Biomedical Engineering Industry Research Articles

Book 1. Biopolymer conjugates industrial applications Chapter 1. Biopolymeric conjugation with thermoplastics and applications

Abstract Biopolymers are natural polymers manufactured chemically or generated from biological materials. Biopolymers are a renewable and biodegradable resource. They can be found in various applications in food, manufacturing, packaging, and biomedical engineering industries. Biopolymers are attractive materials due to biocompatibility, biodegradability, natural abundance, and specific properties such as non-toxicity. Biopolymers can be classed on a variety of scales, including origin, the number of monomeric units, the basis of degradability, and heat response. Biopolymers have a wide range of uses due to their unique characteristics and topologies. Biopolymers are reinforced with diverse elements to improve their intended characteristics and practical applications. There is a conjugation of biopolymer with thermoplastic materials. Thermoplastic or thermoset plastic is a form of plastic polymer material that can be molded at a high temperature and solidifies upon cooling. Polylactic acid, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyester are among the many thermoplastics. These thermoplastics were combined with biopolymers to increase their physical, mechanical, and thermal qualities. The works that investigated the conjugation of thermoplastic materials to biopolymers were discussed in this chapter.

Modeling and numerical analysis of micropolar hybrid-nanofluid flow subject to entropy generation

The regulation of energy associated with heat transfer is the most important problem in the food processing, chemical and biomedical engineering industries. Therefore, this investigation explores the heat transfer qualities of micropolar hybrid-nanofluid also considering entropy generation which has recently become central focus of research in the field of heat transfer processes. The purpose of this analysis is to explore the influence of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), viscous dissipation, and heat radiation on the flow of hybrid-nanofluid with micropolar properties above an exponentially shrinking/stretching sheet. A mathematical model is constructed and the solution is acquired by utilizing numerical technique bvp-4c in MATLAB. The befitting usage of the second law of thermal physics helped in conducting the entropy production analysis. The study obtains numerical results for the governing equations, which reveal dual solutions when analyzing a shrinking sheet, contrary to a stretching sheet. The paper presents graphical depictions of the influence of different attributes upon micro-rotation, velocity, surface-friction, temperature, Nusselt number and also the entropy generation plus the Bejan number. Moreover, a comparison of heat transfer rates between conventional nanomaterial and hybrid-nanofluid is provided. The study concludes that dual solutions appear and the wall shear stress coefficient decreases as the values of micropolar parameter [Formula: see text] increase with critical values of [Formula: see text] being [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Also thermal irreversibility, which results from fluid friction near the sheet rather than far from it, is more dominant than total entropy generation.

Effect of CH4 Flow Rate on the Tribological Behaviors of TiCN Films against Si3N4 Ceramic and Steel Ball

Control of the structural, mechanical and tribological properties of TiCN films play an important role in its numerous applications, including the cutting tools, mechanical components, aeronautical and biomedical engineering industries. Direct-current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) system was applied to deposit TiCN films onto n-type silicon (100) at room temperature. The Ti-TiN interlayer was used to enhance the adhesive strength between the coating and the substrate. The composition and microstructure of the TiCN films were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field-emitted scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The mechanical properties of the films as a function of methane (CH4) flow ratio were then characterized using nano-indentation measurements. The tribological behavior of TiCN films was investigated by UMT-2MT tribometer against a Si3N4 ceramic and AISI52100 steel ball. After the tribological tests, the wear rate of the films was obtained by the 3D surface profiler and the component content of wear debris was evaluated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the tribological properties of TiCN films are a function of CH4 flow rates. The film obtained at a 10 sccm CH4 flow rate possesses a minimum average COF value of 0.1964 and reaches 72,000 cycles against a Si3N4 ball over the test duration. Furthermore, the wear rate was only 2.076 × 10−6 mm3/N·m. Furthermore, the TiCN films exhibited longer lifespan against the Si3N4 ball than against the steel ball under the normal load of 1 N, indicating that the TiCN films present better lubricative properties when against low-hardness counterparts than high-hardness counterparts.

