Bioenergy Research Center Research Articles

Very fine roots differ among switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars and differentially affect soil pores and carbon processes

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising feedstock for biofuel production, with diverse cultivars representing several ecotypes adapted to different environmental conditions within the contiguous USA. Multiple field studies have demonstrated that monoculture switchgrass cultivation leads to slow to negligible soil carbon (C) gains, an outcome unexpected for such a deep-rooted perennial. We hypothesize that different switchgrass cultivars have disparate impacts on soil C gains, and one of the reasons is variations in physical characteristics of their roots, where roots directly and indirectly influence formation of soil pores. We tested this hypothesis at Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center's research site in Michigan using two lowland cultivars (Alamo and Kanlow) and four upland cultivars (Southlow, Cave-in-Rock, Blackwell, and Trailblazer). Three types of soil samples were collected: 20 cm diameter (Ø) intact cores used for root analyses; 5 cm Ø intact cores subjected to X-ray computed tomography scanning used for pore characterization; and disturbed soil samples used for microbial biomass C (MBC) and soil C measurements. Path analysis was used to explore interactive relationships among roots, soil pores, and their impact on MBC, and ultimately, on soil C contents across six cultivars. The abundance of very fine roots (<200 μm Ø) was positively associated with fractions of pores in the same size range, but negatively with distances to pores and particulate organic matter. Higher abundance of such roots also led to greater MBC, while greater volumes of medium pores (50–200 μm Ø) and shorter distances to pores increased MBC. Results suggest that the greater proportion of very fine roots is a trait that can potentially stimulate soil C gains, with pore characteristics serving as links for the relationship between such roots and C gains. However, at present, ten years of cultivation generated no differences in soil C among the studied cultivars.

Bacterial isolate collection from switchgrass rhizosphere.

We provide a collection of 78 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) at the Lux Arbor Reserve in Delton, MI, a site of the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Michigan State University, MI, USA. We include information on isolation conditions and full-length 16S rRNA sequences.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 74 • Number of submissions sent for review: 45 • Number of submissions accepted: 42 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 56.8 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2.0238095238095237 • Total number of reviewers involved: 6 • Contact person for queries: Name: Ganjar Saefurahman Email: ganjars@apps.ipb.ac.id Affiliation: Bogor Agricultural University - Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center

Preface

The International Conference on Biomass and Bioenergy (ICBB) 2023 was successfully held as a hybrid conference by the Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC)-IPB University, Indonesia in collaboration with the International Society of Biomass and Bioenergy (ISBB); Villanova University, USA; and Hiroshima University, Japan. ICBB 2023 was sponsored by the Oil Palm Plantation Fund Management Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPDP Sawit) and the Indonesia Biofuel Producer Association (APROBI). The conference was also supported by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia, IPB University, and Indonesian Association of Bioenergy Scientist and Technologist (IKABI). ICBB 2023 with the theme of Global Advancement in Biomass and Bioenergy Research and Development to Achieve Sustainable Energy Transition and Bioeconomy was the 8th international scientific conference on biomass and bioenergy hosted in Indonesia. This annual conference is conducted to discuss current global advancement in biomass and bioenergy fields. The ICBB 2023 was held as the first ICBB hybrid conference on August 7-8, 2023. ICBB 2023 was organized by SBRC-IPB University and hosted at IPB International Convention Center, Bogor, Indonesia and online by Zoom Video Conference. To maintain the continuity of the annual conference for scientists and students to disseminate and publish their research, as well as to facilitate the attendance of more international participants, the ICBB 2023 operation was improved as a hybrid conference. ICBB 2023 main program consisted of a keynote and plenary sessions with seven speakers and four thematic parallel sessions. Seven prominent scientists in biomass and bioenergy sciences from 6 different countries successfully delivered their lectures, i.e., Prof. Dr. Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap (University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia), Dr. Dadan Kusdiana (The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia), Prof. Dr. Justinus Satrio (Villanova University, USA), Prof. Dr. Yukihiro Matsumura (Hiroshima University, Japan), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Edy Hartulistiyoso (IPB University, Indonesia), Prof. Dr. Navid Moheimani (Murdoch University, Australia), Prof. Dr. David Herak (Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech), and 63 parallel presentations were successfully organized. ICBB 2023 thematically discussed four key topics as follows: 1. Bioenergy and Biomass Utilization, 2. AI/IT Technologies in Biomass/Bioenergy/Agriculture, 3. Environment, Economics, Policy, Management/Business related to Biomass or Bioenergy, 4. Bio-chemicals The paper committee received 85 submissions and finally accepted 42 full papers of over 63 presentations which were delivered in the conference and published in this ICBB 2023 proceedings after the peer reviewing process. Authors of ICBB 2023 proceedings were from 5 countries (Indonesia, Japan, USA, the Netherlands, and the Philippines). There were more than 189 participants who attended online ICBB 2023 from 9 countries (Japan, Czech Republic, Malaysia, USA, Philippines, the Netherlands, Australia, Poland, and Indonesia). The differences in time zones and the quality of the host and participants’ internet networks posed a challenge to the operation of this hybrid conference. However, the technical quality and delivery success of the conference were very good. Acknowledgments and appreciations to the Rector and Vice Rector of IPB University for their support to the conference, to the reviewers and editorial board members, committee members, and event partners who worked hard to make the conference and the publication of this proceedings successful. The conference committee acknowledged the support and sponsorship from the Oil Palm Plantation Fund Management Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPDP Sawit) and the Indonesia Biofuel Producer Association (APROBI). The paper committee did their best to complete manuscripts reviewing by following the scientific standards in the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. However, there might be some shortcomings found in this proceedings. Therefore, suggestions from readers are greatly appreciated, so that the quality of the ICBB conference proceedings will continuously be improved in the future. We hope this ICBB 2023 proceedings will improve knowledge and provide benefits to academics, scientists, industrial stakeholders, and policy makers, especially in the field of biomass and bioenergy. Thank you for your kind attention. The list of Committees of the International Conference on Biomass and Bioenergy 2023 Steering Committee and Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

