Biological Antioxidant Potential Research Articles

An evaluation of dietary selenium nanoparticles for red sea bream (Pagrus major) aquaculture: growth, tissue bioaccumulation, and antioxidative responses.

Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) were added at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg per kg diet to assess its effects on the performance, Se bioaccumulation, blood health, and antioxidant status of red sea bream. After 45 days, Se-NPs positively impacted the growth and feed efficiency of red sea bream especially by 1 mg per kg diet. No significant (P > 0.05) changes in survival and somatic indices were noticed among groups. Dietary Se-NPs significantly (P < 0.05) increased the protein, lipid, and Se contents in the whole body, muscle, and liver tissues, whereas decreasing the whole-body moisture content of treated groups compared with the Se-NP-free group. Using of Se-NPs at 2 mg per kg diet resulted in the highest Se content in the complete body, muscle, and liver. Significantly enhanced intestine protease activity and hematocrit levels accompanied with low cholesterol and triglyceride were observed in fish fed Se-NP-enriched diets. Fish fed on Se-NPs at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg Se-NPs per kg diet exhibited significantly higher values of biological antioxidant potential than the control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, the obtained results recommends adding 1 mg Se-NPs per kg diet to improve the growth, feed efficiency, blood health, and antioxidant defense system of red sea bream.

Clinical, microbiological and oxidative stress evaluation of periodontitis patients treated with two regimens of systemic antibiotics, adjunctive to non-surgical therapy: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.

Aim of research was to evaluate and compare the clinical and microbiological effects of two different regimens of amoxicillin (AMX) and metronidazole (MTZ) combined with non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), and identify antibiotic-resistant bacteria and changes in oxidative stress (OS). Forty-six patients with generalized CP were randomly assigned to group A [scaling and root planing within 24 h (SRP) + placebo for 7 days), group B [SRP + AMX + MTZ, both 500 mg three times daily (TID), 3 days), and group C [SRP + AMX + MTZ, both 500 mg TID, 7 days). Periodontal pocket depth (PPD-primary outcome), clinical attachment level (CAL), full-mouth bleeding scores (FMBS), plaque scores (FMPS), blood and subgingival plaque were assessed at baseline and after three months. OS was evaluated via derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and assessments of biological antioxidant potential (BAP). Bacterial profiling was performed by PCR. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated in cultures. PPD, CAL, number of sites with PPD ≥6 mm, their PPD, CAL and FMBS decreased (P<0.05) in all groups, as well as FMPS in groups A and B, and d-ROMs in group C. There were significant differences among groups regarding decreases in the frequency of detection for Aa and Tf. For Aa, there were differences between groups A and C (P=0.048) and between groups B and C (P=0.048), but not between groups A and B; whereas for Tf, groups A and B were different from group C (P<0.001), but not from each other (P=0.920). No resistance to AMX was identified prior to treatment; two strains were resistant after treatment. Before treatment, 13 strains were resistant to MTZ, and 2 were resistant after. One strain in the same patient was sensitive prior to treatment, and later became resistant to both antibiotics. SRP with a 7-day course of antibiotic therapy was more effective for improving clinical parameters, in decrease of detection of several periopathogens, and in improvement of OS when compared to a 3-day regimen. Resistance was found in fewer strains after treatment than before.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in healthy children.

Measurement of the levels of the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and of the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) enables simultaneous assessment of oxidation degree and antioxidant capacity, using the same sample and testing equipment. At present, reference values of healthy adults are clarified, but the reference value of healthy children is unknown. This study was undertaken to clarify the age-related changes and the reference values of d-ROMs and BAP in healthy children. The study population consisted of 77 children, ranging in age from 2 to 15 years, in normal mental and physical health as examined by a pediatrician, and seven healthy adult volunteers. Serum samples were obtained from the subjects for assay. Using these samples, d-ROMs and BAP values were measured, and the relationship with age was analyzed. The d-ROMs level decreased as the age increased, while the BAP showed no correlation with the age. The d-ROMs level was significantly higher in 2-6 years group than in 7-11 years group, 12-15 years group, or healthy adults group. The BAP/d-ROMs ratio, an index of antioxidant capacity, increased significantly with higher age. This study was carried out for the first time in healthy children in oxidative stress assessment using d-ROMs and BAP. In the infancy 2-6 years, the d-ROMs value was significantly higher and the BAP/d-ROMs ratio was significantly lower. From this, it was suggested that age should be considered when performing oxidative stress assessment using d-ROMs and BAP in children.

