Abstract
Date palm silver nanoparticles are a green synthesis method used as antibacterial agents. Today, there is a considerable interest in it because it is safe, nontoxic, low costly and ecofriendly. Biofilm bacteria existing in marketed local milk is at highly risk on population health and may be life-threatening as most biofilm-forming bacteria are multidrug resistance. The goal of current study is to eradicate biofilm-forming bacteria by alternative treatment green synthesis silver nanoparticles. The biofilm formation by bacterial isolates was detected by Congo red method. The silver nanoparticles were prepared from date palm(khestawy) fruit extract. The formed nanoparticles were characterized with UV-Vis and AFM. The antibacterial activity of synthetic silver nanoparticles was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Gram-negative bacteria isolates were E. coli in 3 isolates and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 5 isolates and all are biofilm producer. The size of synthetic green silver nanoparticles is 18 nm and the generation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by change of date extract color from yellow to brown with an absorption maximum at 410 nm. Highly antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was recorded in comparison to plant extract and silver nitrate against gram-negative biofilm-forming bacteria. From this study, the antibacterial activity of date palm silver nanoparticles was more efficient to eradicate gram negative biofilm[1]forming bacteria isolated from marketed local milk
Highlights
Different plants are used in silver nanoparticles synthesis such as Pedalium murex [3], Mimusops elengi [4], date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) [5] and others
The characterization was carried out at Veterinary College of Al-Qasim Green University and Science College of Babylon University. a) Measuring the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) by UV–visible spectroscopy: The surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver nanoparticles was measured using UV– visible spectroscopy at wavelength ranging from 300-500 nm according to [14]. b) Atomic force microscope (AFM) AgNPs were first diluted in deionized water to an appropriate concentration and ultra sonicated for 15 - 30 minutes
The results showed the antibacterial effect of green synthesis AgNPs was more effective than date palm fruit extract and AgNO3 solution against gramnegative biofilm-forming bacteria, K. pneumoniae (Fig. 6) and E. coli (Fig. 7)
Summary
Nanoparticles are a small object that have size ranging from 1-100 nm (nm=10-9 m)(1). Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are applied vastly today in medicine, health care, and environmental field. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles is the ability to destroy wide spectrum of pathogens and multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially biofilm forming pathogens [2]. Many methods are used in the synthesis of nanoparticles such as physical, chemical and biological or green synthesis methods. The safer one is the green synthesis, especially plant synthesis method because it's applied on non-toxic materials in addition to being, eco-environmental friendly, less costly and they utilize renewable materials. Different plants are used in silver nanoparticles synthesis such as Pedalium murex [3], Mimusops elengi [4], date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) [5] and others. The Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera) (Fig. 1) is a tropical and subtropical tree, the cultivation of this plant is famous in the country of Mesopotamia (Iraq) and begins in Babylon 4000 years ago BC [6]
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