Biological Preparations Research Articles

The assimilation surface of winter wheat under the effect of seed treatment with biological preparations

Purpose. To establish the peculiarities of the winter wheat assimilation apparatus development under the effect of seed treatment with biological preparations.
 Methods. Research was conducted using field, laboratory and mathematical methods in 2019–2022 in the stationary crop rotation of the Department of Crop Production of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine on typical podzolized chernozems in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The peculiarities of the formation of the assimilation area of winter wheat under the application of biological preparations for seed treatment were studied with the use of the following preparations: Binok Zerno, Rizomax, Trichodermin, Planoriz, Urozhai Start. N32P32K32 fertilizer and complex granular fertilizer DuraSOP actibition were applied in seedbed preparation. The leaf area and glumes were calculated using the Petiole Pro program. The area of the stem was determined by the formula of the external area of the cylinder.
 Results. The flag leaf is quite important for the formation of a high yield of winter wheat, since its loss or damage significantly reduces the flow of photosynthetic assimilates into the plant. In particular, in the earing phase (BBCH 57), on average its area was 7.68 thousand m2/ha and good indicators of the formation of the area of the flag leaf were in the treatments with Binok Zerno and Harvest Start, both separately and in combination. In the next phase of development – flowering (BBCH 65) – the patterns were preserved, although the combination of Binok Zerno in a complex with fertilizer Harvest Start was better – 9.24 thousand m2/ha. A decrease in the total assimilation area was observed as a result of the gradual dying off of the leaves of the lower tiers, a reduction in the possibility of photosynthesis of the flag leaf and a decrease in the area of the ear involved in assimilation. In particular, on average according to the experiment, in the earing phase (BBCH 57), the total assimilation area of winter wheat was 51.9 thousand m2/ha; in the flowering phase (BBCH 65) 51.8 and in the phase of milk grain ripeness (BBCH 75) 29.3 thousand m2/ha. The total area of the assimilation surface in the earing phase (BBCH 57) was the largest for the combined seed treatment with the biological preparation Binok Zerno and the fertilizer Urozhai Start – 61.7 thousand m2/ha. In the future, in the phases of flowering (BBCH 65) and milk ripeness of grain (BBCH 75), the obtained patterns were preserved and the best treatment was the combined application of Binok Zerno and Harvest Start. By the end of the vegetation season, the concentration of the main photopigments in the leaves of winter wheat decreased In the phase of milk ripeness of the grain (BBCH 75), the content of chlorophyll a was 11.01 mg/g and chlorophyll b 3.93 mg/g. However, at earlier stages of wheat ontogenesis, the content of chlorophyll b in leaves increased, while chlorophyll a per gram of leaf dry matter decreased. It was established that the average content of chlorophyll a was 11.6 mg/g during the earing phase (BBCH 57), while the content of chlorophyll b was 4.09 mg/ha. In the flowering phase (BBCH 65), their content was 11,4 and 4.14 mg/ha, respectively. It was determined that the complex seed treatment with Binok Zerno + Harvest Start together with fertilizer N32P32K32 + Actibion ensured a higher content of chlorophylls – 16.3; 16.0 and 15.4 mg/g of dry matter, respectively.
 Conclusions. The application of the studied biological preparations for the seed treatment of winter wheat seeds contributes to a significant increase of the indicators of the total assimilation area of plants throughout the vegetation season, in particular its components, such as the area of flag leaves, blumes and stems, as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments. Established regularities of plant growth and development are important factors for optimizing crop cultivation technology in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine.

