Soil Biological Activity Research Articles

WITHDRAWN: The evaluation model for factors affecting soil quality in waste dumps open-pit coal waste dumps based on fuzzy mathematics

Taking the Hequ open-pit coal mine waste dump as the research object, using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and expert scoring theory, 4 criteria and 25 factors were established, including the evaluation model of soil structure stability, soil water retention capacity, soil fertilizer retention capacity, soil biological activity, and factors affecting soil quality in the waste dumps. Using YAAHP calculation software, the weights of various influencing factors on the soil fertility restoration ability of the waste dumps were determined. Combining a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to determine soil nutrient standards, soil quality evaluation is divided into 5 levels, and the main influencing factors of soil restoration ability in open-pit coal mine waste disposal sites are quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: The weight of soil fertility in the criterion layer of the evaluation model was the largest (0.548), followed by soil water retention capacity (0.198), soil biological activity (0.140), and soil structural stability (0.114). The weight of organic matter F1 in the factor layer was the highest (0.116). Due to the final evaluation score of the soil recovery ability of the target layer open-pit coal mine waste dumps is 53.584, the soil quality and nutrients of the waste dumps are in the middle level. The main factors of soil resilience are soil fertility and soil organic matter content, to provide management strategies for improving soil quality of dump, accelerating soil reconstruction, and promoting soil ecosystem restoration.

THE EFFECT OF ZINC ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE ENZYME DEHYDROGENASE IN SIEROZEM

In this research paper, the role of zinc as a highly toxic element in the soil–plant system and the degree of influence on the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenase in serozem were studied. Experimental work was carried out using the box method, and various concentrations of zinc were introduced into the soil artificially. Research has established that soil contamination with zinc in the amount of 0,5; 2,5; 5,0 MPC acts as an inhibitor of redox reactions characterizing soil fertility and biological activity. As a result of the conducted model experiments, it was found that soil contamination with zinc reduces the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenase. Zinc binds to the sulfhydryl groups of the dehydrogenase molecule, thereby disrupting its enzymatic properties. There is a tendency to decrease the activity of dehydrogenase with an increase in the zinc content in the soil. At 0,5; 2,5; 5,0 MPC of zinc in the soil, the indicators of dehydrogenase activity decrease by 77.6-93.0% compared with the control experiment. In all samples, it was found that the introduction of vermicompost into the soil slightly increases the dehydrogenase activity compared to the control experiment, despite the addition of zinc in various concentrations. This can be explained by an increase in the number of microorganisms that contribute to the synthesis of enzymes when adding vermicompost to the soil. Vermicompost not only increases the activity of enzymes in the soil, but also increases soil fertility.

Microzone analysis of stalagmite chemical components in caves based on confocal controlled Raman and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Cave stalagmites are recognized as excellent archives for studying contemporary and historical climate variations. They present a valuable opportunity for accurately identifying past climate signals through a combination of O and C isotopes(δ18O, δ13C), as well as trace elements. This study introduces confocal controlled Raman coupled to laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology for analyzing of climate change using stalagmites for the first time. With a spatial resolution of 20 μm, this technology enables the detection of various elements and mineral. Correlation and principal component analysis of the ratio between elements, Raman, gray, fluorescence, δ13C, and δ18O revealed that the data are correlated and show significant grouping. These factors are related to the micro-environmental changes caused by the aragonite crystals in stalagmites. The increase/decrease in the Sr-Mg/Ca ratio and the decrease/increase in the (Ba-K-Fe)/Ca ratio were closely related to the water-rock interaction and prior calcite precipitation, the decrease/increase in soil biological activity, and the influx of detrital material caused by precipitation. This also corresponded to the decrease/increase in temperature. These findings indicate that the confocal controlled Raman-LIBS technique for detecting microscale chemical compositions in stalagmites holds significant promise and potential for studying past climate change.

Exploring the viability of Organic Farming for Sustainable Agriculture in India

Organic farming commonly known as ecological or biological farming is a type of farming that emphasises methods like crop rotation and companion planting and employs organic fertilisers including compost manure, crop residues, mineral grade rock additives, green manure, and bone meal. Organic farming is an agricultural system that creates safe, healthy or environmentally friendly products and works in the protection of nature. It excludes the use of synthetic inputs such as fertilizers; hormones feed additives, herbicides, pesticides. In order to preserve ecological balance and safeguard the environment, organic farming was adopted. It supports and improves the health of the agro-ecosystem, including the biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity. This paper aims to delve into the principles of organic farming and the concept of organic products. It also undertakes an analysis of the opportunities within the domain of organic farming and evaluates potential markets for organic products. Furthermore, the paper scrutinizes the challenges associated with marketing organic products. Organic farming provides nutrients to the plants and improves the physical and biological quality and characteristic of soil.

