Bioenergy Research Articles

Smallholder Farmers’ Perception of Land Conflict: A Case Study of Mara Chiefdom, Bombali District, Sierra Leone

This research aimed to assess the perceptions of smallholder farmers in Mara chiefdom, Bombali District, regarding land conflicts. It focused on investigating types, causes, impacts, and strategies for mitigating these conflicts. Quantitative and qualitative study was used, with 80 household head farmers from four communities and four (4) focus group Discussions. Data was collected through primary methods, including questionnaires and focus group discussions. Results from the research revealed that the prevailing types of land conflicts are family, individual, and land use conflict. Factors responsible for these conflicts are the weak nature of national and local policies, the increase in population, and gender biases in terms of allocation of land and settling of land disputes. Conflicts impact humans, the environment, and society, and dialogue has effectively addressed these conflicts. The study suggests the government should collaborate with landowners, raise land policy awareness, engage farmers, cattle rearers, Sun Bird Bio Energy Company, formerly Addax, and establish a local control mechanism. It also recommends community consent for land custodians to avoid misuse. Future research should involve a large-scale study for more reliable findings.

Effect of Cynobacteria in Fuel Formation and Enhance Its Activity of Effect by Adding Specific Nanoparticle

Bio energy formation by cynobacteria and enhance its formation by adding some specific nanopartical

The Reciprocity between the values of balance and Bio Energy to achieve happiness in the design of the printed surfaces of hanging fabrics

The Reciprocity between the values of balance and Bio Energy to achieve happiness in the design of the printed surfaces of hanging fabrics

Integrating Blockchain as a Service (BaaS) for BioEnerNet in the Internet of Things (IoT) landscape

The BioEnerNet project aims to revolutionize the bio energy sector by integrating blockchain technology through a Blockchain as a Service (BaaS) model. This paper explores the potential of implementing a BaaS framework in BioEnerNet to create a sustainable bio energy network. By leveraging blockchain technology, BioEnerNet can enhance transparency, security, and efficiency in energy transactions, paving the way for a more sustainable and decentralized bio energy ecosystem. This abstract sets the stage for a detailed examination of the BioEnerNet - BaaS framework and its implications for the future of bio energy networks.

Poultry Residual Biomass as Substrate to Generate Bioelectricity using a dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell “MFC” with Graphite and Copper Electrodes

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are electrochemical systems through which sustainable energy can be produced due to the degradation of organic matter using substrates with a varied chemical composition. The bioprocess that takes place inside the MFC takes advantage of the oxidation of organic matter. This process releases protons and electrons extracellularly, and the latter are transferred from the anode to the cathode generating bioelectricity. The MFC operating system produces energy due to the bacterial metabolism, through an electron transfer phenomenon that reflects into a bio energy conversion with minimal impacts on the environment. With the MFC system, it is possible to investigate the use of new residual substrates for energy production, the types of native microbial communities that develop during the degradation of specific compounds and the design of more efficient cells. In this research, copper and graphite were evaluated as low-cost electrodes using batch microbial fuel cells for 208 hours of operation, a data logger was used, and physicochemical parameters were taken during this period. The maximum power density presented was 14 mW/m2 with the graphite electrode and 6.7 mW/m2 with the copper electrode. Electrogenic bacteria were identified through biochemical and molecular tests such as bacterial culture, strain purification, DNA extraction and sequencing of microorganisms. The bacteria were uploaded to the NCBI gene data bank and the identity of these strains was identified: avian graphite 1 “Av_A1” (Pseudomonas aureginosa), avian graphite 2 “Av_A2” (Bacillus cereus) and avian copper 1 “AV_C1” (Bacillus tropicus). A dual chamber MFC was assembled, so each microbial cell can contain the residual substrate and the corresponding electron acceptor, both for the anodic and cathodic cell. These cells were separated by a Nafion® or Ultrex® membrane cation exchange membrane. The results showed us that optimal conditions for the generation of bioelectricity can be established in MFC cells, adding information to the literature on the behavior of bacteria that thrive in stressful environments such as copper and simple materials such as the graphite.

