Biogenic AgNPs Research Articles

Decoration of biogenic AgNPs on template free ZnO nanorods for sunlight driven photocatalytic detoxification of dyes and inhibition of bacteria

A facile, template free innovative and inexpensive route based on the biogenic method has been demonstrated for the synthesis of AgNPs decorated on ZnO nanorods. The as-synthesized Ag–ZnO nanorods have been characterized by a host of different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The sunlight-induced photocatalytic feature of Ag–ZnO nanorods was verified towords the degradation of Methyl Orange and Acid Green-25. The cytotoxicological test indicate that toxicity of photocatalytically degraded products were significantly reduced as compared to original dyes. Also antimicrobial studies against Pseudomonas aurogenosa (NCIM 5032) and Bacillus Subtilis (NCIM 2635), were evaluated. The Ag–ZnO nanorods have exhibited an excellent sunlight-induced photocatalytic degradation of dyes compared to pristine ZnO. The experimental results suggest that sunlight induced photocatalytic activity is favoured due to extension of the optical response from UV to visible and suppression of recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis T‐1 growing on agro‐industrial wastes and producing biosurfactant

In this study, culture supernatnats of Bacillus subtilis T-1 growing on brewery effluents and molasses was used for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesis. The biosurfactant production of B. subtilis T-1 was confirmed by the detection of genes in the genome and by the identification of the product in the supernatants. The genes for synthesis of surfactin (sfp, srfAA) and iturin (ituC) were noted by PCR reactions. Also, in examined culture supernatants the presence of C13, C14 and C15 surfactin homologues with the sodiated molecules [M + Na](+) at m/z 1030, 1044 and 1058 was confirmed using LC/MS/MS analysis. The formation of NPs in the culture supernatants was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy. The dynamic light scattering measurements and transmission electron microscopy images showed the nanometric sizes of the biosynthesised Ag-NPs which ranged from several nm to several tens of nm depending on the used culture supernatant. Biological properties of Ag-NPs were evaluated by binding of Ag-NPs with DNA isolated from the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and B. subtilis ATCC 6633. Biogenic Ag-NPs were actively bound to DNA in increased concentration which could be the one important mode of antibacterial action of the Ag-NPs.

Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rhizopus stolonifer.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become a necessary field of applied science. Biological method for synthesis of AgNPs by Rhizopus stolonifer aqueous mycelial extract was used. The AgNPs were identified by UV–visible spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The presence of surface plasmon band around 420 nm indicates AgNPs formation. The characteristic of the AgNPs within the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure are indicated by the peaks of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern corresponding to (1 1 1), (2 0 0) and (2 2 0) planes. Spherical, mono-dispersed and stable AgNPs with diameter around 9.47 nm were prepared and affirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) shows peaks at 1426 and 1684 cm−1 that affirm the presence of coat covering protein the AgNPs which is known as capping proteins. Parameter optimization showed the smallest size of AgNPs (2.86 ± 0.3 nm) was obtained with 10−2 M AgNO3 at 40 °C. The present study provides the proof that the molecules within aqueous mycelial extract of R. stolonifer facilitate synthesis of AgNPs and highlight on value-added from R. stolonifer for cost effectiveness. Also, eco-friendly medical and nanotechnology-based industries could also be provided. Size of prepared AgNPs could be controlled by temperature and AgNO3 concentration. Further studies are required to study effect of more parameters on size and morphology of AgNPs as this will help in the control of large scale production of biogenic AgNPs.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Terminalia cuneata and its catalytic action in reduction of direct yellow-12 dye

Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous bark extract of Terminalia cuneata has been reported in this article. The effects of concentration of the extract, reaction time and pH were studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Appearance of yellow color with λmax around ~420nm suggested the formation of AgNPs. The stable AgNPs were further characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) with zeta potential and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The synthesized AgNPs were in the size range of 25–50nm with a distorted spherical shape identified from HR-TEM analysis. The catalytic activity of AgNPs on the reduction of direct yellow-12 using NaBH4 was analyzed using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. This study showed the efficacy of biogenic AgNPs in catalyzing the reduction of direct yellow-12.