The impact of reclamation and vegetation removal on compositional and functional attributes of soil microbial communities in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region

Large-scale mining for oil extraction in the boreal forests of Northern Alberta has led to a disturbance footprint of ~900 km2 of land; which must be reclaimed to equivalent land capabilities. Microorganisms are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances and play an essential role in the cycling of soil nutrients and plant growth, making them potential indicators of ecosystem function. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the impact of land reclamation on the composition and function of soil microbial communities in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR). We evaluated bacterial community composition via high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and soil functional diversity by community-level physiological profiling (CLPP). The ranges of variability for these factors observed in soils reclaimed with either peat-mineral mix (PMM), forest floor-mineral mix (FFM), or FFM diluted with sand (Sand-FFM), were compared to that of undisturbed reference soils (NS) and a vegetation removed soil (VR). Differences between reclamation soils and natural soils were clearly discernible, with reclamation imposing a more drastic disturbance to the boreal forest than that of removal of vegetation alone. VR changed the structure of the soil microbial community and increased the overall diversity, within-community interactions, and heterogeneity; while reclamation shifted the microbial community structure to an even greater extent, placing it outside the range of natural variability. Among reclamation substrates, FFM showed the highest level of similarity to the range of natural variability and PMM showed the least. Altogether, our findings underscore the profound impact of anthropogenic activities associated with large-scale mining on soil biological activity, microbial communities, and edaphic profiles. These alterations are of such magnitude that they render the affected soils significant divergent from the reference undisturbed boreal forest soil.

Towards the development of cover crop - reduced tillage systems without herbicides and synthetic fertilizers in onion cultivation: Promising but challenges remain

Cover crops with reduced tillage technology (CC-RT) can foster soil health and functioning, a crucial agroecological principle in any transition strategy to more sustainable agricultural systems. However, CC-RT commonly strongly relies on herbicides and synthetic fertilizers, and vegetable crop yields are variable and often low. We assessed the effects of two tillage systems (RT and conventional tillage) and the application of native effective microorganisms (NEM) on onion crop growth and development, yield, N-status, weed pressure, and soil physico-chemical and biological quality after a summer CC, without using herbicides or synthetic fertilizers. Using a participatory research strategy, we conducted a two-year experiment at an experimental station and a one-year trial on two commercial farms. Onion yields were generally low (between 10 and 16 Mg ha−1) and lower in 2019 than in 2020, and lower in RT than in CT in 2020. The relatively low yields in 2019 and RT were associated with poor crop growth and development and leaf-N concentrations below the critical threshold in the early stages of crop development. Soil bulk density was not limiting crop growth in any treatment. Soil mineral N was lower in 2019 than in 2020 and did not significantly differ between treatments. Soil biological activity was higher in RT than in CT. Although the CC residue soil cover in the early stages of the onion crop in RT was more than 50%, RT had a higher weed pressure than CT, which was reversed later in the growing season. The NEM application did not significantly affect most crop, weed, and soil variables. In conclusion, a reduced tillage system for onions without herbicides and synthetic fertilizers is within reach. However, further research is needed to manage weeds and soil N supply dynamics to make CC-RT feasible for no or low agrochemical input systems.

Evaluating the Varied Impacts of Conventional Versus Nano Fertilizers on Soil Nutrient Levels, Utilization Efficiency and Biological Activity in Acidic Soil

A two-season field experiment was conducted at zonal agricultural research station, GKVK, Bengaluru during Kharif season in 2021 and 2022 with test a crop sunflower. The soil was sandy loam (Alfisol) in texture and experiment was laid out in RCBD with 3 replications and comprised of 14 treatments. Results revealed that the available soil nutrients like nitrogen (307.25 kg ha-1), sulphur (13.28 mg kg-1) and zinc (1.23 mg kg-1) content differed significantly, with treatment T2 (Package of practice). However, all other major, secondary and micro nutrients did not vary significantly. Nutrients use efficiency of nitrogen (72.01 kg kg-1), phosphorus (26.47 kg kg-1) and potassium (35.29 kg kg-1) were recorded higher with nano fertilizers than conventional one. Urease activity (22.42 µg NH4-N g-1 hr-1) was found to be significantly higher in treatment T2 (Package of practice) and enzyme activity like dehydrogenase activity and acid phosphatase activity not significantly varied, the numerical difference was regulated by pH of soil. Combination of conventional and nano fertilizers can be effectively utilized in enhancing the nutrients use efficiency while sustainably managing the soil properties.

