Biofilm-forming Microorganisms Research Articles

Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of radioactive thermal water.

Most of the infections of the upper respiratory tract are caused by biofilm-forming microorganisms belonging to the Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterobacter genus. Many of these microorganisms also show antibiotic resistance, partly related to biofilm formation. The treatment of these affections may include inhalation of radioactive thermal water (RTW). The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibiofilm effect of RTW collected from Merano springs, Italy. A series of experiments were performed evaluating the effect of RTW against planktonic cultures (1 h exposure) and on biofilms (10 min and 1 h exposure) formed by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Viable biomass was assessed using a colorimetric assay. A model based on the infection by the same strains of a reconstituted human respiratory epithelium (RHRE) was used to morphologically evaluate the antibiofilm effect of RTW. RTW decreased the viability of S. aureus and S. pneumoniae planktonic cultures by about 20%. RTW also decreased biofilm viability by all strains except for E. coli at both time points. In the RHRE model, bacterial adherence and colonization occurred in all specimens, showing a particular affinity for the epithelium's cilia. Bacterial infections caused significant alterations in the epithelium structure, showing enlargement of the intercellular spaces, and damage to the cell structure. Specimens infected with S. aureus showed slightly lower colonization levels after RTW treatment. Results of this in vitro study showed a significant effect of RTW against Gram-positive planktonic bacterial cells as well as a significant antibiofilm activity.

The Impact of Cultivation Media on the In Vitro Biofilm Biomass Production of Candida spp.

The yeasts of the genus Candida are among the most clinically significant fungal pathogenic agents. One of the unique features of the Candida species' pathogenicity is their ability to form biofilms. Generally, infections caused by biofilm-forming microorganisms tend to have chronic course and are difficult to treat. This fact highlights the need to search for drugs with anti-biofilm activities. At present, there are variety of protocols for performing antifungal anti-biofilm activity testing in which fundamental differences, especially in the choice of cultivation media for biofilm formation, can be noted. In our study, we focused on the effect of four different culture media on biofilm biomass formation in ten Candida spp. strains. With emphasis placed on clinical significance, strains of the C. albicans species were predominantly included in this study. Based on our results, we can conclude that the availability of other components in the culture media, such as amino acids or proteins, and not just the commonly mentioned glucose availability, helps promote the transition of Candida yeasts into a sessile form and leads to in vitro robust biofilm formation. We revealed that biofilm formation in C. albicans strains was enhanced, especially in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). The nutritionally balanced cultivation medium with 10g/L glucose and 10% (v/v) FBS evidently showed the most significant benefit for in vitro biofilm production in C. albicans strains.

Exploring the Composition and Functions of Plastic Microbiome Using Whole-Genome Sequencing.

Besides the ecotoxicological consequences of microplastics and associated chemicals, the association of microbes on plastics has greater environmental implications as microplastics may select for unique microbiome participating in environmentally significant functions. Despite this, the functional potential of the microbiome associated with different types of plastics is understudied. Here, we investigate the interaction between plastic and marine biofilm-forming microorganisms through a whole-genome sequencing approach on four types of microplastics incubated in the marine environment. Taxonomic analysis suggested that the microplastic surfaces exhibit unique microbial profiles and niche partitioning among the substrates. In particular, the abundance of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio campbellii suggested that microplastic pollution may pose a potential risk to the marine food chain and negatively impact aquaculture industries. Microbial genera involved in xenobiotic compound degradation, carbon cycling, and genes associated with the type IV secretion system, conjugal transfer protein TraG, plant-pathogen interaction, CusA/CzcA family heavy metal efflux transfer proteins, and TolC family proteins were significantly enriched on all the substrates, indicating the variety of processes operated by the plastic-microbiome. The present study gives a detailed characterization of the rapidly altering microbial composition and gene pools on plastics and adds new knowledge surrounding the environmental ramifications of marine plastic pollution.