Antimicrobial activity and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Trichoderma viride

ABSTRACTGreen synthesis of nanoparticles has an increasing benefit because of the rising need for developing environmentally friendly, cost-effective and safe strategies for nanomaterials synthesis. In this study, we investigated the fungus Trichoderma viride, which is used for the synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles. The bioreduction of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was observed spectrophotometrically, and the studied Ag NPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The Ag NPs synthesized by T. viride were observed as stabilized and polydispersed globular particles, in sizes ranging from 1 to 50 nm. The antibacterial potential of Ag NPs was evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria. The biogenic Ag NPs significantly inhibited the growth of all tested pathogenic bacteria.

Silver Nanocoatings at Large Length Scales: Influence of the AgNPs Morphology and Capping Agents on the Coating Chemical Stability and Antimicrobial Effect

We assessed at multiple length scales (nanometers to millimeters) the nanocoatings of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on model SiO2/Si substrates. The coatings from biogenic AgNPs (from yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) were compared to those formed from AgNPs capped with citrate and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). With computational analysis of large-field (LF) X-ray images of the whole substrates (5 × 5 mm), we were able to assess the coatings homogeneity, relative amount of AgNPs, and their distribution as agglomerates. Surprisingly, by analyzing more than 100,000 elements (nanoparticles and agglomerates) in each sample, it was observed that the mentioned features have little dependence on the AgNPs morphology and capping agents. All silver nanocoatings resisted when immersed in phosphate-buffered saline medium by forming agglomerates of up to 10 µm2. However, coatings formed with synthetic AgNPs (capped with citrate and SDS) led to a higher antimicrobial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus.

Biogenic synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Indoneesiella echioides: in vitro assessment on antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential

Natural synthesis of metal nanoparticles is gaining more attention in recent years. This article demonstrates the phytochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using Indoneesiella echioides (L) leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was monitored by UV–visible spectroscopy which revealed intense surface plasmon resonance bands at 420 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction were employed to identify various functional groups and crystalline nature of AgNPs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies demonstrated that synthesized particles were spherical with average size of ~29 nm. In vitro antioxidant effects were analyzed by 2,2′-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), which exhibited 69 and 71 % of scavenging activity, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of green AgNPs displayed better zone of inhibition against selected human pathogens. The present study also investigated the toxicity effect of biogenic AgNPs against human lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells (A549) and normal human epithelial cells (HBL-100) in vitro, and the inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were found to be 30 and 60 µg/mL, respectively. Herein, we propose a previously unexplored medicinal plant for the biological synthesis of AgNPs with potent biomedical applications.

Mechanistic aspects of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles against food- and water-borne microbes.

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from aqueous leaves extract of Malva crispa and their mode of interaction with food- and water-borne microbes were investigated. Formation of AgNPs was conformed through UV-Vis, FE-SEM, EDS, AFM, and HR-TEM analyses. Further the concentration of silver (Ag) in the reaction mixture was conformed through ICP-MS analysis. Different concentration of nanoparticles (1-3mM) tested to know the inhibitory effect of bacterial pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella enterica and the fungal pathogens of Penicillium expansum, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sojae and Aspergillus niger. Interestingly, nanoparticles synthesized from 2 to 3mM concentration of AgNO3 showed excellent inhibitory activities against both bacterial and fungal pathogens which are well demonstrated through well diffusion, poison food technique, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). In addition, mode of interaction of nanoparticles into both bacterial and fungal pathogens was documented through Bio-TEM analysis. Further the genomic DNA isolated from test bacterial strains and their interaction with nanoparticles was carried out to elucidate the possible mode of action of nanoparticles against bacteria. Interestingly, AgNPs did not show any genotoxic effect against all the tested bacterial strains which are pronounced well in agarose gel electrophoresis and for supporting this study, UV-Vis and Bio-TEM analyses were carried out in which no significant changes observed compared with control. Hence, the overall results concluded that the antimicrobial activity of biogenic AgNPs occurred without any DNA damage.

