selecting the best treatment option for HWM, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) procedure must be used. The alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) methodology is provided in the context of q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment. This method comprises two steps of normalization and is based on the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) paradigm. Whereas the AROMAN methodology uses vector and linear normalization techniques to improve the accuracy of the data for further computations, the CRITIC method assesses the intercriteria correlations and scores the significance of each criterion. The ranking from the proposed method is Al5>Al4>Al3>Al1>Al2. The study’s conclusions indicate that recycling (Al5) is the best option since it lessens trash production, aids in resource recovery, and protects the environment. Using this method helps decision makers deal with subjectivity and ambiguity more skillfully, promotes consistency and transparency in decision making, and streamlines the process of choosing the best waste management system. Sustainable waste management practices have been implemented in the biomedical industry with some success. The proposed technique is a helpful tool for legislators and practitioners seeking to improve waste management systems.

Preparation of surgical meshes using self-regulating technology based on reaction-diffusion processes

While reaction-diffusion processes are utilized in multiple scientific fields, these phenomena have seen limited practical application in the polymer industry. Although self-regulating processes driven by parallel reaction and diffusion can lead to patterned structures, most polymeric products with repeating subunits are still prepared by methods that require complex and expensive instrumentation. A notable, high-added-value example is surgical mesh, which is often manufactured by weaving or knitting. In our present work, we demonstrate how the polymer and the biomedical industry can benefit from the pattern-forming capabilities of reaction-diffusion. We would like to propose a self-regulating method that facilitates the creation of surgical meshes from biocompatible polymers. Since the control of the process assumes a thorough understanding of the underlying phenomena, the theoretical background, as well as a mathematical model that can accurately describe the empirical data, is also introduced and explained. Our method offers the benefits of conventional techniques while introducing additional advantages not attainable with them. Most importantly, the method proposed in this paper enables the rapid creation of meshes with an average pore size that can be adjusted easily and tailored to fit the intended area of application.Graphical abstract

The biosynthesis mechanism of bacterioruberin in halophilic archaea revealed by genome and transcriptome analysis.

Recent studies have revealed that halophilic microorganism is a promising microbial factory for the next-generation industrialization. Among them, halophilic archaea are advantageous as microbial factories due to their low contamination risk and low freshwater consumption. The halophilic archaea usually accumulate long chain C50 carotenoids, which are barely found in other organisms. Bacterioruberin (BR), the major C50 carotenoid, has multi-bioactivities, allowing potential application in food, cosmetic, and biomedical industries. However, the low yield impedes its large-scale application. This work figured out the BR synthesis characteristics and mechanism, and proposed several strategies for BR yield improvement, encouraging halophilic archaea to function as microbial factories for BR production. Meanwhile, the archaea have special evolutionary status and unique characteristics in taxonomy, the revelation of BR biosynthesis mechanism is beneficial for a better understanding of archaea.

Thin-Film Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers in Biomedical Applications: A Review.

Thin-film piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) are an increasingly relevant and well-researched field, and their biomedical importance has been growing as the technology continues to mature. This review article briefly discusses their history in biomedical use, provides a simple explanation of their principles for newer readers, and sheds light on the materials selection for these devices. Primarily, it discusses the significant applications of PMUTs in the biomedical industry and showcases recent progress that has been made in each application. The biomedical applications covered include common historical uses of ultrasound such as ultrasound imaging, ultrasound therapy, and fluid sensing, but additionally new and upcoming applications such as drug delivery, photoacoustic imaging, thermoacoustic imaging, biometrics, and intrabody communication. By including a device comparison chart for different applications, this review aims to assist microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) designers that work with PMUTs by providing a benchmark for recent research works. Furthermore, it puts forth a discussion on the current challenges being faced by PMUTs in the biomedical field, current and likely future research trends, and opportunities for PMUT development areas, as well as sharing the opinions and predictions of the authors on the state of this technology as a whole. The review aims to be a comprehensive introduction to these topics without diving excessively deep into existing literature.