Characterizing the culturable surface microbiomes of diverse marine animals

ABSTRACTBiofilm-forming bacteria have the potential to contribute to the health, physiology, behavior and ecology of the host and serve as its first line of defense against adverse conditions in the environment. While metabarcoding and metagenomic information furthers our understanding of microbiome composition, fewer studies use cultured samples to study the diverse interactions among the host and its microbiome, as cultured representatives are often lacking. This study examines the surface microbiomes cultured from three shallow-water coral species and two whale species. These unique marine animals place strong selective pressures on their microbial symbionts and contain members under similar environmental and anthropogenic stress. We developed an intense cultivation procedure, utilizing a suite of culture conditions targeting a rich assortment of biofilm-forming microorganisms. We identified 592 microbial isolates contained within 15 bacterial orders representing 50 bacterial genera, and two fungal species. Culturable bacteria from coral and whale samples paralleled taxonomic groups identified in culture-independent surveys, including 29% of all bacterial genera identified in the Megaptera novaeangliae skin microbiome through culture-independent methods. This microbial repository provides raw material and biological input for more nuanced studies which can explore how members of the microbiome both shape their micro-niche and impact host fitness.

Effect of polymer type on the colonization of plastic pellets by marine bacteria

Plastic is omnipresent in the oceans and serves as surface for biofilm-forming microorganisms. Plastic debris comprises different polymers, which may influence microbial colonization and here, we evaluated if polymer type affects bacterial biofilm formation. Quantifying the biofilm on polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) pellets by six marine bacterial strains (Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Phaeobacter) demonstrated that each strain had a unique colonization behavior with either a preference for PS or PP over the other polymer types or no preference for a specific plastic type. PE, PP, and PS pellets were exposed to natural seawater microbiota using free-living or total communities as inoculum. Microbial assembly as determined by 16S rRNA (V4) amplicon sequencing was affected by the composition of the initial inoculum and also by the plastic type. Known polymer and hydrocarbon degraders such as Paraglaciecola, Oleibacter, and Hydrogenophaga were found in the plastic biofilms. Thus, on a community level, bacterial colonization on plastic is influenced by the microorganisms as well as the polymer type, and also individual strains can demonstrate polymer-specific colonization.

Microbial biofilm: A matter of grave concern for human health and food industry.

Pathogenic microorganisms have adapted different strategies during the course of time to invade host defense mechanisms and overcome the effect of potent antibiotics. The formation of biofilm on both biotic and abiotic surfaces by microorganisms is one such strategy to resist and survive even in presence of antibiotics and other adverse environmental conditions. Biofilm is a safe home of microorganisms embedded within self-produced extracellular polymeric substances comprising of polysaccharides, extracellular proteins, nucleic acid, and water. It is because of this adaptation strategy that pathogenic microorganisms are taking a heavy toll on the health and life of organisms. In this review, we discuss the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms on tissues and medically implanted devices in human beings. We also focus on food spoilage, disease outbreaks, biofilm-associated deaths, burden on economy, and other major concerns of biofilm-forming pathogenic microorganisms in food industries like dairy, poultry, ready-to-eat food, meat, and aquaculture.

Trace Metal Contamination Impacts Predicted Functions More Than Structure of Marine Prokaryotic Biofilm Communities in an Anthropized Coastal Area.

Trace metal (TM) contamination in marine coastal areas is a worldwide threat for aquatic communities. However, little is known about the influence of a multi-chemical contamination on both marine biofilm communities’ structure and functioning. To determine how TM contamination potentially impacted microbial biofilms’ structure and their functions, polycarbonate (PC) plates were immerged in both surface and bottom of the seawater column, at five sites, along strong TM contamination gradients, in Toulon Bay. The PC plates were incubated during 4 weeks to enable colonization by biofilm-forming microorganisms on artificial surfaces. Biofilms from the PC plates, as well as surrounding seawaters, were collected and analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing to describe prokaryotic community diversity, structure and functions, and to determine the relationships between bacterioplankton and biofilm communities. Our results showed that prokaryotic biofilm structure was not significantly affected by the measured environmental variables, while the functional profiles of biofilms were significantly impacted by Cu, Mn, Zn, and salinity. Biofilms from the contaminated sites were dominated by tolerant taxa to contaminants and specialized hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms. Functions related to major xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, such as methane metabolism, degradation of aromatic compounds, and benzoate degradation, as well as functions involved in quorum sensing signaling, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix, and biofilm formation were significantly over-represented in the contaminated site relative to the uncontaminated one. Taken together, our results suggest that biofilms may be able to survive to strong multi-chemical contamination because of the presence of tolerant taxa in biofilms, as well as the functional responses of biofilm communities. Moreover, biofilm communities exhibited significant variations of structure and functional profiles along the seawater column, potentially explained by the contribution of taxa from surrounding sediments. Finally, we found that both structure and functions were significantly distinct between the biofilm and bacterioplankton, highlighting major differences between the both lifestyles, and the divergence of their responses facing to a multi-chemical contamination.