Genome-sequenced bacterial collection from sorghum aerial root mucilage.

A collection of 47 bacteria isolated from the mucilage of aerial roots of energy sorghum is available at the Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA. We enriched bacteria with putative plant-beneficial phenotypes and included information on phenotypic diversity, taxonomy, and whole genome sequences.

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The International Conference on Biomass and Bioenergy (ICBB) 2021 was successfully conducted as a fully online conference by the Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC)-IPB University, Indonesia in cooperation with the International Society of Biomass and Bioenergy (ISBB); College of Engineering, Villanova University, USA; and Biomass Project Research Center, Hiroshima University, Japan. ICBB 2021 was sponsored by The Palm Oil Fund Management Agency (BPDP Sawit) and IPB University. ICBB 2021 with the theme of Challenges in Biomass, Bioenergy, and Biomaterials Research and Development in a Rapidly Changing World was the sixth international scientific conference on biomass and bioenergy hosted in Indonesia. This conference is conducted annually to raise current global issues in biomass and bioenergy fields.Due to COVID-19 related real conference and travel restrictions, ICBB 2021 was held as an online conference on 9-10 August 2021 by Zoom Video Conference platform. ICBB 2021 was organized by SBRC-IPB University and hosted from IPB International Convention Center, Bogor, Indonesia. To maintain the continuity of the annual conference and the intention of scientists to disseminate and publish their research, as well as the uncertainty of the end time for COVID-19, the ICBB 2021 associates and stakeholders decided to hold a virtual conference and not postpone the conference.The list of Committees of the International Conference of Biomass and Bioenergy 2020, Steering Committee, Organizing Committee, ICBB 2021 was proudly and logos are available in the pdf

Soil Origin and Plant Genotype Modulate Switchgrass Aboveground Productivity and Root Microbiome Assembly.

ABSTRACTSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a model perennial grass for bioenergy production that can be productive in agricultural lands that are not suitable for food production. There is growing interest in whether its associated microbiome may be adaptive in low- or no-input cultivation systems. However, the relative impact of plant genotype and soil factors on plant microbiome and biomass are a challenge to decouple. To address this, a common garden greenhouse experiment was carried out using six common switchgrass genotypes, which were each grown in four different marginal soils collected from long-term bioenergy research sites in Michigan and Wisconsin. We characterized the fungal and bacterial root communities with high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the ITS and 16S rDNA markers, and collected phenological plant traits during plant growth, as well as soil chemical traits. At harvest, we measured the total plant aerial dry biomass. Significant differences in richness and Shannon diversity across soils but not between plant genotypes were found. Generalized linear models showed an interaction between soil and genotype for fungal richness but not for bacterial richness. Community structure was also strongly shaped by soil origin and soil origin × plant genotype interactions. Overall, plant genotype effects were significant but low. Random Forest models indicate that important factors impacting switchgrass biomass included NO3−, Ca2+, PO43−, and microbial biodiversity. We identified 54 fungal and 52 bacterial predictors of plant aerial biomass, which included several operational taxonomic units belonging to Glomeraceae and Rhizobiaceae, fungal and bacterial lineages that are involved in provisioning nutrients to plants.

