Biomass-activated Carbon Research Articles

Determination of specific surface area of biomass activated carbon vial headspace gas chromatography technique

This paper introduces a method for determining the specific surface area (SSA) of biomass activated carbon (BAC) using a tracer-based headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) technique. The method relies on the adsorption equilibrium of methanol on BAC samples at elevated temperature. A mathematical model allows for the calculation of SSA from the methanol signal obtained during the headspace analysis. The results demonstrate high precision (relative standard deviation < 2.44%) and strong accuracy (correlation with the conventional BET-N2 adsorption method, R² = 0.986). This method offers several advantages over traditional techniques, including ease of operation, significant time efficiency, and the the ability to perform batch determinations of SSA, as multiple samples can be processed simultaneously during the phase equilibrium step.

Removal of methyl orange dye by high surface area biomass activated carbon prepared from bamboo fibers

To obtain a green biomass-activated carbon with abundant pores for the high-efficiency removal of dye, this study fabricated bamboo fiber-based activated carbons (BFACs) via a one-step activation strategy with the assistance of ZnCl2 as the activator for the removal of methyl orange (MO). The results showed that the specific surface area (SSA) of BFAC-500 activated at 500 ℃ was as high as 2512 m2/g with a total pore volume (Vtotal) of 1.411 cm3/g. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of MO conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Based on the Langmuir fitting results, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of MO adsorbed by BFAC-500 was calculated to be 591.71 mg/g at 318 K, pH=4.5, 0.4 g/L, with an equilibrium time of about 60 min. According to the thermodynamic calculation, the value of ΔH0 was less than 40 kJ/mol, which indicates that the adsorption mechanism was mainly based on physical adsorption, and based on the BET, Zeta potential, FTIR, and XPS before and after the adsorption, it was further known that it was mainly characterized by pore filling, electrostatic adsorption, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions. Moreover, when pH < pHzpc, the surface of BFAC-500 was positively charged and the adsorption of Cl-, SO42- and PO43- on MO had little effect; when pH>pHzpc, the surface was negatively charged and the adsorption of BFAC-500 on MO was enhanced by Na+, K+, and Mg2+. The BFAC materials in this study have promising applications in the practical removal of MO dyes.

Preparation of biomass composite activated carbon based supercapacitor materials and their application in energy storage devices

We prepared expired bread activated carbon (AC), ganoderma spore AC and mixed biomass AC by charring and chemical activation methods. The biomass AC based composite was obtained by simple mechanical compounding of graphene and biomass AC. The specific capacitance was 290.47F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. It retained a 99.92% specific capacitance value after 5000 cycles at a current density of 10 A/g. Assembled with hollow NiCo2S4 micron spheres into devices, the specific capacitance of the device was 148.40F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and the energy density reached 56.11Wh/kg at a power density of 807.98 W/kg. The biomass composite AC based supercapacitor material not only shows a higher specific capacitance value than that of a commercial activated carbon by itself, it also demonstrated significant importance in improving the overall performance of the assembled supercapacitor devices.

Effect of MgCl2 Loading on the Yield and Performance of Cabbage-Based Biochar.

Converting more CO2 absorbed by plant photosynthesis into biomass-activated carbon effectively reduces carbon emissions. In this study, we used a one-step preparation of biomass-activated carbon loaded with MgO nanoparticles to investigate the effect of Mg loading on the catalytic pyrolysis process. The influences of magnesium loading on biochar yield and fixed carbon production were assessed. The addition of 1% Mg weakened the carbonyl C=O, inhibited the dehydroxylation reaction, enhanced the C-H signal strength, and the formation of MgO inhibited the weaker- bound substituent breakage. Additionally, the addition of magnesium altered the morphological features and chemical composition of the biochar material. It also increased the activated carbon mesoporosity by 3.94%, biochar yield by 5.55%, and fixed carbon yield by 12.14%. The addition of 1% Mg increased the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon to potassium dichromate, acid magenta, methylene blue, and tetracycline effluents by 8.71 mg, 37.15 mg, 117.68 mg, and 3.53 mg, respectively. The results showed that MgCl2 played a significant role in promoting the thermal degradation of biomass and improving the solid yield and adsorption performance of activated carbon.