Impact of the Peptide WMR-K on Dual-Species Biofilm Candida albicans/Klebsiella pneumoniae and on the Untargeted Metabolomic Profile.

In recent years, the scientific community has focused on the development of new antibiotics to address the difficulties linked to biofilm-forming microorganisms and drug-resistant infections. In this respect, synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are particularly regarded for their therapeutic potential against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In this work, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the peptide WMR-K towards single and dual species cultures of Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated. We found minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for WMR-K of 10 µM for K. pneumoniae and of 200 µM for C. albicans. Furthermore, sub-MIC concentrations of peptide showed an in vitro inhibition of biofilm formation of mono and polymicrobial systems and also a good biofilm eradication even if higher concentrations of it are needed. In order to provide additional evidence for the effect of the examined peptide, a study of changes in extracellular metabolites excreted and/or uptaken from the culture medium (metabolomic footprinting) in the poly-microbial association of C. albicans and K. pneumoniae in presence and absence of WMR-K was performed. Comparing to the untreated dual species biofilm culture, the metabolomic profile of the WMR-K treated culture appears significantly altered. The differentially expressed compounds are mainly related to the primary metabolic pathways, including amino acids, trehalose, pyruvic acid, glycerol and vitamin B6.

Cell Immunity in Implant-Associated Infections Caused by Biofilm-Forming Microorganisms.

High biofilm-forming capacity of Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from biomaterial of patients with infectious complications after primary knee replacement developed within 6-12 months after surgery was experimentally demonstrated. Differential leukocyte counts and some indicators of cell immunity in these patients were compared with those in patients without purulent complications and healthy volunteers. In patients with implant-associated infection, the relative numbers of T cells (both T-helpers and T-suppressors) B cells were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, while the number of NK cells was significantly increased in comparison with the corresponding parameters in other groups. The revealed changes attest to cell immunity failure in biofilm infection.

Study on Biofilm Forming Microorganisms Associated with the Biocorrosion of X80 Pipeline Steel in Produced Water from Oilfield

Abstract Biocorrosion is the main process that causes pipeline damages and losses in the oil industry. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of biofilm forming microorganisms on the biocorrosion of X80 steel exposed in produced water through microbiological characterization, film and biofilm analysis by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, weight loss and surface analysis by laser confocal microscopy. Changes in produced water after 360 days were attributed to planktonic cells, temperature conditions, contact with air, photo-oxidation, biodegradation, and seasonality. The total aerobic bacteria presented sessile cell concentration of 7.39 x 104 CFU/cm2, while the other investigated groups showed lower concentrations. The micrography of the film showed salt crystals, whereas in the biofilm microorganisms, exopolysaccharides and corrosion products were observed. Weight loss after 360 days for the abiotic and biotic systems was 0.0222 g/cm2 and 0.3039 g/cm2, respectively, showing that microorganisms accentuated the corrosion of X80 steel.