Biofungicides in the cultivation technology of spring wheat

In order to reduce the pesticide load on agrocenoses, studies of the effectiveness of biofungicides in the cultivation of spring wheat are very significant Studies were carried out in 2019-2021 on the experimental field of the plant protection department of the SFNCA RAS, located in the forest- steppe zone of Priobye. The possibilities of using microbiological preparations Trichodermin, Sporobac-terin and Fitosporin- M to protect spring wheat from diseases were studied on crops of the Novosibirskaya 31 variety. The effect of biological preparations on the development of leaf diseases as well as on the growth processes and yield of wheat was studied. The development of leaf infections was moderate. Against septoriosis in the phase of the beginning of milk maturity of grain ef ciency of the treatments of crops with Fitosporin- M and fungicide Titul Duo was 47,3 % and 67,7 %, in combination with the treatment of seeds - 31,2-75,3 %. Against powdery mildew, the efficiency of seed treatment with Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, Scarlet, and crop treatment with fungicide Titul Duo ranged from 6.7 % to 52.2 %, and against leaf rust, from 82.6 % to 95.6 %. Treatment of crops with Fitosporin- M and its combination with seed treatment had no deterrent effect on these leaf diseases. Growth of the flag leaf area in the experiment was 9,4-41,9 % relative to control (11,7 cm2); it was greatest in Trichodermin+Titul Duo and Sporobacterin+Titul Duo variants. Treatment of seeds and crops with preparations had an effect on the structure of the wheat ear. The combined treatment of the seeds with biological preparations and sowing of wheat with Fitosporin- M and Titul Duo resulted in the increase of such indices as the ear length (by 8,1-17,9 %), number of ears (by 6,1-14,4 %) and grains (by 21,8-43,4 %) in an ear, weight of grains per ear (by 28,9-61,1 %). Weight of 1000 grains increased significantly in all variants of the experiment by 2.7-14.0 %. Trichodermin + Titul Duo, Sporobacterin + Titul Duo, and Scarlet + Titul Duo were comparable in yield, 0.75 t/ha, 0.72 t/ha, and 0.80 t/ha, respectively; treatment of the crops with Fitosporin- M and Titul Duo resulted in additional 0.25 t/ha and 0.66 t/ha of the control (2.31 t/ha).

Cultivation of Saprobic Basidiomycetes (Bjerkandera adusta, Phlebiopsis gigantea and Sistotrema brinkmannii) Using Different Biological Waste Substrates

Abstract Development of new biological preparations to control Heterobasidion root rot is a complex process, but when a potential antagonist is identified, cultivation of the fungus is required. In this study, five different substrates (deciduous sawdust, coniferous sawdust, rye bran, straw and corn kernels) were tested as substrates for the cultivation of three fungal species: Bjerkandera adusta, Phlebiopsis gigantea, and Sistotrema brinkmannii, which could be potentially used against Heterobasidion spp. Mycelial growth was evaluated visually, and oidia production was estimated microscopically. In the straw substrate, P. gigantea produced significantly more (p < 0.05) oidia compared to the other substrates. In addition, oidia production at two different incubation temperatures were compared. As a result, the best substrate for cultivation of all three fungal species was coniferous sawdust.

Diseases and productivity of peas for grain sowing in the conditions of the Tyumen region

. Studies on the stability of resistance to leaf stock, crop productivity, the boundaries of different morphotypes of grain-oriented peas and the assessment of protection methods were carried out in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. During the growing season, according to the indicators of peas, leaf-stem diseases are observed with different rates of development and timing of manifestation (Ascochyta, p. Uromyces, p. Erysiphe communis G). The development of diseases in allergic years is long: ascochitosis (p. Ascochyta) - 10-20%, powdery rose (p. Erysiphe communis) - 11-49%, rust (p. Uromyces) - 0.2-20%. The smallest damage of 5.5-6.6% was observed on the lines TM 12-158, 12-160, 12-162, 06-452, 12-214, 09-280 or 11% of the entire set of varieties studied. To powdery mildew, 22% of varieties note a decrease in disease damage by 10%, and especially line TM 12-214. Reduced rust damage was noted in 14% of varieties (Tomas, ТМ-06-257, ТМ-06-455, ТМ-07-336 - 6.6-8.8%). The manifestation of diseases depends on weather conditions, the directed use of the morphotype, and the genetic resistance of the variety. The yield for the period of study of pea varieties of the sowing grain direction varied from 3.5 to 4.6 t/ha, stable yields in the cultivar samples of the morphogroup chameleon with a significant increase of 0.58-0.72 t/ha. The study of comparative pea protection schemes showed the mandatory need for pre-sowing seed treatment using chemical dressing, biological preparations, agrochemicals, where there is a positive effect on the development of the root system, growth vigor, and a 70-80% reduction in pathogenic fungi on seeds and roots. During the growing season, the use of one fungicidal treatment was more economical, environmentally friendly and contributed to the preservation of the yield of 0.3-0.4 t/ha.

Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Ecotypes Response to Accumulation of Heavy Metals during Reforestation on Chalk Outcrops

As objects for reforestation, the least studied are carbonate substrates, which have a number of specific features in terms of mineral composition, the exchange of nutrients, and biological activity. The use of biological preparations of a consortium of bacteria of the genus Bacillus and mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Glomus in growing seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on carbonate substrates provides the metabolic products; soluble and microelement salts function as catalysts for chemical reactions of exudates and soil products; and a greater amount of plant heavy metals (HM) Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb accumulate in the soil. Among HMs, the random factors most strongly determined an accumulation of Cd (the influence rate of random factors h2x = 34.6%) and Pb (the influence rate of random factors h2x = 21.7%) in the plants. A trend of all studied HMs higher uptake by the Cretaceous pine (Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea (Kalen.) Kom.) in comparison with the P. sylvestris ecotype is revealed. Against the biological preparation background of Biogor KM and MycoCrop®, a greater value of the HM’s biological absorption in comparison with the option without biological preparations is noted. This process occurs against a background of a significant increase in the nitrification capacity in the chalk fine-grained substrate (soil aggregates < 1 mm in size), which is an indirect indicator of an increased intensity of microbiological processes. Spearman’s correlation was noted between the coefficient of accumulation of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the dry matter of Scots pine (P. sylvestris) seedlings and the nitrification capacity of substrate (rs = 0.610–0.744, p < 0.05), as well as the relationship between the nitrification capacity index of substrate and the coefficient of biological absorption of copper, zinc, and cadmium (rs = 0.543–0.765, p < 0.05). No relationship was found between the coefficient of biological absorption of lead and other soil chemical property indicators. HM absorption by plants was random. No correlations have been established between an accumulation of HMs and a content of total nitrogen, an absolute value of nitrate nitrogen, a humus content, or a pH. The significance of the work is the possibility of providing reliable reforestation with Scots pine (P. sylvestris) and Cretaceous pine (P. sylvestris var. cretacea) on the chalk outcrops using the biological preparations Biogor KM, MycoCrop®, and BGT* methodology and ensuring soil phytoremediation from HMs.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И ФИНАНСОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ В ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВЕ ОРЕНБУРГСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The priorities of agriculture development in the emerging social and economic conditions are scientific and technological progress and innovative processes that ensure consistent technological and technical renewal of all branches of agro-industrial production. The main goal of innovative development of animal husbandry is to ensure the food independence of the state and meet the needs of the population in high-quality environmentally friendly food. The intensity and specialization of animal husbandry requires the development of fundamentally new technologies, and the existing economic mechanism for activating innovative processes does not provide the necessary pace of their introduction into production. Investments in fixed assets of the agricultural sector of Orenburg region for the period 2017-2021 increased by 93.5%, the share of investments in agriculture increased by 1.58 percentage points and amounted to 3.6%. The costs of research and development in agricultural sciences in the region in 2021 amounted to 255.6 million rubles, which is 44.6% more than in 2017. All this testifies to the strengthening of the innovative development of the industry in Orenburg region in recent years, but there remain insurmountable barriers associated with a lack of funding, with weak technological infrastructure, and a low level of digital literacy in rural areas. The structure of financing innovative and technological measures for the development of animal husbandry in the region is dominated by its own resources, but they are not enough to organize modern competitive production. The shortage of own sources of formation of fixed and working capital has been and remains the main problem of the deterioration of technical means and low rates of innovative transformation of agricultural sectors.