Allometric Aboveground Biomass Models for Northern Delhi Ridge Forest

Bio energy obtained through forest biomass is a promising renewable energy option that provides a more environmentally sustainable alternative to fossil resources by reducing the net flux of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. India, a developing nation is also in the process of building forest biomass models to study the potential of forests in short and long - term carbon mitigation. Earlier, traditional and destructive sampling were the popular methods for the aforesaid purpose. Recently, non - destructive methods have been adopted applying different allometric equations mostly developed outside India. Thus, there was a need to develop non- destructive allometric aboveground (AGB) models complementing the Indian climate. Also, there was a scarcity of domestic/local AGB models for arid, semi- arid, northern tropical thorn forest of India. The objectives of this study were to develop site-specific and mixed- species allometric models to predict AGB, at the Northern Delhi Ridge Forest (NDRF) using nonlinear mathematical functions. The model has a wide scope and can be applied to adjoining areas as well having similar climatic conditions. Three allometric combinations were tried to fit the aboveground biomass data obtained from the ridge forest. A three- parametric Richard’s model (with predictor variable x=D2H) was best fitted to AGB (R2adj= 0.9463) values for larger trees. Meanwhile, for juvenile plants, a three- parametric Richard function was best fitted (R2adj= 0.9733) when (x = DH) was used as a predictor variable. Cross- validation of model parameters exhibited statistical stability.

A Review on Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases by Agronomic Practices towards Sustainable Agriculture

Agriculture is one among the sources of greenhouse gas emission in the World. Agriculture, being a prominent source of economic sectors in developing countries its impact on environmental climate changes both directly and indirectly through emission of greenhouse gases. To achieve reduced GHGs emissions in agriculture sector, there is a need to adopt climate smart activities and improved food and nutritional security to ensure a climate-smart sustainable agriculture. This short article explores the key ways to mitigate green house gases emissions in agriculture and critically highlights the potential for bacterial nitrogen fixation in soybean which is a recent approach. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation shows a great potential for GHGs mitigation while supporting the agriculture simultaneously. Other agronomic practices include tillage, residue management, rice field management, climate smart agriculture, organic farming and bio energy etc. This will help the farmers and other stakeholders to bring an environmentally friendly agriculture towards more ecological farming approach for future sustainability.

Mantra and Homa Therapy

The anxiety, depression, and stress, along with diabetes, obesity, lack of vital power, and many other threats to human health, are the issues which humans have to face in 21st century due to modern bad lifestyles. Many medicines and scientific experiments to find the solution in new ways through pharma industries are being sought. The present manuscript not only deals the scientific aspects on these all afore said issues, but also scientifically analyzes the experiments of energy levels and Chakra energy of subjects, which were measured through pre and post of this Indian ritual. The visualizations have been measured through Kirlian energy aura meter, which quantifies the complex bio energy, energy disbalances, and Chakra energy of the individual. It is also a blend of science and spirtuality, and establishes strongly the fact that in the future, all global, physical, mental, and social problems will have a single solution; and that is Yajna and Mantra propounded by Indian Rishis.

Experimental analysis of Briquetted cashew shell and tamarind seed as source of bio energy generation