Infection, infection control, and disinfectants in a challenging infection era

Health care-associated infections inflict a huge clinical and economic burden on public health worldwide. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to escalate, and antimicrobial stewardship initiatives have yet to make a major impact. Additionally, the ability of bacteria to evade environmental threats by living within a self-produced protective biofilm and/or producing resistant spores further challenges effective infection control. The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has also amplified the burden significantly. Amidst a particularly challenging infection era, the demand for meticulous infection control and prevention practices is paramount, a key component of which is the use of appropriate disinfectants that can combat a wide variety of microbial pathogens, including diverse forms of viruses and bacteria, particularly highly tolerant spore-forming and biofilm-forming microorganisms. This review addresses the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used disinfectants such as alcohols, hypochlorite, and quaternary ammonium compounds, together with oxidizing agents such as chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid, which are gaining increasing acceptance in routine infection control practices today. Given the increasing requirements for rapid-acting disinfectants that are effective against the toughest of microorganisms (e.g. spores and biofilm), are environmentally friendly, and remain active under diverse environmental conditions, emerging oxidizing agents warrant further consideration, particularly chlorine dioxide, which offers most requirements for an ideal disinfectant, including retention of activity over a broad pH range. Given the critical importance of infection control and antimicrobial stewardship in public health and health care facilities today, consideration of chlorine dioxide as a safe, selective, highly effective, and environmentally friendly disinfectant is warranted.

Degradation of naphthalene and pyrene by several biofilm-forming photosynthesis purple bacterial strains

Aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, pyrene are recalcitrant compounds found in oil contaminated areas including petroleum storage tanks, oil exploiting companies. These components are difficult to be degraded/transformed in the lack of oxygen conditions. Among anaerobic and micro-aerobic microorganisms, photosynthetic purple bacteria are the dominant group. Photosynthetic purple bacteria (PPB) are considered as aquatic organisms which are able to grow in anaerobic conditions by photosynthesis but without oxygen. This bacterial group has flexible metabolic types depending on living conditions, then they are widely distributed in nature. There are numerous publications on planktonic PPB which could use naphthalene and pyrene as carbon and energy sources. However, there is no publication on biofilm formed by PPB to degrade their aromatic compounds. In this research, 4 biofilm-forming PPB strains including DQ41, PY2, PY6 and DG12 were screened and estimated their pyrene and napthalene degradation capacity. These organisms demonstrated high biofilm forming ability. As biofilm types, their utilization efficiencies were upper 79% with the initial concentrations of naphthalene and pyrene of 200 and 250 ppm, respectively. These results may contribute to enlarge the number of biofilm-forming microorganisms to degrade/transform aromatic hydrocarbons in polluted area treatment in Vietnam.

Antibiofilm Activity of Natural Products: Promising Strategies for Combating Microbial Biofilms

Abstract Microbial biofilm is defined as an association of bacterial and fungal cells, fixed to surfaces, biotic or abiotic, included in a complex extracellular matrix of polymeric substances (EPS). It is estimated that approximately 65% of microbial infections are caused by biofilm-forming microorganisms, representing a serious public health problem. In addition, the integrity of machinery and equipment in industries can be compromised by the presence of biofilms, causing significant economic losses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new drugs that are effective against biofilms, which are non-toxic. Natural products have been extensively studied due to their enormous antimicrobial efficacy, like garlic, chitosan derivatives, various peptide spices, products derived from plants and essential oils. Thus, the purpose of this review is to describe the most promising anti-biofilm compounds derived from natural products for bacteria and fungi. One way of treating infections is to use medicinal plants. They have several compounds that have antimicrobial properties and raise your interest in medicine for the treatment of infections. Essential oils are secondary metabolites produced by plants; they act by damaging the extracellular matrix and eliminate adherence factors, contributing to the failure in the construction of the biofilm. Other strategy is the Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). They are short linear amino acid sequences, which display antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacterial species. It is a promising novel antimicrobials since they have shown bactericidal effects against multiresistant bacteria. Bacteria and fundi are also capable of producing substances such as peptides and other compounds, which can act as antimicrobials, inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms. This review describes the most promising anti-biofilm compounds, derived from natural products that act against bacteria and fungi. However, the treatment with these compounds must bestudied in detail, since biofilms increase microbial resistance and have strategies to decrease the penetration of antimicrobial substances through their polysaccharide matrix.