Role of oxidative stress in follicular fluid on embryos of patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment.

Oxidative stress (OS) is defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, and the disruption of redox signaling leads to molecular damages. This study was conducted to clarify the effect of OS in individual follicular fluid (FF) on oocyte fertilization and embryonic division. A total of 124 patients who underwent assisted reproductive technology treatment in our hospital underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection and 211 FF were collected. The ova were fertilized, and embryos were individually cultured until cleavage stage or blastocyst stage and classified according to the Veeck classification system or Gardner classification system. The follicular fluid corresponding to the ovum was analyzed by measuring the OS marker, the reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM test), and the antioxidant marker (biological antioxidant potential marker [BAP] test), and the relation between these markers and clinical parameters was analyzed. The value of d-ROM was correlated with the proper fertilization status and formation of good quality cleavage embryo, whereas the elevated value of BAP was observed in better embryonic development group. Oxidative stress index, defined as d-ROM/BAP × 100 clearly indicated that lower oxidative stress index was associated with better fertilization status and embryo development. Our results clearly indicate that the balance between OS and antioxidant capacity in FF at the time of oocyte retrieval is possibly important in the processes of fertilization and embryo division; thus, we propose that oxidative status and balance in FF might be used as novel biomarkers in assisted reproductive technology.

Effects of Grazing on the Behaviour, Oxidative and Immune Status, and Production of Organic Dairy Cows.

Simple SummaryIn European organic dairy farms, the use of grazing appears to be a controversial topic. The laws that regulate the sector do not indicate in an incontrovertible way the obligation to provide grazing; accordingly, organic farmers sometimes allow dairy cows access to only an open air fenced area rather than to a grazing pasture. This work confirms the validity and benefits of grazing, compared to access to an outdoor space, in terms of the behaviour and milk production of dairy cows.This study compared the effects of a short daily grazing time with those of permanent free-stall housing on the behaviour, oxidative status, immune response, and milk production of organically reared cows. During a 63-day period, two homogeneous groups of eight lactating Brown cows were allocated to either housing (H) in a free-stall building for 24 h/day. Feeding was based on a total mixed ration or grazing (G) on barley grass for 5 h/day, and housing in a free-stall structure with feeding was based on the same total mixed ration offered to the H group. With regard to behaviour, H cows spent more time idling, walking, drinking, and self-grooming, whereas G cows showed a greater intent to eat and interact socially. Moreover, G cows exhibited slightly higher reactive oxygen metabolites and similar biological antioxidant potential concentrations than the H group, which indicates that short grazing resulted in an almost negligible increase in oxidative stress and an unchanged antioxidant capacity. Skin tests, performed by injecting phytohemoagglutinin intradermally, indicated that G cows had thicker skin than H cows at the end of the trial, an index of a better cell-mediated immune response. Grazing did not affect milk yield but improved milk quality in terms of an increase in fat and a reduction in urea content, somatic cell count, and total microbial count. Milk from G cows was richer in saturated fatty acids, likely because of the contribution of palmitic acid present in the grazed barley grass, and also showed higher contents of some healthy fatty acids, such as rumenic acid and α-linolenic acid, and a lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio. These results show that including a short grazing time in the diets of organic dairy cows does not have negative consequences for milk production and contributes to improved milk quality as well as to a more efficient immune response in the cows.