Biomass-Derived Mesoporous Nanoarchitectonics with Magnetic MoS2 and Activated Carbon for Enhanced Adsorption of Industrial Cationic Dye and Tetracycline Contaminants

Discharging industrial wastewater containing dyes and antibiotics will irreversibly damage the overall environment and human health and prosperity. In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 and MoS2 were loaded on biomass activated carbon (BAC) using co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, respectively, to obtain MoS2 functionalized magnetic biomass activated carbon (MoS2-mBAC), which was used to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and crystal violet (CV) in wastewater. A series of characterization methods such as SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, VSM and BET were used. The results showed that MoS2-mBAC has abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, high magnetic properties, large specific surface area (984.05[Formula: see text]cm2/g), and MoS2 nanoflowers with a graphene-like structure. Moreover, the whole adsorption process was endothermic, which can be well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity for TC and CV at the optimum pH reached 286.53[Formula: see text]mg/g and 568.18[Formula: see text]mg/g. Compared to BAC and mBAC, the adsorption performance of MoS2-mBAC was greatly improved. After five cycles, the removal rate was still high. MoS2-mBAC has broad application prospects in wastewater treatment due to its unique advantages, such as wide source, simple process, good performance and high economical availability.

As(III) oxidation and kinetic analysis by Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans-loaded electrospinning activated carbon fiber biofilms

In this study, an integrated and assembled recyclable biofilm material was prepared by loading Herminiimonas arsenicoxydans (H. arsenicoxydans) onto electrospun biomass-activated carbon nanofibers (denoted as H. arsenicoxydans-BACFs films). The H. arsenicoxydans-BACFs biofilms showed an approximately 50% increase in As(III) removal rate for 50 mg/L during a 48-h incubation. Furthermore, the biofilms demonstrated satisfactory biocompatibility, ideal catalytic As(III) oxidation and excellent recyclability in cyclic reactions (at least 5 runs). The improved catalytic efficiency is mainly due to a large amount of biomass accumulation and biofilms formation on the surface of the BACF films. More important, the BACF films as an electron transport medium from an oxidized state to a reduced state promote the electron transfer of As(III) oxidation of H. arsenicoxydans. The dual factors can synergistically promote As(III) oxidation efficiency. The oxidation process of As(III) in the H. arsenicoxydans-BACFs composite biofilm reactor was more in line with the first-order kinetic equation, and the oxidation rate of As(III) by H. arsenicoxydans-BACF0.4 was the fastest. The H. arsenicoxydans-BACF films outperformed conventional catalytic materials and could represent biomaterials for the remediation of As(III)-contaminated wastewater.

Remediation of heavy metal polluted waters using activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass: An update of recent trends

The use of a cheap and effective adsorption approach based on biomass-activated carbon (AC) to remediate heavy metal contamination is clearly desirable for developing countries that are economically disadvantaged yet have abundant biomass. Therefore, this review provides an update of recent works utilizing biomass waste-AC to adsorb commonly-encountered adsorbates like Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd, Hg, and As. Various biomass wastes were employed in synthesizing AC via two-steps processing; oxygen-free carbonization followed by activation. In recent works related to the activation step, the microwave technique is growing in popularity compared to the more conventional physical/chemical activation method because the microwave technique can ensure a more uniform energy distribution in the solid adsorbent, resulting in enhanced surface area. Nonetheless, chemical activation is still generally preferred for its ease of operation, lower cost, and shorter preparation time. Several mechanisms related to heavy metal adsorption on biomass wastes-AC were also discussed in detail, such as (i) - physical adsorption/deposition of metals, (ii) - ion-exchange between protonated oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, -COOH) and divalent metal cations (M2+), (iii) - electrostatic interaction between oppositely-charged ions, (iv) - surface complexation between functional groups (-OH, O2-, -CO-NH-, and -COOH) and heavy metal ions/complexes, and (v) - precipitation/co-precipitation technique. Additionally, key parameters affecting the adsorption performance were scrutinized. In general, this review offers a comprehensive insight into the production of AC from lignocellulosic biomass and its application in treating heavy metals-polluted water, showing that biomass-originated AC could bring great benefits to the environment, economy, and sustainability.