Sustainable development implies development brought to the present society without giving up on the scope of needs that future generation requires. For achieving sustainable development various goals were been fixed and indicators are been used to measure up the progress. Energy utilization is one of the important aspects for development of a country, technology etc. The energy utilized has mostly been fossil based such as coal, oil etc. These sources have been used in electric generation in most countries and crude oil refined petrol and diesel have been used for transporting purpose. The usage of the fossil-based fuels which has more carbon content in them possess the threat of polluting the environment by causing emission into the atmosphere, Moreover the availability of reserves of these sources are also become thin as these are non-renewable source of energy. For overcoming these obstacles, the developed countries are being focussing on renewable sources of energy for managing the energy demand and to have eco-friendly environment. The advancements in the field of bioenergy have contributed energy generation from different sources through various techniques. One of the important aspects about the bioenergy generation is utilizing the waste, end products of the biomass to energy. Various wastages from agro to food industries are not managed as it degrades on its own. However, these organic wastages can be viewed as a source for energy generation. The objective the experiment is analyse tamarind seed, cashew seeds and blend of both in powder form and briquetted for energy generation. The experimental result indicates that the briquetted form of is more suitable in terms of properties with higher fixed carbon contents.

Evaluating the role of renewable energy investment resources and green finance on the economic performance: Evidence from OECD economies

Recently, economic performance is considered as the global requirement because of the environmental uncertainty and energy resources issues that gained the attention of recent literature and governments or policymakers. Therefore, the primary goal of the present study is to examine the impact of renewable energy investment as well as the investment in different resources of renewable energy such as geothermal, solar, bio energy, hydropower and wind power project and green finance on the economic performance of organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) economics. The authors have taken the secondary data from 2001 to 2019 that are extracted from the international renewable energy agency (IRENA), global green finance index (GGFI) and world development indicators (WDI). The current article has used the generalized methods of moment (GMM) and fixed-effect (FEM) model to explore the nexus among the said variables. The results indicate that renewable energy investment resources and green finance have significant and positive effect on the economic performance of selected economics. This study provides help to the future researchers while exploring this area and also guides the policy makers regarding making the policies for the economic performance and renewable energy resources investment.

Which clean energy contributes better for growth? – dynamic panel analysis of heterogeneous impacts of individual renewable sources on economic growth

The impact of renewable energy on economic growth has been controversial and the possible reason for this is that renewable energy is aggregation of sources with heterogeneous characteristics and different countries have different portfolio of renewable sources depending on their climate condition and technology maturity. This study examines the relationship between renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and bio energy and economic growth in 89 countries. For methodology, this paper adopted Islam's growth equation and performed Dynamic Panel Analysis based on Arellano-Bond GMM methodology. In addition to whole sample analysis, a sub-group analysis is performed between OECD and non-OECD countries, and between energy-importing and energy-exporting countries to examine how the relationship is affected by country's capital accumulation, technology maturity, energy cost, and energy security. The result shows that individual sources have the U-shaped relationships with growth, but the turning points where negative relationship changes to positive vary for different sources. For sub-group analysis, the U-shaped relationship was significant only in OECD countries and energy-importing countries. This shows that high technology development and capital accumulation of OECD countries and high energy cost and vulnerability to international energy market of energy-importing countries makes renewable sources more beneficial to economic growth.

Agricultural Crop Residue Based Biomass in India: Potential Assessment, Methodology and Key Issues

Concerns of climate change, depletion of fossil fuels and energy crisis have motivated the world to explore the alternative sources of energy. Renewable sources such as biomass, solar, wind and small hydro are the best alternatives to meet the increasing energy demand. In the present paper, bio energy potential of 12 agricultural crops cultivated in India has been estimated based on gross crop residue (GCR), surplus crop residue (SCR) and crop residue ratio (CRR). Crop statistics and model of GCR and SCR reveal that India produces 1043.24 million tonnes gross crop residue annually, out of which reasonable amount is consumed as cattle feeding, animal bedding, organic fertilizer, fuel for heating and cooking. Additionally, 356.7 MT biomass is available as surplus crop residue on annual basis that can directly be used for power production. The potential assessment of available surplus crop residue has been estimated as 53,767 MWe per year. Different biomass gasifier technologies are studied and compared based on ash melting temperature, fuel specifications, maximum fuel moisture content, gas lower heating value, and admissible power production. Various key issues (technical, economical, social and environmental) have also been discussed to cover the use of crop residue biomass for power generation.