EFFECTS OF GREEN IRON NANOPARTICLES ON BIOFILM-FORMING BACTERIA

Objective: The objective of this study was to observe the effects of iron nanoparticles (FeNP) synthesized from plant source of biofilm-forming bacteria.&#x0D; Methods: FeNP were synthesized from Pongamia pinnata leave extracts and it was characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray Analysis. The synthesized FeNP were evaluated against bio film-forming Gram-negative Pseudomonas, Sewage organisms, and Gram-positive hay bacillus Bacillus subtilis. These biofilm-forming microorganisms were evaluated for antibiotic sensitivity. The extracellular and intracellular proteins of biofilm-forming bacteria were estimated in the presence of FeNP.&#x0D; Results: All these biofilm-forming microorganisms were found to be antibiotic-resistant. The green FeNP showed potential antimicrobial effectiveness against hay Bacillus, followed by Pseudomonas and sewage bacteria. These NPs inhibited the intracellular protein formation more than extracellular proteins of biofilm-forming micro-organisms.&#x0D; Conclusions: It can be concluded that the FeNP synthesized from plant sources were effectively inhibited the biofilm-forming microorganisms by obstructing the intracellular protein synthesis. These NPs can be used as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and alternative molecule to treat the antibiotic-resistant biofilm- forming micro-organisms.

Neutrophil extracellular traps in the fight against biofilm-forming microorganisms: hunters or prey?

The review presents up-to-date data on the relationships between neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and biofilm-forming microorganisms P aeruginosa, S. aureus, Candida spp. obtained in vitro and in vivo studies. Up to 80% of human microbial infections are associated with biofilm-forming microorganisms. The formation of highly specialized biofilm communities is one of the main strategies for the survival of bacteria and fungi, significantly increasing their tolerance to aggressive and stressful environmental conditions, chemotherapeutic drugs, and immune system factors, contributing to their persistence and chronicity of the infectious process. The formation of NETs in the process of NETosis is one of the biological mechanisms used by neutrophils in protection against pathogens. Chemoattractants of biofilm origin, as well as those secreted by epithelial and immunocompetent cells, attract and activate migrating neutrophils. However, given that bacteria form fairly large cell clusters and aggregates in biofilms, the process of phagocytosis is sometimes difficult or impossible. Under these conditions, it is logical to assume that the importance of NETs in anti-biofilm immunity increases. However, due to the components of the extracellular biofilm matrix (e.g., Psl exopolysaccharide P aeruginosa), quorum sensing (QS) molecules (e.g., LasR QS system P aeruginosa), enzymes (e.g., LasA protease and LasB elastase P. aeruginosa), toxins (e.g., Panton-Valentine leukocidin and AB Y-hemolysin S. aureus) and probably other factors yet to be studied, the microorganisms in biofilms are able to influence the signaling systems involved in NETosis, the intensity of the formation of NETs, the sequestration and killing mechanisms in them, sometimes subordinating and using NETs components for their own purposes.

Research on the antibacterial and antimycotic effect of the phytopreparation Farnesol on biofilm-forming microorganisms in veterinary medicine

Research on the antibacterial and antimycotic effect of the phytopreparation Farnesol on biofilm-forming microorganisms in veterinary medicine

Anti-biofilm and Antibacterial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Reducing Activity of Phytoconstituents Present in the Indian Medicinal Plants.

Biofilm forming from a variety of microbial pathogens can pose a serious health hazard that is difficult to combat. Nanotechnology, however, represents a new approach to fighting and eradicating biofilm-forming microorganisms. In the present study, the sustainable synthesis and characterization of biocompatible silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from leaf extracts of Semecarpus anacardium, Glochidion lanceolarium, and Bridelia retusa was explored. Continuous synthesis was observed in a UV–vis spectroscopic analysis and the participating phytoconstituents, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and glycosides, were characterized by Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The size and surface charge of the particles were also measured by dynamic light scattering spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy study was employed to examine the morphology of the nanoparticles. The spectroscopic and microscopic study confirmed the successful synthesis of AgNPs by plant extracts acting as strong reducing agents. The synthesized AgNPs were screened for antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against human pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results of the study demonstrate the potential of phyto-synthesized AgNPs to act as anti-biofilm agents and for other biomedical applications.