Effect of biochar on soil microbial community, dissipation and uptake of chlorpyrifos and atrazine

For the application of biochar in restoring pesticide-contaminated soils and minimizing the risk associated with their uptake in plants, it is crucial to understand the biochar impact on soil biological activities and dissipation and accumulation of pesticides in plant and soil systems. In this study, the effect of Mentha-distilled waste-derived biochar was investigated on chlorpyrifos and atrazine contaminated sandy loam soil. The four application rates of atrazine (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg kg−1) and chlorpyrifos (2, 4, 6, and 12 mg kg−1) and a single application rate of biochar (4%) were used in this study. The degradation of pesticides, the diversity of the bacterial community, and enzymatic activities (alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, arylsulfatase, phenol oxidase, urease activity and N-acetyl glucosaminidase) were examined in soil. The uptake of two pesticides and their effect on growth and stress parameters were also investigated in plants (A. paniculata). The dissipation of chlorpyrifos and atrazine followed simple first-order kinetics with a half-life of 6.6–74.6 and 21–145 days, respectively. The presence of deisopropyl atrazine desethyl atrazine (metabolites of atrazine) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (a metabolite of chlorpyrifos) was observed in soil and plant tissues. Biochar application significantly (p = 0.001) enhanced the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos and atrazine leading to the lower half-life of chlorpyrifos and atrazine in soil. A significant reduction (p = 0.001) in the uptake of chlorpyrifos and atrazine and alteration in their binding affinity and uptake rate in plant tissues was observed in biochar treatments. The incorporation of biochar improved chlorpyrifos/atrazine degrader and plant growth-promoting bacterial genera such as Balneimonas, Kaistobacter, Rubrobacter, Ammoniphilus, and Bacillus. The upregulation of functional genes associated with nucleotide, energy, carbohydrate, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, and metabolism: atrazine degradation was observed in biochar treatments. The biochar amendments significantly (p = 0.001) reduced the plant’s uptake velocity (Vmax) and affinity (Km) of chlorpyrifos and atrazine. These results delineated that Mentha-distilled waste-derived biochar can potentially remediate chlorpyrifos and atrazine contaminated soils and ensure the safety of plants for consumption.Graphical

Biological activity of soils in Ukraine depending on tillage options: A meta-analysis

Tillage is one of the major factors affecting soil biological activity, resulting in changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content, providing for carbon sequestration and shifts in carbon dioxide emission from soils. Current climate change and aggravation of global warming through the increased emission of carbon dioxide are main driving forces for global transformation of agricultural practices in the direction of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), which requires the implementation of such crop cultivation practices that result in the minimization of SOC losses and carbon dioxide emissions. The magnitude and direction of different tillage practices affecting soil biological activity are different, therefore, the best tillage options should be chosen for implementation in national CSA systems to ensure achieving the global sustainability goals. This nationwide meta-analysis, conducted for tillage practices utilized in Ukrainian agriculture examines scientifically recorded effects of moldboard tillage depth, flat cutter and no-till options on soil respiration rates and cellulose decomposition intensity in dark-chestnut and chernozem soils of Ukraine. This meta-analysis enrolled 45 studies, which met the stipulated scientific quality criteria. Statistical processing was conducted through the standardized mean difference (SMD) model without subgroups at 95% confidence interval (CI). As a result, it was determined that there is subtle impact of moldboard tillage depth on soil biological activity, which is inconclusive and unclear. The similar results were obtained for the comparison between the tillage and no-till groups, where high heterogeneity of the dataset (I2 = 82.8%) resulted in low quality of evidence for the benefits of no-till in SOC sequestration. Besides, zero fail-safe numbers support the suggestion of low-quality evidence in favor of shallow plowing advantage over deep plowing, as well as no-till against tillage. As for the difference between the groups of moldboard and flat cutter tillage, it was established that there is strong enough evidence for the advantage of flat cutter tillage in terms of soil respiration rates and cellulose decomposition intensity reduction. Further studies in this direction are required to fill the gaps in current meta-analysis, especially in terms of no-till options and their effect on biological activity of Ukrainian soils in different cropping systems.