Nitrogen-doped porous carbons derived from sustainable biomass via a facile post-treatment nitrogen doping strategy: Efficient CO2 capture and DRM

Nitrogen (N)-doped carbon materials have become promising candidates for many applications. In this paper, the biomass activated carbon (BC) was obtained by carbonization and activation of soybean meal. Using soybean meal as the precursor, potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the activator and melamine as the nitrogen source, a series of N-doped porous biomass carbons (H-NC-X) with different N contents were achieved via a facile post-treatment nitrogen doping strategy. Then these samples were used as a catalyst for dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction and an adsorbent for CO2 capture. Among all the investigated samples, BC has the largest specific surface area and the best pore structure characteristics, showing the best CO2 adsorption capacity. However, when BC was used as a catalyst for DRM reaction, it showed the worst catalytic performance. After nitrogen doping treatment, the CO2 adsorption capacity of the prepared N-doped biomass porous carbon decreased gradually with the increase of the introduced N content. This is mainly due to the destruction of the microporous structure of porous carbon by post-processing nitrogen doping. In contrast, when nitrogen-doped porous carbon was used as the reforming catalyst, the catalytic activity increased with the increase of the introduced N content. The order was: H-NC-30>H-NC-20>H-NC-10. This indicates that when nitrogen-doped porous carbon was used as an adsorbent, the pore structure plays a major role; while when it was used as a reforming catalyst, nitrogen functional groups are the major active sites. This study provides a promising N-doped carbon material for effect CO2 adsorption and DRM reactions.

Fabrication of a Metal‐Organic Framework Composite Modified with Biomass Activated Carbon (BAC) and Functionalized with NH2 for Efficient p‐Nitrophenol Adsorption

AbstractIn this study, a class of low‐cost, hydrophobic commercial activated carbon (AC) and biomass activated carbon (BAC) modified, NH2 functionalized NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@(B)AC adsorbents with different AC loading (0∼15 %) was prepared via taking advantages of the MIL‐53(Al), (B)AC−NH2 group. The as‐prepared composites were used for phenolic adsorption. The results indicated that the removal rate of para‐nitrophenol (PNP) over NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@AC‐10 % was 83.6 %, which is improved by 40.1 % when compared to that of parent NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) (59.4 %). This shows that combination of NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) with AC is an efficient approach to develop an adsorbent with remarkable adsorption capacity. The outstanding adsorption performance of NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@AC adsorbent originated from the increased surface area and pore structure as well as modified surface property owing to the cooperation of NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) and AC. When BAC was fabricated on NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) instead of AC, the removal rate was further increased to 95.5 %. The adsorption capacity for PNP over NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@BAC‐10 % is 181 mg g−1 in low concentration range (co=75∼300 mg L−1), which is superior to those reported in most literature. The mechanism for the strong adsorption performance of PNP onto NH2‐MIL‐53(Al)@(B)AC related to the π‐π and acid‐base interactions, and hydrophobic effect.

Porous Activity of Biomass-Activated Carbon Enhanced by Nitrogen-Dopant Towards High-Performance Lithium Ion Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor

Biomass-activated carbon materials are promising electrode materials for lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LiCs) because of their natural hierarchical pore structure. The efficient utilization of structural pores in activated carbon is very important for their electrochemical performance. Herein, porous biomass-activated carbon (PAC) with large specific surface area was prepared using a one-step activation method with biomass waste as the carbon source and ZnCl2 as the activator. To further improve its pore structure utilization efficiency, the PAC was doped with nitrogen using urea as the nitrogen source. The experimental results confirmed that PAC-1 with a high nitrogen doping level of 4.66% exhibited the most efficient pore utilization among all the samples investigated in this study. PAC-1 exhibited 92% capacity retention after 8000 cycles, showing good cycling stability. Then, to maximize the utilization of high-efficiency energy storage devices, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with high specific capacity, was compounded with PAC-1 in different ratios to obtain NCA@PC composites. The NCA@PC-9 composite exhibited excellent capacitance in LiCs and an energy density of 105.45 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 13.3 kW kg−1. These results provide guidelines for the design of high-performance and low-cost energy storage devices.