Community structure and functional diversity of the plastisphere in aquaculture waters: Does plastic color matter?

Microplastics (MPs) serve as a niche for colonization of biofilm-forming microorganisms, termed as plastisphere. Distinct microbial assemblages between MPs and surrounding waters have been well reported, but little is known about driving factors affecting biofilm development on plastic surfaces. Here, to investigate the influence of plastic colors on microbial assemblages, we performed a biofilm incubation experiment, in an aquaculture pond, using MPs in colors (blue, yellow and transparent) that commonly found in the aquatic environments for 30 days. We examined the community structure and function of plastisphere by using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that plastisphere communities exhibited a higher diversity and evenness compared with the water community. MPs especially the blue MPs had more unique species, which might indicate a plastic color/additive-driven selection of microorganisms on MPs. A significant distinctness in bacterial community composition between MPs and the water was found, mainly caused by large amounts of Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium but trace amounts of Microcystis_PCC-7914 on MPs. Due primarily to rich in Aquabacterium but lack of norank_f__norank_o__1–20 on blue MPs than on transparent and yellow MPs, a clear separation between plastisphere communities of three colors of MPs was also observed. Moreover, compared with the water column, the metabolic pathways, e.g., transport and metabolism of amino acid, carbohydrate and inorganic ion, on plastisphere especially those of blue MPs were generally enriched. Biofilms colonizing on blue MPs appeared to have a higher functional diversity than those on transparent or yellow MPs. These results might suggest that plastic colors have impacts on the community structure and functional diversity of plastisphere.

EFFECTS OF GREEN IRON NANOPARTICLES ON BIOFILM-FORMING BACTERIA

Objective: The objective of this study was to observe the effects of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) synthesized from plant source of biofilm-forming bacteria.&#x0D; Methods: FeNPs were synthesized from Pongamia pinnata leaf extracts and it was characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The synthesized FeNPs were evaluated against biofilm-forming Gram-negative Pseudomonas, sewage organisms, and Gram-positive hay Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis. These biofilm-forming microorganisms were evaluated for antibiotic sensitivity. The extracellular and intracellular proteins of biofilm-forming bacteria were estimated in the presence of FeNPs.&#x0D; Results: All these biofilm-forming microorganisms were found to be antibiotic resistant. The green FeNPs showed potential antimicrobial effectiveness against hay Bacillus followed by Pseudomonas and sewage bacteria. These nanoparticles inhibited the intracellular protein formation more than extracellular proteins of biofilm-forming microorganisms.&#x0D; Conclusions: It can be concluded that the FeNPs synthesized from plant sources were effectively inhibited the biofilm-forming microorganisms by obstructing the intracellular protein synthesis. These nanoparticles can be used as an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and alternative molecule to treat the antibiotic-resistant biofilm-forming microorganisms.

Influence of In-Situ Electrochemical Oxidation on Implant Surface and Colonizing Microorganisms Evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

Peri-implantitis is a worldwide increasing health problem, caused by infection of tissue and bone around an implant by biofilm-forming microorganisms. Effects of peri-implantitis treatment using mechanical debridement, air particle abrasion and electrochemical disinfection on implant surface integrity were compared. Dental implants covered with bacterial biofilm were cleaned using mechanical debridement and air particle abrasion. In addition, implants were disinfected using a novel electrochemical technique based on an array of boron-doped diamond (BDD) coated electrodes. Following treatment and preparation, the implants were inspected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mechanical debridement led to changes in surface topography destroying the manufacturer’s medium-rough surface by scratch formation. Air particle abrasion led to accumulation of the abrasive used on the implant surface. With both treatment options, appearance of bacteria and yeasts was not affected. In contrast, electrochemical disinfection did not cause alterations of the implant surface but resulted in distorted microbial cells. Electrochemical disinfection of implant surfaces using BDD electrodes may constitute a promising treatment option for cleaning dental implant surfaces without negatively affecting materials and surface properties.