Augmentation of Oxygen Uptake Response through Inhalation of Molecular Hydrogen during an Incremental Exercise Test

It has recently been shown that molecular hydrogen (H2) ameliorates oxidative stress-induced tissue damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species and modifies mitochondrial function. However, studies on the effects of H2 during exercise in healthy humans are limited. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of H2 gas inhalation on oxygen uptake (VO2) response during an incremental exercise test performed on a cycle ergometer. METHODS: This study was designed as a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Eight men and a woman (height, 169.4 ± 8.0 cm; age, 22.4 ± 5.54 years; weight, 64.9 ± 9.8 kg [means ± SD]) volunteered to perform an incremental cycling exercise test while inhaling two kinds of gases: 1% H2 gas (H2 trial) and air (control trial). The workload was gradually increased by 20 W every 1 min until volitional fatigue. Respiratory parameters were measured during the test using a metabolic gas analyzer. The peak VO2 (VO2peak) was defined as a 20-s averaged peak value of VO2 during exercise. Blood samples were collected from the subjects’ fingertips before, during, and immediately after exercise to evaluate the systemic redox status by measuring biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs). RESULTS: The result of repeated-measure two-way analysis of variance showed no significant trial-by-work rate interaction in carbon dioxide production (P = 0.64), respiratory exchange ratio (P = 1.00), minute ventilation (P = 0.81), and heart rate (P = 1.00) responses to the exercise. However, the H2 trial showed a significantly augmented VO2 response to exercise compared with that observed in the control trial (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the H2 trial showed a significantly increased VO2peak compared to the control trial (3705.4 ± 285.9 vs. 3398.7 ± 249.9 mL/min, means ± SE, P < 0.01, paired t-test). BAP/d-ROM responses, indicative of systemic redox status, tended to increase in the H2 trial compared to the response in the control trial (P = 0.05), suggesting that the H2 trial reduced oxidative stress or increased antioxidative activity. CONCLUSIONS: H2 gas inhalation significantly increased the VO2 response and VO2peak during incremental exercise, suggesting that H2 gas might affect mitochondrial function during exercise.

Comparison of grain-based diet supplemented with synthetic vitamin E and lucerne hay-based diet on blood oxidative stress biomarkers and lamb meat quality

Individually-housed lambs were used to compare the effect of a grain-based diet supplemented with moderate (MOD) or supranutritional (SUP) levels of vitamin E and selenium, and a lucerne hay-based diet (LUC) on plasma-oxidative stress biomarkers, muscle pH decline and meat quality. Lambs fed LUC had different reactive oxygen metabolite concentrations and biological antioxidant potentials to the MOD and SUP treatment groups. All plasma oxidative stress markers decreased in concentration across the four sampling time points measured over the eight week feeding study, except biological antioxidant potential (BAP). Diet did not impact on lamb muscle pH decline traits. Of the meat quality traits measured, the effect of diet was only significant for shear force which was highest for the LUC lambs. Particle size and carbonyl content in meat were influenced by ageing period. Meat cooking loss, peroxidase activity and oxidation-reduction potentials were not influenced by any experimental factors. These findings show that LUC offers a strategic feeding system that is comparable to MOD and SUP diets.

Chemical Analysis of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) and Its Effects on Redox Status and on Reproductive Biology in Stallions †.

The present study was conducted to assess the chemical composition of Yellow Maca (Lepidium meyenii) and its biological activity on stallions following oral administration of hypocotyl powder. Maca was subjected to methanolic extraction and the chemical analysis was carried out by LC-MS-QTOF (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). Our results showed that Maca contains some effective antioxidants, a high percentage of glucosinolates, and other important components with a high antioxidant capacity. To evaluate the plant biological activity in stallions fed with Maca powder for 60 days, the redox status and some reproductive parameters were investigated. Blood and semen samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 days from the beginning of this study. Blood samples showed a decrease of the reactive oxygen metabolites, evaluated by d-ROMs test, and an increase of the antioxidant barrier in terms of biological antioxidant potential (BAP test), powerful oxidant capacity (OXY-Adsorbent test), and thiols evaluation (-SHp test). Furthermore, semen samples showed a positive trend during Maca administration in the following parameters: ejaculate volumes and sperm concentrations, total and progressive motility, and acrosome integrity.

