Abstract
Biofilm forming from a variety of microbial pathogens can pose a serious health hazard that is difficult to combat. Nanotechnology, however, represents a new approach to fighting and eradicating biofilm-forming microorganisms. In the present study, the sustainable synthesis and characterization of biocompatible silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from leaf extracts of Semecarpus anacardium, Glochidion lanceolarium, and Bridelia retusa was explored. Continuous synthesis was observed in a UV–vis spectroscopic analysis and the participating phytoconstituents, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and glycosides, were characterized by Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The size and surface charge of the particles were also measured by dynamic light scattering spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy study was employed to examine the morphology of the nanoparticles. The spectroscopic and microscopic study confirmed the successful synthesis of AgNPs by plant extracts acting as strong reducing agents. The synthesized AgNPs were screened for antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against human pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Results of the study demonstrate the potential of phyto-synthesized AgNPs to act as anti-biofilm agents and for other biomedical applications.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary science focused on the wide-ranging properties of nanoparticles
The qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic, proteins, and saponins in all three plants (S. anacardium, G. lanceolarium, and B. retusa) but resin, steroids, and sterols were not detected
The use of the plant extracts has an advantage over chemical or physical synthesis of AgNPs due to their ability to stabilize AgNPs, their own antibacterial properties, their high level of efficacy, and their low toxicity. Their use represents an ecofriendly approach to the synthesis of AgNPs
Summary
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary science focused on the wide-ranging properties of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles exhibit a broad range of physicochemical properties that greatly contrast their bulk analogs. Anti-biofilm and Antibacterial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles materials exhibit their unique properties due to their high surface energy, large proportion of surface atoms, low level of imperfection, and spatial confinement (Bai et al, 2009). Nanoparticles have distinct advantages over bulk materials due to their surface plasmon light scattering, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Rayleigh scattering, and surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties (Jain et al, 2007). Due to their unique features, nanoscale materials can be used as building blocks for various optoelectronics, electronics, chemical sensing, and biological applications (Ramanavicius et al, 2005)
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