Modulatory Effect of Citrate Reduced Gold and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on α-Amylase Activity

Amylase is one of the important digestive enzymes involved in hydrolysis of starch. In this paper, we describe a novel approach to study the interaction of amylase enzyme with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and checked its catalytic function. AuNPs are synthesized using citrate reduction method and AgNPs were synthesized using biological route employing Ficus benghalensis and Ficus religiosa leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent to reduce silver nitrate to silver atoms. A modulatory effect of nanoparticles on amylase activity was observed. Gold nanoparticles are excellent biocompatible surfaces for the immobilization of enzymes. Immobilized amylase showed 1- to 2-fold increase of activity compared to free enzyme. The biocatalytic activity of amylase in the bioconjugate was marginally enhanced relative to the free enzyme in solution. The bioconjugate material also showed significantly enhanced pH and temperature stability. The results indicate that the present study paves way for the modulator degradation of starch by the enzyme with AuNPs and biogenic AgNPs, which is a promising application in the medical and food industry.

Comparative analysis of biosynthesised and chemosynthesised silver nanoparticles with special reference to their antibacterial activity against pathogens

The present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using both biological and chemical routes to find out the best method for control of their size and activity. The fungal agent (Fusarium oxysporum) and the plant (Azadirachta indica) were found to be the best source for AgNPs synthesis. Both biosynthesis and chemosynthesis were achieved by challenging filtrate with AgNO3 (1 mM) solution. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis (LM20), zeta potential measurement and transmission electron microscopy. The biologically synthesised nanoparticles were spherical, polydispersed and in the range of 10-40 nm, while chemically synthesised nanoparticles were highly monodispersed with a size of 5 nm. The antimicrobial assay against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus proved biogenic AgNPs to be more potent antibacterial agents than chemically synthesised AgNPs. The possible antibacterial mechanism of AgNPs has also been discussed. Biogenic AgNPs have shown more activity because of the protein capping and their mode of entry into the bacterial cell. These findings may encourage the use of biosynthesis over the chemosynthesis method.

Scolicidal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices

Cystic hydatid disease (CHD), a helminth infection with various clinical complications caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus is considered as a public health problem in different regions of the world. To date, scolicidal agents have been broadly applied for inactivation of the fertile cysts and these scolicidal agents have several side effects on patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the scolicidal efficacies of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from the aqueous aerial extract of Penicillium aculeatum against protoscolices of CHD in-vitro. Protoscolices were aseptically aspirated from infected livers of sheep with CHD. Various concentrations (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mg/mL) of green synthesis of Ag-NPs and different exposure times (10, 30, 60 and 120 min) were used against protoscolices of CHD. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. The findings showed that the Ag-NPs at all concentrations have high scolicidal effects. The concentrations 0.1 and 0.15 mg/mL after 120 min of exposure times showed 83% and 90% mortality rate, respectively. The least scolicidal activity of biosynthesized Ag-NPs was 40% (0.025 mg/mL and 10 min). The current investigation indicated that applying biogenic Ag-NPs may be considered as a potential scolicidal agent for CHD surgery due to being economical, safer and non-toxic compared to the used chemical materials. However, further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of Ag-NPs in vivo.

Novel Trend in Colon Cancer Therapy Using Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Honey Bee

Recently, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been well explored which draws attention to its possible biomedical applications especially in cancer therapy. In the current study, the novelty in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using honey bee extract has been explained. This study was also aiming at investigating the anti-colon cancer activities of the biogenic AgNPs along with its capping biomolecules in vitro. The obtained biogenic AgNPs were well characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the formed AgNPs have spherical shape with size range from 12 to 18 nm embedded in honey bee biomolecules. The cytotoxicity results of AgNPs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) indicated that the obtained AgNPs could be used safely with concentrations upto 39 μg/ml. On the other hand, the potentialities of the biogenic AgNPs against colon cancer proliferation recorded 60% inhibition using its nontoxic dose with a down regulation of the expression of Bcl2 and survivin gene. By the extraction of AgNPs capping biomolecules to explain the exact fraction that is responsible for the anticancer properties, it was found that both AgNPs and its capping biomolecules have anti-proliferative effects with a priority to the naked AgNPs.