Technoeconomic Analysis of Negative Emissions Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage through Pyrolysis and Bioenergy District Heating Infrastructure.

Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has been identified as a cost-effective negative emission technology that will be necessary to limit global warming to 1.5 °C targets. However, the study of BECCS deployment has mainly focused on large-scale, centralized facilities and geologic sequestration. In this study, we perform technoeconomic analysis of BECCS through pyrolysis technology within a district heating system using locally grown switchgrass. The analysis is based on a unique case study of an existing switchgrass-fueled district heating system in the rural southeastern United States and combines empirical daily energy data with a retrospective analysis of add-on pyrolysis technology with biochar storage. We show that at current heating oil and switchgrass prices, pyrolysis-bioenergy (PyBE) and pyrolysis BECCS (PyBECCS) can each reach economic parity with a fossil fuel-based system when the prices of carbon is $116/Mg CO2-eq and $51/Mg CO2-eq, respectively. In addition, each can reach parity with a direct combustion bioenergy (BE) system when the prices of carbon is $264/Mg CO2-eq and $212/Mg CO2-eq, respectively. However, PyBECCS cannot reach economic parity with BE without revenue from carbon sequestration, while PyBE can, and in some cases, PyBECCS could counterintuitively require more reliance on fossil fuels than both the PyBE case and BE.

Dry spa as a factor of rural destination development

If we look at the energy as something that is all around us, then it is clear that energy as such can be used even for the purpose of tourism. Sofia's springs is the dry spa which is located in the national park and the fields with the strongest positive radiation in the world are the phenomenon. Whether this is a placebo effect or a real effect of bio energy circles, this location has the potential to attract "health tourists" from all over the world. The research took the whole 7 years, during which we analyzed motives and views of 687 foreign visitors of these springs who came to the springs by bicycles from 6 European countries. The analysis showed that the visitors believe that the dry spa helps them in solving health problems, including Covid-19, which invites medical science to examine it in detail and confirm or reject it. Anyways, that represents a backbone of health tourism development and can directly influence the rural destination development.

Combustion of wood pellets with a high amount of fines

A comprehensive study of the efficiency of the 1.5 MW Arimax Bio Energy hot water boiler operating on wood pellets with a high amount of fines has been carried out. Fuel characteristics and its compliance with the quality requirements of Russian and European standards have been investigated. The components of the heat balance and emission of harmful substances have been determined. Thermovision study of the boiler was carried out. The comprehensive study showed that the boiler provides sufficiently high technical and economic performance and minimal emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. However, the high amount of fines in the pellets significantly increases the emissions of particulate matter and especially black carbon into the environment.

Chemistry and Sustainable Development

One cannot ignore the part that chemistry plays in sustainable development because of how enormous this contribution is. The role chemistry towards this end comprises but not limited to: • Boosting eco-friendly green chemical manufacturing and use; • Limiting the use of non-renewable resources and utilizing renewable resources; • Limiting the use of hazardous materials; • Devising and making available eco-friendly and economical techniques for employment invarious industries. One could define sustainable development as an undertaking that influences development to occur across all areas to seek new chemicals and new ways to create these chemicals in order to serve the larger purpose of developing and maintaining a sustainable society and environment. According to the former Director-General of UNESCO, green chemistry is imperative in order to fix the damage caused by climate change, to eliminate poverty, and to improve health. Since chemistry is such a huge and ever-growing subject of study that covers entire molecular structures, it is obvious that such a subject would play a massive role in sustainable development. Sustainable chemistry or green chemistry is something that is being embraced and promoted by a number of countries and it is something that is proving to be a significant part of a host of research initiatives, networks, etc. Sustainable development is conservation and management of resources in environment friendly manner. Bio plastics, bio fuels, bio energy, green catalysts, green solvents, green and renewable products all are environmentally benign products, contribute toward the sustainable future of society. Few environment friendly tools are discussed in the present paper.