Biochar Production and Characteristics, Its Impacts on Soil Health, Crop Production, and Yield Enhancement: A Review.

Rapid urban expansion and a booming population are placing immense pressure on our agricultural systems, leading to detrimental impacts on soil fertility and overall health. Due to the extensive use of agrochemicals in agriculture, the necessity to meet the expanding demand for food has also resulted in unsustainable farming practices. Around the world, biochar, a multipurpose carbonaceous material, is being used to concurrently solve issues with enhancing soil fertility, plant growth, and development under both normal and stressful circumstances. It improves water retention, fosters nutrient absorption, and promotes microbial activity, creating a fertile environment that supports sustainable and resilient agriculture. Additionally, biochar acts as a carbon sink, contributing to long-term carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change impacts. The major benefit of biochar is that it helps the adsorption process with its highly porous structures and different functional groups. Understanding the elements involved in biochar formation that determine its characteristics and adsorptive capacity is necessary to assure the viability of biochar in terms of plant productivity and soil health, particularly biological activity in soil. This paper focuses on the development, composition, and effects of biochar on soil fertility and health, and crop productivity.

The results of the use of mineral fertilizers and sideral crops in crop production. Biological activity of chernozem soils

This article presents the results of field research conducted on the territory of the Central Chernozem region of Russia. The factors of the experiment are mineral fertilizers containing macronutrients (NPK) and the cultivation of a sideral crop (white mustard). The indicators of the biological activity of the soil (typical chernozem) by the method of “decomposition of linen cloth” are considered. It has been established that the highest values of the studied indicator are achieved when sowing a sideral crop without the use of mineral fertilizers. In a soil layer of 0-20 cm, the best result was observed on a corn crop, where the biological activity in this variant is 41.3%. In a soil layer of 20-40 cm, with a similar combination of factors, the highest result was observed on a winter wheat crop (35.4%). The regularity of a decrease in the biological activity of the soil with an increase in the depth of sampling of the analyzed samples is noted.

Adoption drivers of organic vegetable farming practices among vegetable farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract The practice of organic agriculture (OA) in Nigeria has undergone expansion due, among other things, to consumer interest in food safety issues. Organic Farming (OF) is a holistic production management system that promotes and enhances agro‑ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity. The study investigated adoption drivers for organic vegetable farming practices among vegetable farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 120 organic vegetable farmers were sampled through a multistage sampling procedure, and survey questions were administered. Data were analysed using frequency counts, mean, and Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The majority of farmers had a good knowledge of Organic Vegetable Farming Practices (OVFP), which aids adoption and is a good signal for economic returns and sustainable livelihoods. The most rated of the three benefit domains was health, which averagely was rated high (x̅ = 1.38), while economic (x̅ = 1.04) and environmental conservation benefits (x̅ = 1.00) were both rated average; with enhanced good health and long life; reduced climate change effects, as well as generation of greenhouse gases and higher premiums in the marketplace identified as top health, environmental conservation, and economic benefits, respectively. Although the majority of farmers highly adopted OVFP, however, a closer examination of the few practices that the majority of the farmers did not adopt was of health and environmental significance. Farmers’ age, education, farm size, household size, knowledge, health, and economic benefits of OF were important drivers of adoption and practices of OF among Oyo State, Nigeria vegetable farmers. OF, therefore, is a sustainable agricultural approach that holds great potential for effectively contributing to local food security, the health of citizens, increased family health, and environmental standards.

Soil properties are affected by vegetation types in a semi-arid mountain landscape

Soil plays a crucial role in the provision of ecosystem services, particularly in mountain areas that are frequently regarded as delicate and vulnerable systems. The alteration of vegetation cover is known to impact the various fractions of organic matter and other soil properties, subsequently influencing the activities of microbes and enzymes that play a role in nutrient cycling. However, there is not much information available regarding the effect on soil properties in semi-arid mountain landscapes. Here, we studied different soil features under woodland (dominated by Carpinus orientalis Miller.), shrubland (dominated by Berberis integerrima Bunge.) and grassland (dominated by Festuca ovina L., Dactylis glomerata L. and Bromus danthoniae Trin.) in the north of Iran. In the summer, a total of eighteen soil (0–10 cm depth) samples were collected from each vegetation type. In addition, to investigate the dynamics of soil microclimate and biota population, the same number of soil samples were collected in the fall season. Results indicated that woodland had a more fertile soil and a higher biological activity than the other vegetation types. Soil earthworm groups showed higher densities in the fall season, whereas soil biota population and microbial processes were enhanced in the summer season. In addition, the study area presented hot spots of soil fertility and biological activities in woodland compared with shrubland and grassland. As a conclusion, distinct soil properties are influenced by various types of vegetation (particularly woody species in contrast to grass covers). With the aim of increasing soil functioning or rehabilitating degraded areas, natural resource managers are suggested to establish wood covers (trees or shrubs) rather than grasslands, whenever possible.