In Vivo Evaluation of Complex Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle and Enoxaparin in Wound Healing

The burns treatment is difficult, uncomfortable for the patient, and expensive for health system. Due to antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), these particles can avoid bacterial infection in wound and accelerate the wound healing. Furthermore, the complexation of AgNP with enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin) may improve the healing process of lesions due to anti‐inflammatory and angiogenic activity of enoxaparin (Enox). The aim of this study was evaluated the activity and toxicity of biogenic AgNP and AgNP complexed with Enox in in vivo burn wound model. AgNP was produced by biosynthesis method using Fusarium oxysporum. AgNP (20–40 nm) exhibited high stability due to protein capping around the particles that was confirmed by TEM, fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR. The wound contraction in in vivo model, after 28 days of treatment, was 55, 89, 91, and 95% for control, Enox, AgNP, and AgNP‐Enox groups, respectively. No clear toxic effects in the biochemistry and hematological parameters were verified in all treated groups. However, in the AgNP‐Enox group, a statistically significant increase in the urea levels was observed indicating increased proteolysis due to inflammation process. The results demonstrated that the complex AgNP‐Enox is interesting for wound healing decreasing the time of lesions healing.

Probing the wound healing potential of biogenic silver nanoparticles.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their antimicrobial profile and wound healing activities. However, cytotoxicity and cosmetic abnormalities associated with silver pose a major challenge in their translation for therapeutic applications. Our objective was to develop biogenic AgNPs, using a single-step green synthesis, and to investigate their in vitro and in vivo behaviour as wound-healing agents. AgNPs were prepared using the green synthesis approach with aqueous Bryonia laciniosa leaves extract. The AgNPs were then evaluated for physicochemical properties, stability, and antimicrobial and in vivo wound healing activities. Stable AgNPs with characteristic absorption at 408nm and 15±3nm particle size were generated via the active involvement of Bryonia laciniosa. No loss of stability was detected after 6 months at room temperature. Antibacterial activity was observed against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with no cytotoxicity observed in vitro at a concentration of 200 μg/mL and effective cytokine modulation. In vivo wound healing experiments showed improved wound contracting ability in rats where, after 14 days, wound alleviation was 47.1±2.2% in the control groups, compared with 78.1±1.4% and 92.6±6.7% for a silver-based marketed cream and the AgNPs, respectively. The developed AgNPs proved to be superior wound healing agents owing to scarless healing with insignificant inflammation and toxicity. There were no external sources of funding for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Enhanced antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammtory, and antiangiogenic due to its unique properties such as physical, chemical, and biological properties. The present study was aimed to investigate antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics against various human pathogenic bacteria. Here, we show that a simple, reliable, cost effective and green method for the synthesis of AgNPs by treating silver ions with leaf extract of Allophylus cobbe. The A. cobbe-mediated synthesis of AgNPs (AgNPs) was characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of antibiotics or AgNPs, or combinations of AgNPs with an antibiotic was evaluated using a series of assays: such as in vitro killing assay, disc diffusion assay, biofilm inhibition, and reactive oxygen species generation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumonia. The results suggest that, in combination with antibiotics, there were significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects at lowest concentration of AgNPs using a novel plant extract of A. cobbe, otherwise sublethal concentrations of the antibiotics. The significant enhancing effects were observed for ampicillin and vancomycin against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. These data suggest that combining antibiotics and biogenic AgNPs can be used therapeutically for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria. This study presented evidence of antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of A. cobbe-mediated synthesis of AgNPs and their enhanced capacity against various human pathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that AgNPs could be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Autocatalytic growth of biofunctionalized antibacterial silver nanoparticles

Development of eco-friendly processes for nanosynthesis is gaining importance owing to the widespread application of nanoparticles (NPs). In the present study, we have explained the mechanism and kinetics of bioreduction in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Rhizophora apiculata. Spectrophotometric methods were employed to quantify the bioactive molecules present before and after the reduction process. The results showed that the polyphenols were the main components responsible for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, which was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The kinetics of formation of AgNPs were monitored by time-resolved spectrophotometric and X-ray diffraction studies, which revealed that the NP formation is an autocatalytic process with a rate constant of 1.9×10(-2) Min(-1) . The NPs were characterized using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques like ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The biogenic AgNPs showed substantial inhibitory activity to Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 2.5, 12.5, 2.5, and 31.25μg/mL, respectively. The current research provides an insight into the mechanistic aspects of bioreduction and formation of AgNPs.