Degradation Effect of UV Synergistic Biomass Activated Carbon Materials on Phenol Pollutants in Water

The purpose of the study is to purify the water containing phenol pollutants. The degradation effect of phenol pollutants in water is studied through the combined action of UV and biomass-activated carbon. First, the phenol solution is prepared in the laboratory to simulate the polluted water. Second, the phenol adsorption effects of UV synergistic biomass activated carbon, biomass activated carbon and ordinary industrial activated carbon under different influencing factors are compared by experiments. Finally, the results are analyzed and the conclusions are drawn. The results show that the UV synergistic biomass activated carbon has the strongest degradation ability for phenol, and the highest removal rate is 66.5% when the shaking time is 65 minutes. The adsorption ability of the industrial activated carbon for phenol is the worst. When the initial concentration of phenol is 25mg/L, the maximum phenol removal rate is 96.8%. The maximum phenol removal rate of biomass activa ted carbon appears in the initial concentration of phenol and the phenol removal rate is 60 mg/L. The reaction temperature has little effect on the phenol removal rate of UV synergistic biomass activated carbon and biomass activated carbon. The phenol removal ability of UV synergistic biomass activated carbon and biomass activated carbon reaches the highest when the dosage of activated carbon is 2.0 g, and the rates are 96.4% and 91.1%, respectively. When the pH of the solution is 7, the removal rate of UV synergistic biomass activated carbon reaches a maximum of 97%. When the pH of the solution is 6, the removal rate of biomass-activated carbon reaches the maximum. When the pH of the ordinary industrial activated carbon is 7, the removal rate is the maximum. Due to different influencing factors, UV synergistic biomass activated carbon has the strongest phenol degradation ability. This study provides a reference for the purification of polluted water.

Fabrication of MIL-53(Al) based composites from biomass activated carbon (AC) for efficient p-nitrophenol adsorption from aqueous solution

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop a class of novel MIL-53(Al) based composite with high phenolic compound adsorption capacity to treat highly toxic phenolic wastewater. MethodMIL-53(Al)@AC-x composites with different AC loading (x) were constructed by combining MIL-53(Al) with cheap biomass AC derived from cheap rice husk. The adsorbents were characterized by various methods. Significant findingsThe results showed that the surface area and pore volume of all MIL-53(Al)@AC-x composites increased remarkably, which are much higher than those of pristine AC and MIL-53(Al). The p-nitrophenol adsorption rate of MIL-53(Al)@AC-10 was higher than pristine MIL-53(Al) by 36%. The adsorption performance decreased in the order of MIL-53(Al)@AC-10 > MIL-53(Al)@AC-15 > MIL-53(Al)@AC-5 > MIL-53(Al). The maximum adsorption capacity for p-nitrophenol of MIL-53(Al)@AC-10 reached 250 mg.g−1, which are higher than the data reported in most literature. The fabrication of AC into MIL-53(Al) is a promising method to obtain a composite with high adsorption capacity and stability. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms fitted well with pseudo-second-order model and Langmiur model. The adsorption is mainly through the π-π and hydrogen bond interactions, and hydrophobic effect.