Valuation of Biomedical Engineering Industry Under Epidemic: Evidence from Andon Health Company Limited

Contemporarily, under the ravages of the epidemic, nucleic acid testing has become one of the most critical preventive means, hence many nucleic acid testing companies develop rapidly in recent years. In the United States, antigen test kits have been the primary means for the past few years. Meanwhile, in the context of China’s gradual liberalization in the future, the test kit will also have a significant market space. This paper selects Andon Health Company Limited as an investigation target to discuss the valuation of the biomedical engineering industry during the epidemic. Based on the industry attributes and the circumstance of the epidemic, this paper concluded that the valuation of Andon Health is not suitable for some traditional value evaluation methods and models. According to the analysis, the valuation method based on the forecast of future cash flow is more suitable for the valuation of biomedical enterprises. Based on to the DCF valuation method, the value of Andon Health in 2022 is predicted to be 11.2 billion CNY. In this case, the current stock market price of the target enterprise is overvalued because of the biomedical enterprises’ characteristics. These results guide further exploration for valuing similar biomedical enterprises.

A novel methodology of MAF process via a multi-axis/multi-faceted polishing technique for enhancing surface quality of artificial hip joint component

This paper explores a novel methodology of magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) process via a multi-axis/multi-faceted polishing technique to achieve a high surface accuracy of artificial hip joint component such as femoral head used in the field of biomedical engineering. In this process, movement actions are adapted to multiple axes on X, Y, Z, and A directions in the MAF process. Movement of eco-friendly polishing media was driven by magnetic poles on X and Y directions. These eco-friendly polishing media strongly acted against the rotational/vibrational surface of femoral head, creating a multi-faceted polishing of femoral head. Results showed that a novel methodology based on the multi-axis/multi-faceted polishing technique could achieve an ultra-fine and smooth surface polishing of femoral head within a short polishing time of 12 min without causing defects on the surface of a femoral head sample. An average surface roughness value (Sa) of femoral head was successfully improved from 0.301 μm to 0.044 μm. The average improvement in percentage change in Sa of femoral head as 85.38 % was achieved, resulting in the ultra-smooth surface polish on the femoral head surface. Results of this study validated the capability of a novel methodology of MAF process as an efficient and effective technique to achieve an ultra-smooth surface polish for medical components with advantages for biomaterials and biomedical engineering industry.

Review of Nanofluids and Their Biomedical Applications

Numerous researchers have reported significant improvements in nanofluid (NF) heat transfer (HT), suspension stability, thermal conductivity (TC), and rheological and mass transfer properties. As a result, nanofluids (NFs) play an important role in a variety of applications, including the health and biomedical engineering industries. The majority of the nanofluids (NFs) literature focuses on analyzing and comprehending the behavior of nanofluid models as heating or cooling mechanisms in various fields. This article represents a comprehensive study on nanofluids (NFs). It involves commonly used nanoparticles (NPs), magnetic nanofluids (MNFs), thermal conductivity (TC) enhancement, heat transfer (HT) enhancement, nanofluids (NFs) synthesis methods, stability evaluation methods, stability enhancement, nanofluids (NFs) applications in the biomedical field, and their impact on health and the environment. Nanofluids (NFs) play vital role in biomedical applications. It can be implemented in drug delivery systems, hyperthermia, sterilization processes, bioimaging, lubrication of orthopedic implants, and micro-pumping systems for drugs and hormones.

Embedded versus translational research: science-based innovation in biomedical product development

This article examines models of science-based innovation, embedded research and translational research in development of biomedical devices. While the applicability of linear of models of innovation in product develop have been widely questioned, studies have yet to explain how science-based biomedical knowledge production is reduced to practice in development of new devices. To understand how this occurs I investigated concepts of science-based innovation, embedded research and translational research in the context of commercial product development in the powered prosthetic arm industry from 1945 to 2020. I found that development of commercial powered prosthetic arms was strongly influenced by scientific research, with a majority of cases involving the originating researcher contributing to first reduction to practice in new commercial products. Instead of integrated knowledge translation practices, embedded research followed university research in many of the cases. The focus on a biomedical engineering industry limits the generalizability of the findings. Future research directions include examination of other historical and contemporary case studies, and identification of effective practices in embedding knowledge production projects in locations-of-use.

Factors Influencing Private Hospitals' Participation in the Innovation of Biomedical Engineering Industry: A Perspective of Evolutionary Game Theory.