Exploitation of Haloferax alexandrinus for Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Antagonistic to Human and Lower Mammalian Pathogens

In the present study we report the use of cells of a Haloarchaeon for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Biosynthesis of AgNPs occurred within 30 s on exposure of cells of Haloferax alexandrinus to silver nitrate in direct sunlight. Maximum AgNPs production was achieved within 4 min of exposure of silver nitrate (0.05 %) to cells (5 mg/ml), at pH 7, at ambient day temperature (26–34 °C). The AgNPs had characteristic surface plasmon resonance at 420 nm in UV–Vis spectra. Spherical and irregular crystals ranging from 2 to 60 nm in size with an average size of 18 nm were observed in TEM analysis. The FTIR spectral analysis indicated involvement of N–H, –OH, C=O, C–O functional groups present in cells of Haloferax alexandrinus MTCC 3265. The biogenic AgNPs exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against human and mammalian pathogens, in the order of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 > Bordetella bronchiseptica ATCC 4617 > Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 > Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P > Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 > Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 > Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028.

Evaluation of larvicidal activity of biogenic nanoparticles against filariasis causing Culex mosquito vector

ObjectiveTo evaluate the larvicidal activity of biogenic nanoparticles against filariasis causing Culex mosquito vector. MethodsThe synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis. spectrum, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of synthesized AgNPs for 10 min. The different concentrations of 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 and 0.312 mg/L silver nanoparticles were tested against the Culex larvae. ResultsThe mortality rate of Agaricus bisporus biogenic nanoparticles against Culex larvae are 5 mg/L (100%), 2.5 mg/L (81%), 1.25 mg/L (62%), 0.625 mg/L (28%) and 0.312 mg/L (11%). ConclusionsThese results suggest that the synthesized biogenic AgNPs have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for controlling Culex larvae.

Influence of outer membrane c‐type cytochromes on particle size and activity of extracellular nanoparticles produced by Shewanella oneidensis

The metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis is capable of reducing various metal(loid)s and produces nanoparticles (NPs) extracellularly, in which outer membrane c-type cytochromes (OMCs) have been suggested to play important roles. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the OMCs, that is, MtrC and OmcA, on the size and activity of the extracellular silver NPs (AgNPs) and silver sulfide NPs (Ag(2)S NPs) produced by S. oneidensis MR-1. We found that (i) the lack of OMCs on S. oneidensis cell surface decreased the particle size of the extracellular biogenic AgNPs and Ag(2)S NPs; (ii) the biogenic AgNPs from the mutant lacking OMCs showed higher antibacterial activity; and (iii) the biogenic Ag(2)S NPs from the mutant lacking OMCs exhibited higher catalytic activity in methylviologen reduction. The results suggest that it may be possible to control particle size and activity of the extracellular biogenic NPs via controlled expression of the genes encoding surface proteins. In addition, we also reveal that in extracellular biosynthesis of NPs the usually neglected non-cell-associated NPs could have high catalytic activity, highlighting the need of novel methods that can efficiently retain extracellular NPs in the biosynthesis processes.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: An experimental report

A generation of nanoparticles research has discussed recently. It is mandatory to elaborate the applications of biogenic nanoparticles in general and anticancereous property in particular. The present study was aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells towards the development of anticancer agent. Biogenic AgNPs were achieved by employing Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract as a novel reducing agent. It was well characterized by FESEM, EDAX and spectral studies showed spherical shaped nanoparticles in the size of 22nm in slightly agglomerated form. It was surprising that biogenic AgNPs showed cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cell lines were confirmed by MTT, AO-EB, Hochest and COMET assays. There was an immediate induction of cellular damage in terms of loss of cell membrane integrity, oxidative stress and apoptosis were found in the cell which treated with AgNPs. This may be a first report on anti-MCF-7 property of biogenic AgNPs in the fourth generation of nanoparticles research. It is necessary to study the formulation and clinical trials to establish the nano drug to treat cancer cells.