Hematologic, biochemical, hormonal, and redox status alterations during reproductive activity in adult rams of two breeds.

Reproduction is a crucial, energy-consuming physiologic activity, which can temporarily disturb the homeostatic balance of the organism. Although rams are commonly placed in intense breeding programs on contemporary sheep farms, the clinicopathologic and redox status alterations have not been adequately studied during reproductive activity. The objective was to investigate the clinicopathologic and redox status changes in rams during reproductive activity. Thirty-seven (19 Chios and 18 Florina breed) adult, healthy rams were individually mated with ten estrus-synchronized ewes of the same breed. Blood samples were collected prior to mating, during mating, and postmating. CBC (Advia 120), cytologic blood smear evaluation, biochemical analyses (Flexor E, AVL 9180 Electrolyte Analyzer), and thyroxine measurements (Immulite 1000) were performed. The reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) test, the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test, and oxidative stress index were used to assess redox status. The linear mixed effects model (statistical language R) was used for statistical analyses. Many, mostly breed-independent, clinicopathologic changes were detected during reproductive activity. Conversely, redox status alterations were found to be breed-dependent. Intense reproductive activity was related to mild, acute muscle damage in both breeds and mild oxidative stress in Florina rams, whereas Chios rams exhibited oxidative stress resistance. The observed clinicopathologic and redox status alterations were generally consistent with those reported during various forms of physical activity and exercise in animals and humans. Intense reproductive activity does not seem to be physiologically innocuous; however, it appears to be a relatively mild muscle-damaging physical activity.

Photoresponsiveness affects life history traits but not oxidative status in a seasonal rodent

BackgroundShortening photoperiod triggers seasonal adjustments like cessation of reproduction, molting and heterothermy. However there is a considerable among-individual variation in photoresponsiveness within one population. Although seasonal adjustments are considered beneficial to winter survival, and natural selection should favor the individuals responding to changes in photoperiod (responders), the phenotype non-responding to changes in day length is maintained in population. Assuming the same resource availability for both phenotypes which differ in strategy of winter survival, we hypothesized that they should differ in life history traits. To test this we compared reproductive traits of two extreme phenotypes of Siberian hamster Phodopus sungorus – responding and non-responding to seasonal changes in photoperiod. We bred individuals of the same phenotype and measured time to first parturition, time interval between litters, offspring body mass 3, 10 and 18 days after birth and their growth rate. We also analyzed nest-building behavior. Additionally, we estimated the correlation between reproduction, and basal metabolic rate (BMR) and oxidative status in both phenotypes to infer about the effect of reproductive output on future investments in somatic maintenance.ResultsPrior to reproduction responding individuals were smaller than non-responding ones, but this difference disappeared after reproduction. Responding pairs commenced breeding later than non-responding ones but there was no difference in time interval between consecutive litters. Responders delivered smaller offspring than non-responders and more out of responding individuals built the nest during winter than non-responding ones. Reproduction did not affect future investments in somatic maintenance. Phenotypes did not differ in BMR and oxidative status after reproduction. However, concentration of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) was highest in responding males, and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) was higher in males of both phenotypes than in females.ConclusionsDelayed breeding in responding Siberian hamsters and high ROM concentration in male responders support our hypothesis that differences in adjustment to winter result in different life history characteristics which may explain coexistence of both phenotypes in a population. We propose that polymorphism in photoresponsiveness may be beneficial in stochastic environment, where environmental conditions differ between winters. We suggest that non-responding phenotype may be particularly beneficial during mild winter, whereas responders would be favored under harsh conditions. Therefore, none of the phenotypes is impaired when compared to the other.