The influence of biofertilizers and biologics on the fertility and productivity of gray-earth soils of the south-east of Kazakhstan

The article presents the results of a study on the use of biofertilizers and biologics (biohumus, manure, HansePlant, BioEcoGum, Tumat and Agroflorin) on the indicators of fertility and productivity of gray-earth soils of the south-east of Kazakhstan. In the variants of biofertilizers and biologics, the increase in total humus compared to the control was 0.02-0.04 %. Increase of nitrate nitrogen, respectively (0.4-1.1 mg/kg), mobile elements of phosphorus (10.2-16.3 mg/kg), potassium (14.4-22.2 mg/kg) and sulfur (0.1-0.5 mg/kg). The use of biofertilizers and biological preparations has shown an improvement in the agro- and water-physical properties of the soil. Biofertilizers and biologics contributed to an increase in the quantitative and weight index of large nodules formed on the main root, where active nitrogen fixation occurs (12.2-19.0 pieces or 33.5-49.7 % of all formed nodules). The largest number of nitrogen fixators was also observed in soil samples with biofertilizers and biological preparations (from (9.2±1.3) ×106 to (14.8±0.7)×106). The introduction of biofertilizers and biologics increased the content of protein (34.71-34.92 %) and fat (29.50-30.78 %) in soybean plant samples. According to the content of heavy metals in soybean grain (Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co), the indicators in these variants did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. On average, in 2021-2022, a higher level (31.4-39.8 c/ha) of soybean grain yield was obtained on variants with biologization means. At the same time, the highest yield was obtained when treated with HansePlant – 39.8 c/ha, slightly lower than 35.2-38.6 c/ha (BioEcoGum and Tumat). On variants with the aftereffect of vermicompost and manure, respectively, 31.4 c/ha were obtained. With the yield under control - 24.2 c/ ha.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Biologics in the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis from a Health Care Provider's Perspective

Introduction: Psoriasis (psoriasis) is a chronic disease with a number of significant comorbidities and often with a very significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Recently, a relatively large number of biological treatment products with a significant effect have entered the market, but they are also significantly more expensive than systemic conventional treatment. In the context of the published long period of inadequate treatment of patients with psoriasis in the Czech Republic, the health care system and the limited costs of center drugs, it is necessary to make the greatest possible effort at the level of the provider of this health care to effectively spend financial resources and provide highly effective treatment to the greatest possible number of patients. Method: With a model-set amount of the unit prices of the packaging of preparations according to the maximum reimbursements in the Czech Republic in 2021, a fictitiously set amount of bonuses for only two selected preparations (this is a model example that does not reflect the real state of business policy at the University Hospital Olomouc), and the conditions for reimbursement of biological treatment preparations psoriasis in the Czech Republic in 2021, a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was carried out in the selected PASI 100 efficiency parameter. The analysis was carried out and processed interactively in the Excel software into the graphical form of the outputs, especially in the form of forest plot graphs (in the CER and ICER parameters) and in a two-dimensional efficient frontiers graph (costs vs. efficiency). Results: The differences in the cost-effectiveness of individual preparations according to the point values of the CER and ICER parameters are up to several times. Taking into account the 95% confidence intervals, some of the differences between the preparations are also statistically significant. With the most cost-effective sequence of treatment for a gradually more effective drug in one patient during the induction period of treatment, we can, based on the saved costs, start induction treatment with a less effective biologic in two more patients than when using the second cost-effective sequence of treatment escalation. Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of biological drugs in the treatment of psoriasis at the level of the health service provider has great potential in the effort to make the treatment as effective as possible with limited financial resources, or in the effort to provide effective treatment to additional patients with the same limitations

Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles and their testing on flax seeds

This work sets out to investigate a green-synthesized biopreparation produced by introducing iron or copper nanoparticles into a microbial liquid-phase biological product (LBP). The obtained nanoparticles were analyzed by diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy and introduced into the LPB at the stage of its ripening in the LPB:particle solution volume ratio of 50:1. As a result, two new biopreparations – LPB-Fe and LPB-Cu – were obtained. All LPB samples, as well as iron and copper nanoparticles, underwent laboratory testing on flax seeds of Tverskaya variety. Iron or copper nanoparticles in the composition of biological preparations were found to affect positively the process of seed germination. In the LPB-Fe variant, seed germination ranged between 86–91%, which exceeded that in the control by 3–12%. In the LPB-Cu variant, seed germination ranged between 86–93%, which exceeded that in the control by 3–11%. However, in the latter variant, the maximum average length per seedling was 14.5–14.8 cm. The average length per seedling was significantly affected by watering the seeds with a solution containing only iron nanoparticles, with the maximum value of this parameter reaching 16.1±1.2 cm. According to the results obtained, this research direction has good prospects and requires additional experiments by varying the nanoparticle concentration in LBPs.