Oxygen-Enriched Biomass-Activated Carbon Supported Platinum Nanoparticles as an Efficient and Durable Catalyst for Oxidation in Benzene

Carbon materials have been widely utilized as supports in different catalytic reactions; however, it has been rarely reported that carbon supports were used in the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds because they have no catalytic activity and poor catalytic stability compared to metal supports. Herein, fabricating optimal carbon supports to facilitate the catalytic oxidation of benzene has become a great concern of research. A novel activated carbon (biomass–HCO) was prepared from different waste biomass via a three-stage route without the participation of harmful chemical reagents. The successful synthesis of C–O bonds and C═O bonds through this method could greatly increase oxygen-enriched functional groups and defects of the biomass–HCO surface, which could effectively promote the nucleation and growth of platinum. Benzene oxidation reactions were performed to evaluate the activity of catalysts. The results demonstrated that Pt/biomass–HCO catalyst made the reaction temperature sharply decrease to 160 °C at T₉₀. The 150 h on-stream reaction exhibited great thermal stability of Pt/biomass–HCO. The DFT calculations verified the strong interaction between Pt nanoparticles and carbon supports. Moreover, our demonstration of the superior benzene oxidation activity of Pt/biomass–HCO catalysts revealed that it is feasible to utilize oxygen-enriched biomass carbon as catalytic supports toward the oxidation of volatile organic compounds.

Preparation and characterization of activated carbon/ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene composites

AbstractThis research uses physical mixing and twin‐screw extrusion process to prepare biomass activated carbon (BAC)/ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite materials. The mechanical properties, micro‐morphology, and thermodynamic properties of the composite materials were explored. The experimental results show that the tensile strength of 65% activated carbon added to the composite material has changed from 22.93 to 97.65 MPa, which is an increase of 325.86%. According to the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, a schematic diagram of the internal combination of the composite material is made, the concept of a three‐dimensional network interpenetrating three‐dimensional structure is proposed, and the mechanism of tensile properties enhancement is explained. Obviously, as the carbon content increases, the storage modulus (E′) also increases, and the loss factor (tan δ) and glass transition temperature (Tg) also change. The ability of composite materials to resist pyrolysis has also been enhanced. The above results indicate that BAC as a filler of composite materials can improve various performances.

Utilization of bark waste of Acacia mangium: The preparation of activated carbon and adsorption of phenolic wastewater

After the extraction of industrial tannins from Acacia mangium, there is a lot of bark waste. Thus, we use these bark wastes to produce activated carbon using the phosphoric acid activation method. The information entropy weight method is employed to select the best process according to the weight coefficients of the activated carbon yield and value of methylene blue adsorption. In this study, the phenol adsorption behaviors of activated carbon and its thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics are investigated. The results indicate that the best process for the preparation of activated carbon from the bark waste of Acacia mangium involves phosphoric acid concentration of 50 %, carbonization temperature of 500°C, and carbonization time of 90 min. Under these conditions, activated carbon obtained from the bark waste of Acacia mangium in this study is 53.04 %, and the value of methylene blue adsorption is 6.0 mL/0.1 g. In liquid, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon increases with the initial content of phenol, and the highest value is around 96.92 mg g−1, which is obtained at 25°C. The adsorption thermodynamic is well expressed by the Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation, and the adsorption behavior curves flow McKay second-order adsorption kinetic equation. This result indicates that phenol wastewater is absorbed very well by activated carbon prepared from the bark waste of Acacia mangium. This study lays the foundation for further development of biomass-activated carbon strategy and provides a promising insight into the enhancement utilization of Acacia mangium.

Pinecone biomass‐derived activated carbon: the potential electrode material for the development of symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors

Activated carbon, from biomass (pinecone), was synthesized by conventional pyrolysis/chemical activation process and utilized for the fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes. The pinecone-activated carbon synthesized with 1:4 ratio of KOH (PAC4) showed an increase in surface area and pore density with a considerable amount of oxygen functionalities on the surface. Moreover, PAC4, as supercapacitor electrode, exhibited excellent electrochemical performances with specific capacitance value ∼185 Fg−1 in 1 M H2SO4, which is higher than that of nonactivated pinecone carbon and 1:2 ratio KOH-based activated carbon (PAC2) (∼144 Fg−1). The systematic studies were performed to design various forms of devices (symmetric and asymmetric) to investigate the effect of device architecture and operating voltage on the performance and stability of the supercapacitors. The symmetric supercapacitor, designed utilizing PAC4 in H2SO4 electrolyte, exhibited a maximum device-specific capacitance of 43 Fg−1 with comparable specific energy/power and excellent stability (∼96% after 10 000 cycles). Moreover, a symmetric supercapacitor was specially designed using PAC4, as a positive electrode, and PAC2, as a negative electrode, under their electrolytic ion affinity, and which operates in aqueous Na2SO4 electrolyte for a wide cell voltage (1.8 V) and showed excellent supercapacitance performances. Also, a device was assembled with poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanostructure, as positive electrode, and PAC4, as a negative electrode, to evaluate the feasibility of designing a hybrid supercapacitor, using polymeric nanostructure, as an electrode material along with biomass-activated carbon electrode.