Artificial Neural Network and Numerical Simulation for Magneto Hydrodynamics Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Towards a Stretching Cylinder

The present study focuses on influence of boundary layer flow of heat transfer analysis on hybrid nanofluid through a stretching cylinder. Moreover, the impressions of porous medium, heat generation/absorption are discussed. Further, the stimulus of non-linear thermal radiation and MHD are part of this investigation. For motivation, the Artificial Neural Networks also deliberated. Arrogate similarity variables are employed to transform the governing modelled PDEs into a couple of highly nonlinear ODEs. A numerical approach based on the shooting approach with MATLAB bvp5c built in function is employed for solution of the set of resulting ODEs and acquired outcomes are compared with existing literature, obtained results an exceptional agreement. Artificial nerve cells or node locations form a network of nerves, a contemporary name for a chain composed of human brain cells. The impact of physical parameters like Magnetic Field, Eckert number, Porosity, Prandtl number, Heat generation, thermal radiation, parameters on dimensionless velocity and energy fields are discussed through graphs and tables. The velocity profile decreased by about 42% when the magnetic field parameter values increases from 0.5 to 1.5. On the other hand increased by 78% on energy profile. The energy profile improved by about 97% when the Eckert number values increases from 1.0 < Ec < 3.0. The current model may be applicable in real life practical implications of employing Water–Cu/Ag/Al2O3 nanofluids on cylinders encompass enhanced heat transfer efficiency, and extended component lifespan, energy savings, and environmental benefits. This kind of theoretical analysis may be used in daily life applications, such as industrial and biomedical industries.

Development of sustainable X-ray shielding materials: An innovative approach using epoxy composite with crab shell, eggshell, and bone waste

This research aimed to study the fabrication of X-ray shielding with a focus on sustainability and applications in the biomedical industry. Combining an epoxy composite with waste components from crab shells, eggshells, and bones, the study aimed to contribute to the advancement of eco-friendly alternative for use in medical-related scenarios. This study investigated the elemental composition of natural waste from crab, egg, and bone using X-ray fluorescence, revealing calcium as the predominant component. The findings suggested that these natural waste products could significantly contribute to developing eco-friendly and calcium-rich radiation shielding, presenting valuable insights for advancements in radiation protection technologies. Incorporating waste not only lowered radiation levels but also boosted radiation attenuation percentages. The epoxy composite, particularly with egg, showed a linear attenuation coefficient of 0.44 at 120 kVp. While lead exhibits superior shielding capabilities, the new material demonstrates promising potential. These results highlight the potential of natural waste in crab, bones, and egg for advanced radiation shielding, suggesting adaptability for diverse medical applications. Despite increased waste concentrations causing structural concerns in scanning electron microscope, the epoxy composite demonstrated significant radiation absorption and linear attenuation in escalating natural waste concentrations, suggesting adaptability for medical radiation environments. Balancing sustainability and high-performance shielding, future research should optimize these composites for practical medical applications.

Partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) – A promising candidate in corrosion protection of magnesium for the biomedical industry?

Partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PPVA) as anticorrosive coating for AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Four phosphoric acid levels were used to modify PVA, resulting in four PPVA products. They were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), and swelling test. PPVA-coated Mg alloys were evaluated using hydrogen evolution, cathodic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TGA indirectly revealed crosslinked regions in the PPVA structure that increased with acid content. WCA and hydrogen evolution tests suggested that PPVA is a promising polymer for biomedical applications. Corrosion tests showed that the PPVA with 10% acid addition significantly improved the impedance modulus and lowered the cathodic kinetics compared to uncoated samples. The findings of the study suggested that the acid addition in PVA must be at least 10 % to guarantee improved corrosion resistance in HBSS, which indicates this material has potential for biological applications.

Experimental investigation of 3D printed polylactic acid and polylactic acid – hydroxyapatite composite through material extrusion technique for biomedical application

In biomedical industries, composite additive manufacturing are employed for customization, quicker production, efficient use and capital reduction. This experimental work focuses on the development of poly lactic acid (PLA) and novel extruded hydroxyapatite (HA) reinforced poly lactic acid (HPLA) by material extrusion (ME) technique and their properties were compared with that of standard 3D printed PLA. The extruded composite filaments were subjected to thermal characterization (DSC, TGA) and chemical characterization (FTIR) to ensure filament quality and its implementation in ME technique for 3D printing process. In addition, the melt compounded composite filaments were subjected to annealing to observe the influence of heat treatment upon their mechanical properties and thereby to validate their potential to resist breakage during ME process. Taguchi orthogonal array method using MiniTab software is employed to execute the parameter optimization for the 3D printing process. The 3D printed tensile, flexural and impact specimens, using pure PLA and extruded composite filaments, as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards were subjected to a comparative experimental study which showed that 3D printed specimens using PLA and HPLA performed better than that of standard PLA specimens due to the improvement in their crystalline nature. The ruptured specimens were subjected to microstructural characterization (optical microscopy, SEM) to observe failure modes and ash content test was conducted to validate the homogenous distribution HA filler particles in PLA matrix. In addition, mechanical characterization was also performed on 3D printed bone plate/bone scaffold application using extruded filaments of PLA and HPLA, as per ASTM F543 standards, to validate incorporation of the composite filaments in real-time application in biomedical industry.