Assessment of the Effect of Biological Growth-Regulating Preparations on the Yield of Agricultural Crops under the Conditions of Steppe Zone

Assessment of the Effect of Biological Growth-Regulating Preparations on the Yield of Agricultural Crops under the Conditions of Steppe Zone

Application of innovative biological agents for sustainable corn farming

Corn, being the most important crop globally, requires effective protection against pests while maintaining environmental sustainability. This study focuses on the development of environmentally friendly methods for biological control of major corn pests. The research investigates the combined use of pheromones, entomopathogenic preparations, and parasitic Hymenoptera, such as Trichogramma evanescens West and Habrobracon hebetor Say, to combat pests. The seasonal dynamics and abundance of cotton moth (Helicoverpa armigera) and click beetle (Athous tauricus) were monitored using pheromone traps. The number of corn moth (Ostrinia nubilalis) caterpillars was recorded, and mass breeding of the ectoparasite Habrobracon hebetor was conducted for biological control. The effectiveness of the integrated approach, combining entomophages and biological preparations, was evaluated. The study demonstrates satisfactory effectiveness in biological protection, with significant reductions in corn moth and cotton moth populations. These findings highlight the potential of environmentally friendly techniques for pest control in corn crops, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.

Effect of a biological product with iron nanoparticles on the activity of soil enzymes and potato yields

The paper presents data on a three-year study (2020-2022) of the effect of a liquid-phase biological product containing iron nanoparticles (LPB-Fe), obtained by biosynthesis using green tea extract, on the yield of potatoes of the Skarb variety and the activity of soil enzymes under the conditions of Tverskaya areas. Comparative efficiency of LPB-Fe, the original LPB biopreparation, solution of iron nanoparticles Fe NPs was studied in the field against the background of NPK application. The results showed that the maximum productivity (669.1 g/bush) of potatoes was obtained by foliar treatment of vegetative plants with a 1% solution of LPB-Fe – 16.9 % more than the control variant (NPK background). With the separate use of a 1% solution of LPB and a 1% solution of Fe NPs, the productivity was 628.4 and 550.6 g/plant, respectively, which indicates an increase in their impact on potato plants when used together as part of LPB-Fe. It was noted that the activity of invertase correlated with the content of humus in the soil, and the activity of the protease correlated with the content of readily hydrolysable nitrogen. In addition, the study of the activity of enzymes in the soil under potatoes (catalase, dehydrogenase, invertase, cellulase and protease) showed that they have a significant impact on the yield of potatoes at different stages of the growing season with various technological methods of using biological preparations. For example, when treating potato tubers at the seedling stage, an inverse relationship was found between catalase activity in the soil and yield: the higher the enzyme activity, the lower the yield (correlation coefficient is -0.82). And in the case of cellulase, with the same technological method, on the contrary, a direct dependence is observed: the higher the activity of the enzyme in the soil at the seedling stage, the greater the yield (correlation coefficient is 0.72). Thus, when soil and plants are exposed to Fe-containing biological products, the activity of enzymes responsible for the transformation of the main biogenic elements (carbon and nitrogen) and redox processes occurring in the soil changes, which ultimately leads to a change in soil fertility and, therefore, either decrease or increase of crop yields.method, on the contrary, a direct dependence is observed: the higher the activity of the enzyme in the soil at the seedling stage, the greater the yield (correlation coefficient is 0.72). Thus, when soil and plants are exposed to Fe-containing biological products, the activity of enzymes responsible for the transformation of the main biogenic elements (carbon and nitrogen) and redox processes occurring in the soil changes, which ultimately leads to a change in soil fertility and, therefore, either decrease or increase of crop yields.