Kinetics of Reactive Oxygen Species and Total Antioxidant Capacity during Moderate Treadmill Running after 8 Weeks of Endurance Training

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise intensity on the kinetics of reactive oxygen species and total antioxidant capacity during the moderate intensity of treadmill running. Twelve healthy collegiate male students participated and were randomly divided into two groups. Each group of subjects trained at 80% and 50% HRmax respectively for 30 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. After 48 hours of the training session, treadmill running task was imposed on each group at 70% of VO2max for 90 minutes. Metabolic data were monitored using a gas analysis system. Blood samples were taken from the finger before exercise and after 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes of exercise for measuring the blood lactate, derivatives of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (d‐ROM), and biological antioxidant potential (BAP). All data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA of SPSS 18.0. The differences between pre and post training were significant in d‐ROM and BAP (p&lt;.05). The changes of d‐ROM were significantly increased by aerobic training, and there were significant differences among exercise durations (p&lt;.05). The changes of BAP were not significantly different between training intensity groups, and there were significant differences among exercise durations (p&lt;.05). As shown above, the occurrence of d‐ROM and BAP were altered by training intensity and exercise duration. In other words, the occurrence of reactive oxygen by high intensive training was abundant and there were significant changes in 30 minutes of exercise based on exercise duration. On the other hand, there were significant changes in total antioxidant capacity in 60 minutes of exercise based on exercise duration. In conclusion, low‐intensity training and within 60 minutes of exercise might be suitable in the point of defending the cellular damage caused by exercise.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Effects of dietary manganese on antioxidant status, biochemical parameters and thickness of intestinal mucus in laying hens

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sources of manganese (Mn) on the antioxidant status, some biochemical parameters and thickness of intestinal mucus in laying hens. Ninety-six 20-week-old hens of the Lohman Brown strain were randomly divided into four groups; each group was replicated six times with four hens per replicate. Hens in the control group were fed the basal diet (BD) with natural background Mn level of 45.5 mg/kg feed. For the three experimental groups, the BD was supplemented with 120 mg Mn/kg either from Mn-sulphate or Mn-chelate of protein hydrolysate (Mn-Bioplex) or Mn-chelate of glycine hydrate (Mn-Glycinoplex). After eight weeks of dietary treatment, a tendency towards increasing activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the erythrocytes was observed in all experimental groups. The results showed that inorganic Mn source increased the glutathione peroxidase activity in the hens’ blood (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The intake of Mn-Bioplex resulted in significantly increased total antioxidant status in the plasma of hens in the group (P &amp;lt; 0.05) compared to the control group. The plasma biological antioxidant potential was increased in the treatment groups supplemented with Mn-sulphate (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and Mn-Bioplex (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The total cholesterol concentration was decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in the group fed the diet supplemented with Mn-Glycinoplex, as compared with the control. Moreover, the mucus layer thickness in the jejunum was reduced in the groups of birds fed with the organic form of Mn (P &amp;lt; 0.001, P &amp;lt; 0.05), as well as with the inorganic form of Mn (P &amp;lt; 0.001). These results indicate that the addition of dietary Mn was effective in improving the biological antioxidant potential, decreasing total plasma cholesterol and reducing the thickness of adherent intestinal mucus gel in the jejunum of laying hens.

High mobility group box 1 and markers of oxidative stress in human cord blood.

Parturition induces considerable oxidative stress and many inflammatory mediators, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), are involved from the beginning of the pregnancy to birth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum cord blood concentration of diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and HMGB1 to investigate the perinatal oxidative status of neonates and correlation with mode of delivery, as well as the influence of labor. The subjects consisted of 214 neonates delivered at University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, in a 6months period. Venous blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord after cord separation. Umbilical cord venous blood HMGB1 was significantly higher in the spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) group than in the elective or emergency cesarean section (CS) group (P = 0.018). Regarding labor, there was no significant difference in HMGB1 concentration in umbilical vein blood between the spontaneous and induced labor groups (P = 0.250). Furthermore, d-ROM was significantly different between the SVD group and the elective or emergency CS group (P = 0.044). BAP concentration, however, was not significantly different, not even with regard to mode of labor. Oxidation is higher in newborns delivered by SVD than in those delivered by CS, and HMGB1 may be involved in the mechanisms of birth, and responsible for decidual modifications that lead to birth.