Atividade biológica do solo cultivado com feijão-guandu sob diferentes manejos de adubação

ABSTRACT: Fertilization management of pigeon peas can increase soil quality and the N utilization by plants. Therefore, we evaluated the biological activity of soil cultivated with pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.) under different fertilization treatments. A randomized block design was used with three replicates and a 3×5 factorial arrangement (genotype×fertilization and inoculation management). At full flowering stage, the plants were collected and shoot dry matter was evaluated. Soil was sampled at 0-20 cm for various analysis viz. nodulation assessment; soil organic carbon; total nitrogen; carbon and nitrogen from microbial biomass; C/N ratio; β-glucosidase and urease enzymatic activity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (P ≤ 0.05). A Pearson correlation matrix was constructed, and the similarity between treatments was evaluated using the Mahalanobis distance and grouping was done using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA). Both the experimental genotypes (BRS03 and BRS04) showed similar nodulation and shoot dry matter pattern with respect to fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, the microbial inoculation promoted a higher shoot dry matter content in all the genotypes. The application of mineral N and inoculation increased the total N content in the soil, favoring the mineralization of this nutrient. During the testing phase, the genotypes exhibited an increase in microbial carbon and microbial quotient levels, indicating an improvement in soil quality. The combination of fertilization and inoculation increased the enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase and urease. The correlation matrix showed a strong association between N total and C/N ratio. The formation of groups by UPGMA was observed as a function of inoculation, demonstrating its effect on soil biological variables.

Machine learning in soil science for prediction and management of biological activity for sustainable land use

The article discusses the use of machine learning methods for predicting and managing soil biological activity, which is a key aspect of sustainable land use. The development of a random forest model for predicting the Respiration parameter based on data on the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil collected in various areas of Baltimore, Maryland is shown. The model has demonstrated an accuracy of about 70%, which highlights its potential for application in the agricultural sector. The results of visualization of the distribution of actual and predicted values, as well as the analysis of prediction errors are presented. Prospects for further improvement of the model using a genetic algorithm to optimize hyperparameters and integrate additional data such as climatic conditions and historical land use data are discussed. The findings highlight the importance of using machine learning to improve agricultural production efficiency and minimize environmental impacts.

Comparative Assessment of The Climatological Conditions on The Biological Activity of Ampelocenoses Soils Cultivated in The Wine-Growing Regions of The Southern Coast of Crimea and The Eastern Part of The National Park “Fruska Gora”

Over the last years, research interest in the use of soil biological activity indicator for predicting the state and sustainability of natural and agroecosystems has increased significantly due to climatic changes altering the location and boundaries of established agroclimatic belts. These changes are characterized by unprecedented speed, as well as spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In this regard, the identification of regularities of influence of regional agroclimatic factors on soil microbiota as an indicator of soil health under different types of land use is of great relevance. In this paper, we tried to determine the climatic factors limiting the activity of soil microbiome functioning on the basis of calculation of climatic indices in two regions of grape cultivation close in temperature regime, but contrasting in humidity, located in the Republic of Crimea and the Republic of Serbia.

Aqueous extract of spent hops suppresses root-knot nematode and enhances soil biological activity

Aqueous extract of spent hops suppresses root-knot nematode and enhances soil biological activity

Comprehensive chemical passivation of active-state heavy metals in relation to soil biological activity in Taojia River basin