Reaction of soybean plants to seed inoculation and different irrigation regimes of light chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region

The purpose of the research is to find out the reaction of soybean plants to seed inoculation under different irrigation regimes (humidity not lower than 80% MWC (minimum water capacity) in the layers 0,4 and 0,6 m, differentiated by stages of growth and development water regime at the level of 70-8070% MWC in the layers 0,4 and 0,6 m) in the Lower Volga region conditions. The object of the study is soybean crops of the Volgogradka 2 variety selected by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture (VNIIOZ). The experiment was conducted in 2021 and 2022 on the experimental field of VNIIOZ. Geostim Fit G produced by Biotechagro (Timashevsk, Krasnodar Territory) was used asan inoculant at a concentration of 5-10 l/ha. For foliar feeding biopreparations, natural mineral bilator and fungicide Kolosal Pro were used. Based on the data obtained, it was found that the maximum increase in productivity (132%) was obtained by seed inoculation before sowing in the variant with a soil moisture level of 80% MWC. With differentiated water treatment, the productivity was 129% compared to the untreated control. Of the agents used during the growing season to control pathogens, preference should be given to biopreparations. The volume of the harvested grain was maximum (3.87 t/ha) in the control variant with soil moisture of 80% MWC and the use of seed inoculation. The second result in terms of productivity showed the variant with the use of natural mineral bilator (3.38 t/ha), the minimum yield (2.86 t/ha) was recorded in the case of using the chemical agent Kolosal Pro. The calculation of economic efficiency showed the profitability of soybean crops treatment with biological preparations. The scientific novelty of the study is that in the course of its implementation for the first time for the conditions of the Lower Volga region the efficiency of soybean cultivation was determined taking into account the influence of several factors at once: soil water regime, seed pre-sowing treatment with inoculants, treatment of plants during vegetation to control pathogens.

Fungal Biotransformation of Hazardous Organic Compounds in Wood Waste.

A diverse spectrum of organisms, such as fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, can degrade and transform organic matter, including wood, into valuable nutrients. A sustainable economy has the goal of efficiently using waste as raw materials, and in this optic, it uses biological preparations more and more often, supporting the decomposition of lignocellulosic waste. With reference to wood wastes, which are produced in a substantial amount by the forest and wood industry, one of the possibilities to biodegrade such lignocellulosic material is the composting process. In particular, microbiological inoculum containing dedicated fungi can contribute to the biodegradation of wood waste, as well as the biotransformation of substances from the protection of wood, such as pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane (hexachlorobenzene) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The purpose of this research was to produce a literature review in terms of the selection of decay fungi that could potentially be used in toxic biotransformation unions. The findings of the literature review highlighted how fungi such as Bjerkandera adusta, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trametes versicolor might be ingredients of biological consortia that can be effectively applied in composting wood waste containing substances such as pentachlorophenol, lindane, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS OF EXTRACTS OF POPULUS POPULUS BALSAMIFERA BUDS

Currently, the urgent task is to accelerate the development of alternative plant protection measures, which is associated with the aggravation of the environmental situation, the desire to reduce pollution of agricultural landscapes and obtain agricultural products with minimal use of agrochemicals. Poplar extract is a plant growth stimulant due to the presence in its composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, lipids, phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, amino acids, essential oils, vitamins, which provide a stable growth-stimulating effect. The advantages of biological preparations, based on balsamic poplar, include their low cost, the absence of a negative effect on plant productivity, high specificity, low toxicity. The main difference between biological preparations and other plant protection products is that they are able to stimulate the natural protective abilities of the plants themselves, thereby affecting harmful organisms. The use of such drugs is one of the ways to solve environmental problems in agriculture and a powerful means of increasing the effectiveness of both plant protection from phytopathogens and crop production in general. The purpose is to evaluate the stimulating activity of the extracts of the buds of poplar balsamic Populusbalsamifera on the seed productivity of flax. The objecvtives: to isolate the sum of flavonoids from balsamic poplar; to establish the growth-stimulating activity of the extract of the buds of balsamic poplar in relation to flax seeds. Methodology. The method of obtaining the proposed balsamic poplar extract includes the use of balsamic poplar buds, air drying, grinding, extraction with 90% ethanol in a Soxlet apparatus, filtration and evaporation until the target product is obtained. The results. The obtained results and conclusions. In the course of the study, flavonoids have been isolated from the buds of balsamic poplar. The presence of flavonoids in the ethanol extract is confirmed by qualitative reactions. The composition of poplar kidney extract has been investigated by thin-layer chromatography. Conclusion. It has been found that the extract from the poplar buds mainly contains substances of a flavonoid nature. The results of studying the growth-stimulating activity of the extracts of balsamic poplar Populusbalsamifera showed high seed productivity of flax of Tomsk selection in the control group; reproduction conditions have positively affected the yield of flax.