Dietary Supplementation of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) during the Dry Period Improves Redox Balance in Lactating Dairy Cows.

Thirty-six pregnant Holstein–Friesian cows were used to study the effect of Yerba Mate (YM) supplementation during the dry period on redox balance. The treatments groups were Control (no YM), YM 250 (250 g/cow/day), and YM 500 (500 g/cow/day). Blood samples were obtained 30 days prepartum, at calving, and monthly postpartum until four months post calving. Liveweight (LW) and body condition score (BCS) were assessed prepartum, at calving, and then postpartum monthly until the end of the trial. Plasma was analyzed for hydroperoxides (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and biological antioxidant potential (BAP). The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as OSI = ROMs/BAP × 100. Cows were milked twice daily, and milk yield data were recorded daily. Redox balance was improved by YM supplementation, as reflected in the lower OSI values observed in the YM groups. Yerba Mate supplementation significantly affected LW, but did not affect BCS. Milk yield averaged 28.1 ± 0.40, 29.0 ± 0.48, and 29.9 ± 0.46 L/cow/day in the Control, YM 250, and YM 500 groups, respectively, but was not significant. Nutritional manipulation during the dry period with Yerba Mate has demonstrated the potential to improve redox balance and milk yield.

Effects of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

BackgroundEnzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a water-soluble quercetin, has been shown to intensify muscle hypertrophy in mice. We investigated the effect of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder on athlete body composition.MethodsForty Japanese males who played American football (age: 19.8 ± 1.4 years; body height: 174.1 ± 6.0 cm; body mass: 75.5 ± 10.7 kg) were assigned to a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of parallel group. Participants received either EMIQ in whey protein (EW, n = 19) or contrast whey protein (W, n = 20) 6 days per week over 4 months. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Markers of oxidative stress, derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), were assessed using a free radical analytical system. Data were analyzed using a univariate and repeated measures general model statistics.ResultsAfter 4 months, changes in lower limb fat-free mass and muscle mass were significantly greater in the EW group than in the W group (mean change ±95% CI; W: 324.1 ± 284.3, EW: 950.3 ± 473.2, p = 0.031, W: 255.7 ± 288.6, EW: 930.9 ± 471.5, p = 0.021, respectively). Moreover, the EW group exhibited a significantly higher BAP/d-ROMs ratio, antioxidation index, than the W group after 4 months (mean change ± SD; W: 8.8 ± 1.1, EW: 10.3 ± 2.8; p = 0.028). No significant differences in body mass, lean body mass, fat mass, or lower limb fat mass were observed between the groups.ConclusionIngestion of EMIQ in supplementary protein powder for 4 months exerts antioxidant effects and increases muscle mass among American football players.Trial registrationUniversity Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000036036. Retrospectively registered in 2019.

Assessment of Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Elite University Athletes in Japan: Findings From a Cross Sectional Study Design

BackgroundHigh-intensity exercise affects the level of salivary nitric oxide (NO) with an impact on oxidative stress such as a reactive nitrogen-oxide species. However, in athletes with high-intensity training, the relationship between salivary NO levels and oxidative stress is yet to be clear. Additionally, the association of salivary NO levels and the common health disorders of athletes is unknown. Thus, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to clarify the relationship between salivary NO levels and oxidative stress, and the health/medical disorders existing in elite class university athletes.MethodsIn 250 athletes (males, 151 and females, 99) from undergraduate levels of Japanese University, we investigated the relationship between levels of salivary NO and oxidative stress markers: derived reactive oxygen species (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and also examined that whether salivary NO levels are associated with diseases.ResultsThere were no significant association between the levels of salivary NO and oxidative stress markers (such as d-ROM and BAP). From the questionnaire, asthma was the most prevalent as evident from medical history of the athletes. Additionally, the salivary NO levels were higher (520 ± 43 µmol/L vs. 375 ± 13 µmol/L, P < 0.05) in the asthma group (n = 9) than in the non-asthma group (n = 241). We determined the optimal cut-off value (P = 0.019) of the salivary NO levels for asthma was 425 µmol/L, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 61.8% (area under the curve (AUC), 0.73).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the high levels of salivary NO in trained university athletes in Japan may potentially predict asthma. And this salivary NO level is not associated with markers of oxidative stress and existing diseases in athletes studied here.