The innovation of the biomedical engineering (BME) industry is inseparable from its cooperation with medical institutions. China has considerable medical institutions. Although private hospitals account for more than half of Chinese medical institutions, they rarely participate in biomedical engineering industry innovation. This paper analyzed the collaborative relationship among biomedical engineering enterprises, universities, research institutes, public hospitals and private hospitals through evolutionary game theory and discussed the influence of different factors on the collaborative innovation among them. A tripartite evolutionary game model is established which regards private hospitals as a stakeholder. The results show that (1) the good credit of private hospitals has a positive effect on their participation in collaborative innovation; (2) it is helpful for BME collaborative innovation to enhance the collaborative innovation ability of partners; (3) the novelty of innovation projects has an impact on BME collaborative innovation. The specific impacts depend on the revenue, cost and risk allocation ratio of innovation partners; (4) the higher the practicability of innovation projects, the more conducive to collaborative innovation.

Trileucine and Pullulan Improve Anti-Campylobacter Bacteriophage Stability in Engineered Spray-Dried Microparticles.

Spray drying biologics into a powder can increase thermal stability and shelf-life relative to liquid formulations, potentially eliminating the need for cold chain infrastructure for distribution in developing countries. In this study, process modelling, microparticle engineering, and a supplemented phase diagram were used to design physically stable fully amorphous spray-dried powder capable of stabilizing biological material. A greater proportion of anti-Campylobacter bacteriophage CP30A remained biologically active after spray drying using excipient formulations containing trehalose and a high glass transition temperature amorphous shell former, either trileucine or pullulan, as compared to the commonly used crystalline shell former, leucine, or a low glass transition temperature amorphous shell former, pluronic F-68. Particle formation models suggest that the stabilization was achieved by protecting the bacteriophages against the main inactivating stress, desiccation, at the surface. The most promising formulation contained a combination of trileucine and trehalose for which the combined effects of feedstock preparation, spray drying, and 1-month dry room temperature storage resulted in a titer reduction of only 0.6 ± 0.1 log10(PFU mL-1). The proposed high glass transition temperature amorphous formulation platform may be advantageous for stabilizing biologics in other spray drying applications in the biomedical engineering industry.

COLUMNS

Biomedical Engineering Industry Alliance (BME IA): Working in Favour of the Industry's Stakeholders Counter-Acting Chemotherapy's Side Effects (Writer's Thought) Treating Patients, Not Diseases

Rapid Prototyping of a Skeletal Muscle ‐ An Engineering Application in an Anatomy and Physiology Course

The Wentworth Institute of Technology (WIT) is an undergraduate institution with a focus on teaching technical design and engineering. Biomedical Engineering students are required to complete the Anatomy & Physiology course sequence. Recently, the teaching effort at WIT is moving towards an externally‐collaborative, project‐based, interdisciplinary curriculum for learning – experiential learning with the goal of career success. As part of the Anatomy & Physiology I course, we developed an interdisciplinary project that concentrates on rapid prototyping, the fabrication of a 3D scale model of an object with the help of computer software. This technique has become increasingly popular in the biomedical engineering industry. Students were given the opportunity to become familiar with the rapid prototyping method and apply it to a biological concept. Students designed and printed a 3D representation of a skeletal muscle. The project was accomplished in groups of 3‐4 students and was co‐taught by instructors of the Departments of Sciences and Mechanical Engineering & Technology. The summative assessment included an oral and written presentation of the project outcome. The perception of learning gains was measured with an anonymous post‐project student survey. The act of integrating tactile muscular facsimiles onto a scaled skeleton provided the students with a better understanding of the reasons why muscles are shaped the way they are and how they work together to manipulate the human skeleton. In addition, the students were able to implement the concepts of the human musculoskeletal system in one of the state‐of‐the‐art design and manufacturing methods in Engineering.

Are you receiving the mentorship you need?

Discusses the need for mentorship in the biomedical engineering industry.

A test procedure for artificial finger joints.

This paper highlights the lack of an agreed testing standard for artificial finger joints. It reviews the anatomy, pathology and biomechanics of finger joints as well as the various designs of finger prostheses and the machines used to test them. While pre-implantation testing should be fundamental, increasing regulation of the biomedical engineering industry will further demand testing of prostheses to pre-agreed standards. Standards relating to the testing of other artificial joints are reviewed before possible parameters for testing finger prostheses are offered.

Socialist commitments of the staff of enterprises and organization of the biomedical engineering industry for 1977

Socialist commitments of the staff of enterprises and organization of the biomedical engineering industry for 1977

The biomedical engineering industry in the Tenth Five-Year Plan

The biomedical engineering industry in the Tenth Five-Year Plan

Experiment in changing to the new system of planning and economic stimulation in the biomedical engineering industry.

Experiment in changing to the new system of planning and economic stimulation in the biomedical engineering industry.