Control of malting barley Fusarium head blight by bioagents

The routine and prophylactic use of fungicides in cereals leads to increased aggressiveness of Fusarium infections. Cross-resistance to triazole compounds represents a significant health risk to both plants and humans. The application of some widely used fungicides causes increased production of DON. Residual concentrations of hydrophobic triazoles change chemical profile of malt and cause delayed fermentation with an impact on alcohol content. Increasing legislative restrictions of pesticide applications encourage the search for alternatives, starting with the overview of current state of knowledge on biological protection against Fusarium spp. Despite the fact that bioagents have been researched intensively, including field applications and several registrations, biological preparations for disease control against Fusarium head blight (FHB) of malting barley are not used on a mass scale. Generally, bioagents appear to be quite sensitive to environmental changes and soil variability, which causes problems with the evaluation of their effectiveness under field conditions. For efficient disease control of malting barley, the application based on biopreparations registered against FHB combined with weather prediction system can be recommended. With an emphasis on the occurrence of Fusarium graminearum as a key producer of deoxynivalenol (DON), the prediction system for malting barley should be employed from plant emerging to milk stage. When predicting a high incidence of the pathogen, chemical intervention must be considered. However, repeated application of bioagents in field conditions together with the implementation of bioagents directly into the malting process proved to be a promising way to decrease chemical interventions from the cultivation of malting barley.

The influence of the use of biological preparations on the formation of quality indicators of spring wheat grain

Relevance. For a more complete realization of the biological potential inherent in the culture and directly in each variety, in the agrotechnology used, separate elements are used that contribute to more effective plant development. This should include the use of biological preparations that are not only able to stimulate and regulate the growth and development of plants, but are also safe for the environment. In this regard, the research results presented in this paper are relevant and timely.Materials and methods. In our study, we studied the effect of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds and its (processing) aftereffect on grain quality indicators and seed sowing properties. The early-ripening variety of spring soft wheat Iren was taken as an object of research. The subject of the study is biological preparations, their effect and aftereffect during pre–sowing seed treatment on the formation of grain and the quality of the seed material of the crop.Results. Studies have revealed differences in the intensity of the effect of presowing seed treatment with biological preparations and the aftereffect of treatment on the quality indicators of spring wheat grain. The aftereffect of the drugs increased the protein content in the grain. The maximum protein content in the experiment was obtained in variant 2 (the preparation was obtained by the method of VAG based on pine needles (HS 22)) – 17.0%.The gluten content in the grain in variants of experiments 2 and 3 was formed above 32%, which corresponds to the 1st class. The maximum gluten content in the grain was obtained in variant 2 (HS 22) – 41.8% in experiment 3 (aftereffect). The vitreous content of the grain in all variants of experiments 2 and 3 is higher than 60%, which makes it possible to classify the grain to the 1st class. A higher level of grain nature was obtained on variants with the aftereffect of drugs. Grain on the variants of experiment 3: control, 3 (LP 4), 8 (Cytohumate), 9 (Lignohumate) with grain in kind above 750 g should be attributed to the 1st class.

Ways to increase the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Kamyshanka 5 in the conditions of the Lower Volga Region