Biomass-Based Synthesis of Green and Biodegradable Molecularly Imprinted Membranes for Selective Recognition and Separation of Tetracycline

Aggravating environmental problems have driven the unprecedented development of sustainable materials. Treatments of environmental pollutants with biomass-based sustainable materials are catching attention of more researchers. In the present work, a biomass-based strategy was developed to prepare sustainable molecularly imprinted nanocomposite membranes (S-MINMs). Based on this strategy, biomass-activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) as the porous filler were integrated into the porous cellulose acetate (CA)/chitosan (CS) hybrid membranes to synthesize renewable and easy degradable basal membranes. The specific recognition sites were fabricated from simple free radical polymerization method, and using methacrylic acid (MAA) and acrylamide (Am) as functional monomers, we obtain improved adsorption capacity on tetracycline (TC, template molecule). Performance of S-MINMs was evaluated by adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, perm-selectivity, reusability and biodegradability. Results indicated that the as-prepared S-MINMs not only exhibited desirable biodegradability, but also possess superior adsorption and separation performance toward TC (15.99[Formula: see text]mg g[Formula: see text] for adsorption capacity and 4.91 for perms-selectivity factor). The method developed here shows great potential for development of sustainable membranes for selective separation of various pollutants.

Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Supported by Biomass-Activated Carbon for Highly Efficient Total Chromium Removal from Electroplating Wastewater

The application potential of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) in wastewater treatment is huge and has attracted a lot of attention. In this study, the composite material BC-nZVI was prepared by emulsion of nZVI and biomass-activated carbon (BC) under the mechanical agitation condition, and was characterized by SEM-EDX, XRD, XPS, and FTIR. The decontamination abilities of BC-nZVI were tested by the removal of total chromium (Cr) from electroplating wastewater. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of Cr in the electroplating wastewater by nZVI particles can be effectively improved when supported with BC, but cannot be improved in its storage capacity. The chemical adsorption process between the Cr and BC-nZVI is the main rate-limiting step in the removal of total Cr from wastewater, and multiple parameters such as dosage, pH, and initial concentration of Cr was found to affect the rate.

Preparation of Lotus Root-Type Monolithic-Activated Carbons with an Hierarchical Pore Structure from Rice Husks and Their Adsorption of Vitamin B12.

Activated carbon is widely used in many fields because of its well-developed pore structure. Especially in hemoperfusion, activated carbon beads derived from macroporous resin spheres are the predominant adsorbents in hemoditoxifiers. In comparison, biomass-activated carbon attracts more extensive attention on account of its renewability and environmental protection. In this study, a lotus root-type monolithic-activated carbon with a hierarchical pore structure was made from rice husks by the injection molding process followed by carbonization and activation. The straight square channels with the side length of about 1.3 mm were designable, and these channels with adjustable lengths were favorable for the fluid flow during blood purification compared with the tightly packed carbon beads in commercialized hemoditoxifiers. Complementally, the hierarchical nano-sized pores in the walls of the big channels would contribute much to the adsorption capacity for the monolith. Specifically, the adsorption of vitamin B12, a representative of middle molecular toxins in human blood, was about 3.7 mg g–1, which was acquired by simulated in vitro hemoperfusion tests and this demonstrated the promising application of the lotus root-type biomass-activated carbon in hemoperfusion.

Adsorption Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Biomass-Activated Carbon in Flue Gas

Activated carbon (AC) injection is a well-proven end-of-pipe control technique for reducing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission from flue gas. This paper introduces an effective and econ...