Rapid global industrialization has resulted in irreversible environmental degradation, with one pressing issue being the escalating problem of land contamination induced by heavy metals (HMs). This phenomenon not only inflicts lasting harm on plants and microorganisms within the affected regions but also imposes significant losses on various industrial chains, particularly in the realm of agriculture. A noteworthy illustration is the soil contamination in the Taojia River Basin, Hunan Province, China, attributed to mining activities. Therefore, this study is dedicated to examining the passivation of active-state lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the cultivated fields of the Taojia River Basin. To achieve this, two passivating agents, namely bentonite (referred to as passivator-P) and an acidifying soil agent known as “Shi Di Jia” (referred to as passivator-S), were employed, along with a control group (CK). The passivation of Pb primarily relies on cation exchange adsorbed on the passivator's surface, while the passivation of Cd is intricately linked to total nitrogen content (TN). Indoor incubation tests were conducted to assess Pb and Cd in the soil. Additionally, an analysis of various soil health indicators and their relationships with microbial dynamics and soil enzymes was undertaken. The findings revealed that passivator-P exhibited greater efficacy in the passivation of Pb at concentrations of 3% and 5%, while higher concentrations of passivator-S demonstrated increased effectiveness in passivating Cd. Concerning bacterial diversity, the soil pH post-passivation showed a positive correlation with the Observed_species index, whereas Pb and Cd exhibited negative associations with the Chao1 index. Regarding fungal diversity, soil TN post-passivation displayed a positive correlation with the Simpson index. It is concluded that adding passivator-P at a 3% concentration proved to be the optimal passivating agent for Pb-contaminated soils in the Taojia River Basin. Although passivator-S demonstrated lesser efficacy in passivating Pb, it proved to be suitable for Cd passivation. These findings offer a crucial reference for passivation passivation remediation in the Taojia River area and other sites with similar characteristics, shedding light on the impacts on soil organisms. The implications underscore the necessity for site-specific remediation strategies and a holistic approach to addressing HMs contamination.

Long-term effects of oil contamination on soil quality and metabolic function.

Widespread soil contamination with oil and the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to soil biota make it extremely important to study microbial responses to oil stress. Soil metabolites reflect the main metabolic pathways in the soil microbial community. The examination of changes in the soil metabolic profile and metabolic function is essential for a better understanding of the nature of the pollution and restoration of the disturbed soils. The present study aimed to assess the long-term effect of oil on the ecological state of the soil, evaluate quantitative and qualitative differences in metabolite composition between soil contaminated with oil and non-contaminated soil, and reveal biologically active metabolites that are related to oil contamination and can be used for contamination assessment. A long-term field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of various oil concentrations on the biochemical properties and metabolic profile of the soil. Podzolic soil contaminated with oil demonstrated the long-term inhibition of soil biological activity and vegetation. Oil affected the metabolic activity of soil fungi increasing the production of toxic metabolites. A metabolomic approach was employed to determine soil metabolites. The metabolite profile was found to vary greatly between oil-contaminated and non-contaminated soils. Carbohydrates had the largest number of metabolites negatively affected by oil, while the content of organic acids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids was mainly increased in oil-contaminated soil. The evaluation of the long-term impact of oil on microbial metabolism can make a valuable contribution to the assessment of soil quality and the activity of soil microorganisms being under stress from oil pollution. The results contribute to a further understanding of the role of microorganisms in the ecological functions of contaminated soil, which can be useful in the development of rehabilitation strategies for disturbed sites.

Сравнительный анализ лимитирующих функционирование почвенного микробиома факторов при культивировании винограда в условиях Южного берега Крыма и Автономного края Воеводина Республики Сербия

Research interest in the use of soil biological activity indicator for predicting the state and sustainability of natural and agroecosystems has increased significantly in recent years due to climatic changes changing the location and boundaries of established agroclimatic belts. Distinctive features of these changes are unprecedented speed, as well as spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In this regard, the identification of regularities of influence of regional agroclimatic factors on soil microbiota as an indicator of soil health under different types of land use is of great relevance. In this work, an attempt was made to determine the climatic factors limiting the activity of soil microbiome functioning on the basis of calculation of climatic indices in two regions of grape cultivation close in temperature regime but contrasting in humidity. The results of the research showed that the value of basal respiration in the soils of ampelocenoses of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina of the Republic of Serbia was 6-11 times higher than in the soils of ampelocenoses of the South Coast of Crimea, which is probably due to a sharp deficit of moisture in the latter (moisture coefficient 0.39 vs. 1.13 in Vojvodina). Regardless of the geographical location of wineries, basal respiration of soils in organic vineyards was twice as high as in soils of farms practicing the traditional system of grape cultivation, indicating more favorable conditions for the functioning of the soil microbial community. Keywords: BASAL RESPIRATION, BIOCLIMATIC INDICES, VINEYARDS, AMPELOCENOSIS, WINKLER THERMAL INDEX, HUGLIN HELIOTHERMAL INDEX, SELYANINOV HYDROTHERMAL HUMIDIFICATION COEFFICIENT, HUMIDIFICATION COEFFICIENT