In recent years, the catalog of applied chemicalization agents has been replenished with a new generation of preparations, which are a complex of compounds containing various bioactive substances, macro- and micro compounds. After treatment of seeds with these biopreparations the time between sowing and sprouting is accelerated, plants build up a strong vegetative mass, the yield and quality of grain as well as resistance to diseases and pests is increased. The aim of our research was to study the effect of complex preparations on the yield and quality of winter wheat. This study conducted in the arid zone of the Lower Volga region in the experimental field of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology RAN from 2018 to 2020 (Russia, Volgograd) the results of the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with chemical, biological protectants and physiologically active substances and foliar fungicide treatments on winter wheat crops were presented. The objects of research in field experiments were chemical seed dresser (Inshur Perform) and fungicide (Azorro), biological fungicide (BSКa-3), growth regulators (Extrasol and Bio-Don) and organic fertilizer (Рotassium Нumate). During the research, soil samples of light chestnut heavy loam soil and plant samples of winter wheat by phase of development were taken. The results showed that the use of biologically active compounds contributed to the strengthening of growth and development of winter wheat. The maximum number of productive stems–345 pcs/m2, 35.7 grains per ear, weight of a grain per ear 1.10 g, weight of 1000 grains–31.38 g formed plants at plots where only new generation biological preparations were used. Compared with the yield on the variants without treatment (control), the yield at plots with the use of biological preparations was 1.14 t/ha higher.

Ways to increase the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Kamyshanka 5 in the conditions of the Lower Volga Region

In recent years, the catalog of applied chemicalization agents has been replenished with a new generation of preparations, which are a complex of compounds containing various bioactive substances, macro- and micro compounds. After treatment of seeds with these biopreparations the time between sowing and sprouting is accelerated, plants build up a strong vegetative mass, the yield and quality of grain as well as resistance to diseases and pests is increased. The aim of our research was to study the effect of complex preparations on the yield and quality of winter wheat. This study conducted in the arid zone of the Lower Volga region in the experimental field of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology RAN from 2018 to 2020 (Russia, Volgograd) the results of the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with chemical, biological protectants and physiologically active substances and foliar fungicide treatments on winter wheat crops were presented. The objects of research in field experiments were chemical seed dresser (Inshur Perform) and fungicide (Azorro), biological fungicide (BSКa-3), growth regulators (Extrasol and Bio-Don) and organic fertilizer (Рotassium Нumate). During the research, soil samples of light chestnut heavy loam soil and plant samples of winter wheat by phase of development were taken. The results showed that the use of biologically active compounds contributed to the strengthening of growth and development of winter wheat. The maximum number of productive stems–345 pcs/m2, 35.7 grains per ear, weight of a grain per ear 1.10 g, weight of 1000 grains–31.38 g formed plants at plots where only new generation biological preparations were used. Compared with the yield on the variants without treatment (control), the yield at plots with the use of biological preparations was 1.14 t/ha higher.

Viability of selected microorganisms in parenteral preparations for novel systemic anti-cancer therapy.

Risk factors for aseptic preparation of parenteral medicines encompass the growth-promoting nature of the preparation. Although many aqueous parenteral preparations do not have growth-promoting properties, inadvertently introduced microorganisms may remain viable. Knowledge about the viability of microorganisms in parenteral preparations can add useful information for assigning shelf life to preparations used to treat cancer patients. The aim of the study was to assess the viability of four different facultative pathogenic microorganisms in 20 ready-to-administer parenteral preparations aseptically prepared in hospital pharmacies. Samples of 20 different biologics and small molecules for systemic anti-cancer therapy were inoculated either with different bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium) or with Candida albicans suspension. The resulting test concentrations were 104-105 microorganisms per mL. Aliquots of inoculated test solutions were transferred in duplicate to tryptic soy agar plates at the time points 0, 4, 24, 48, 144 h. The plates were incubated for 24 h (bacterial strains) and 72 h (C. albicans) at 37 °C and colony forming units (CFUs) were counted. In most test solutions, especially in monoclonal antibody solutions, increased CFU counts of P. aeruginosa and unchanged or increased CFU counts of E. faecium and S. aureus were registered. Pronounced nutritive properties of monoclonal antibodies and filgrastim were not registered. Azacitidine, pixantrone and vinflunine containing test solutions revealed species-specific bacteriostatic and even bactericidal activity. All test solutions, except nivolumab and pixantrone containing solutions, showed constant or increasing CFU counts of C. albicans after incubation. Viability of the selected pathogenic microorganisms was retained in most of the tested biological and small molecule preparations used to treat cancer patients. Therefore, in pharmacy departments strict aseptic conditions should be regarded and the lack of antimicrobial activity should be considered when assigning shelf life to RTA parenteral preparations.