Markers for oxidative stress in the synovial fluid of Thoroughbred horses with carpal bone fracture.

ABSTRACTArthritis is thought to cause oxidative stress in synovial fluid in humans, but there have been few reports in horses. To evaluate oxidative stress in synovial fluid in horses, this study used 19 horses with unilateral fracture of the carpal joint bone. Synovial fluid was collected from the carpal joint on the fracture (arthritis group) and contralateral (control group) sides. Diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) were then measured, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. d-ROMs and OSI of the arthritis group were significantly higher than the control group. BAP of the arthritis group was significantly lower than the control group. Thus, this study revealed that oxidative stress develops in the synovial fluid of horses during arthritis.

Possible anti-oxidative effects of long-term administration of Juzen-taiho-to in dogs.

It is known that oxidative stress is related to disease in humans and dogs. Many traditional Chinese medicines have been reported to have anti-oxidative effects, but there are no reports that they have anti-oxidative effects in dogs. In this study, we examined the anti-oxidative effects of Juzen-taiho-to, a traditional Chinese medicine, in dogs. Five healthy female beagle dogs (38–41 months of age weighing 8.6–10.7 kg) were orally administered Juzen-taiho-to at 450 mg/kg with food for 28 days. Blood samples were taken from all five dogs on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Using the blood samples, improvement of the antioxidant level as assessed by the biological antioxidant potential (BAP), reduced oxidative stress level as assessed by derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), and improvement of blood fluidity were examined. Regarding the antioxidant level and blood fluidity, no significant difference was observed, but the oxidative stress level on days 14, 21, and 28 was significantly lower than that on day 0. Thus, Juzen-taiho-to may have anti-oxidative effects in dogs by reducing oxidative stress and be useful for oxidative stress-related diseases in dogs.

Effects of increased daily physical activity on mental health and depression biomarkers in postmenopausal women.

[Purpose] Little is known about the effectiveness of daily physical activity on depression biomarkers in older adults. This study aimed to investigate the effects of increased daily physical activity for 8 weeks on depression biomarkers in postmenopausal women. [Participants and Methods] Thirty-eight postmenopausal females were randomly assigned into a control or an active group and were asked to wear a uniaxial accelerometer for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of the intervention. During the intervention, the active group was asked to increase their physical activity level above their usual lifestyle whereas those in the control group maintained their daily lifestyle. [Results] After the 8-week intervention, the step counts of the participants in the active group increased. The serum concentration of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin increased significantly in the active group, but not in the control group, as compared with baseline values. The serum concentration of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential did not change after the intervention in either group. [Conclusion] These findings may suggest that promotion of daily physical activity in postmenopausal women has a positive impact on depression without any change in oxidative stress.

BMI 수준에 의한 8주간 유산소성 운동이 신체구성과 심폐계 변인 그리고 항산화 체계에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week aerobic exercise on body composition, cardiovascular and blood antioxidant systems on BMI(Body Mass Index) in male college students. Forty-one male without any medical problems were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise group. BMI was assessed before participation in aerobic exercise program. Each variables were collected to identify the body composition, cardiovascular and antioxidant systems. Results of this study was as follows; body weight was significantly increased in BMI≥25 group and decreased in BMI〈25 group. %body fat was showed significantly to different in BMI≥25 group. Diastole blood pressure and systole blood pressure was significantly showed in BMI≥25 group, respectively. maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) was showed significantly to different in BMI≥25 and BMI〈25 group. also, blood biological antioxidant potential(BAP) was showed significantly in BMI〈25 group and the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites(d-ROM) in BMI≥25 group, respectively. In conclusion, it found that aerobic exercise was effective in improving body composition, and cardiovascular system as well as antioxidant activity, and especially effective in the reduction of reactive oxygen species.