Energy integration of solar assisted Multiple Stage Evaporator and optimum parameter selection

To reduce the conventional energy utilization in the pulp and paper mill, exploitation of renewable energy may provide a significant energy saving mostly in energy intensive subunits such as Multiple Stage Evaporator (MSE). MSE is used to concentrate the weak black liquor, a reach source of bio energy. Hence, this work explores the performance analysis of MSE with various proposed Energy Reduction Schemes (ERSs): Thermo-Vapor Compressor, Steam Split, Feed Split, Feed Preheater, and Flash Tanks. This analysis has been intended to develop the steady-state nonlinear energy models for proposed ERSs integrated MSE that translated it into a single objective unconstraint nonlinear optimization problem. Further, different optimization approaches (nonlinear programing and metaheuristics) have been employed to search the optimum process parameters and hence, maximize the energy efficiency. Moreover, to utilize the waste heat of condensate, feed, and product, flash tanks have been integrated with MSE which further improves the energy efficiency by 3.9% and 83% than that of base case model. Finally, the LFR solar field has been integrated to reduce the load of conventional energy utilization and ensures the self-sustainability of the paper mill by supplying the required amount of heat (3,399 kW) for the proposed hybrid MSE configuration.

Short and long-run causal effects of agriculture, forestry, and other land use on greenhouse gas emissions: evidence from China using VECM approach.

Climate change caused by different anthropogenic activities is a subject of attention globally. There is a concern on how to maintain a clean environment and at the same time achieve optimal use of land. To this end, this study examines the causal effects of land use including agricultural, forestry, and other land categories on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The data for China is collected over the period 1990 to 2012 for the empirical examination. By employing vector error correction model (VECM), it is found that there is significant long-run causality among variables. However, in the short run expectedly, only land under agriculture has strong causality with the GHG emissions. The results in case of variance decomposition analysis highlight that land under agriculture and other use significantly causes the GHG emissions in the long run. Further, impulse responses of variables are also measured with the Cholesky one standard deviation. The results are robust and support the argument that different land uses cause GHG emissions in China. The study provides insights for policy makers to improve the activities occurring on agricultural and other land uses. Assessment of overall potential, including bio energy, needs to include analysis of trade-offs and feedbacks with land-use competition. Many positive linkages with sustainable development and with adaptation exist but are case and site specific as they depend on scale, scope, and pace of implementation.

Effect of Bio Energy Power Exercise on VO2max and Heart Rate

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bio energy power exercise on vo2max and heart rate, this study used a quantitative approach, the type of quasi-experimental research, the subjects are taken in this study were male students who took futsal extracurricular activities aged 10-12 years, to find out Vo2max using the 1600 meter run test and to determine the heart rate score using the Harvard test, data analysis is in the form of descriptive analysis and simple regression. The results showed that the use of bio energy power training did not provide a significant change in VO2max and did not provide a significant increase in the heart rate score with the length of the study for 5 meetings, but there was an increase in the VO2max value in the first week to the last week which means that the increase was not significant, and there was a gradual increase in the heart rate score starting from exercise in the first week to the last week, which means an increase although not significant.

Effectiveness of Bio-Energy Power to Improving VO2Max Futsal Players

Bio energy power (BEP) is an practice method that combines breathing and exercise to improve the quality of body cells for optimal body performance. Futsal is an aerobic game that requires oxygen in the formation of energy. Increased VO2Max will help the performance of futsal players. The purpose of this study to test the effectiveness of the BEP to the increase in VO2max futsal players beginners. This research is an experimental quantitative research. The study population was a beginner futsal players aged 10-12. The research sample used 30 futsal players. Signification test using paired t-test. The results of the research significance test showed that the t-count value was 14.807> t-table 1.699 (df = 29). It can be concluded that the BEP effectively improve endurance capacity (VO2max) futsal players beginners.