Frontiers and Opportunities in Bioenergy Crop Microbiome Research Networks

Researchers from across the four United States Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs) engaged in a microbiome workshop that focused on identifying challenges and collaboration opportunities to better understand bioenergy-relevant plant–microbe interactions. The virtual workshop included hands-on educational sessions and a keynote address on current best practices in microbiome science and community microbiome standards, as well as breakout sessions aimed at identifying microbiome-related data and measurements that should be prioritized, opportunities for and barriers to integrating plant metabolites to microbiome research, and strategies for more effectively integrating microbiome data and processes into existing models. Based on participant discussion, key findings of the workshop were the need to prioritize scaling data sharing across BRCs and the broader research community and securing collaborative infrastructure in the areas of microbiome-ecosystem modeling and molecular plant–microbe interactions. This workshop review highlights additional main findings from this event, to encourage cross-site and more holistic metaanalyses while promoting wide scientific community engagement across plant microbiome sciences.

“Nipahol”: A Locally Formulated Sanitizer/Disinfectant from Nipa Bioethanol for Possible Use Against Covid-19

“Nipahol” is high-grade bioethanol produced from nipa sap using the proprietary fermentation and distillation technologies developed by a group of researchers at the Mariano Marcos State University-National Bioenergy Research and Innovation Center (MMSU-NBERIC). To ensure the quality and efficacy of the formulated product, the present study was set to explore the antibacterial potential of the locally formulated nipa disinfectant/antiseptic as an alternative alcohol formulation for possible use during the COVID-19 pandemic using standard microbiological assays. Susceptibility test revealed that at least 70% nipa alcohol formulations showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (6.25 mm and 4.25 mm zone of inhibitions). The 95% nipa alcohol concentration showed a bactericidal effect against Escherichia coli and S. aureus. High percent (%) bacterial cell reduction (90-99.9% log reduction) was observed when alcohol concentration and time increases. A confirmatory antimicrobial susceptibility test conducted by Philippine Department of Science and Technology, Microbiology Division reported that 95% nipa alcohol showed active inhibitory effect to test organisms while partial active observed in 70% nipa alcohol formulation. Glo-Germ Test revealed nipa disinfectant/antiseptic is as effective as commercial alcohol, thus, it can be utilized as an alternative intervention to prevent the spread of infectious microorganisms. The effectiveness of nipa disinfectant/antiseptic formulations is heightened with proper handwashing, strictly following proper hygiene, and health protocols. In conclusion, the formulated nipahol possesses the antibacterial potential to inhibit the multiplication of E. coli and S. aureus.

Preface

The International Conference of Biomass and Bioenergy (ICBB) 2020 was successfully conducted as a fully online conference by the Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC)-IPB University, Indonesia in cooperation with the International Society of Biomass and Bioenergy (ISBB); College of Engineering, Villanova University, USA; and Biomass Project Research Center, Hiroshima University, Japan. ICBB 2020 was sponsored by The Indonesian Oil Palm Plantation Fund Management Agency (BPDP Sawit) and IPB University. ICBB 2020 with the theme of Advanced Technology and Digital Innovations in Biomass, Bioenergy and Agriculture was the fifth international scientific conference on biomass and bioenergy hosted in Indonesia. This conference is conducted annually to raise current global issues in biomass and bioenergy fields.Due to COVID-19 related real conference and travel restrictions, ICBB 2020 online conference was held on 10-11 August 2020 by Zoom Webinar and Video Conference technology platform. ICBB 2020 was organized by SBRC-IPB University and hosted from IPB International Convention Center, Bogor, Indonesia. To maintain the continuity of the annual conference and the intention of scientists to disseminate and publish their research, as well as the uncertainty of the end time for COVID-19, the ICBB 2020 stakeholders and associates decided to hold a virtual conference and not postpone the conference.List of Committees of the International Conference of Biomass and Bioenergy 2020 are available in this pdf.

Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams.

Invited for this month's cover is the research team from the D.O.E. Great Lake Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The cover image shows how a diverse team with expertise in many different fields works together in an integrated fashion to address complex problems. Only when the whole system, from field to the liquid fuels and co-products, is assessed, can we identify the key parameters needed to design an economically viable biorefinery-based economy. Cover art by Chelsea Mamott. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201903345.

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The International Conference of Biomass and Bioenergy 2019 was successfully conducted by Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC), IPB University in cooperation with International Society of Biomass and Bioenergy (ISBB); Niigata University of International and Information Studies; Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia; Korea Institute of Energy Research, South Korea; College of Engineering, Villanova University, USA; Biomass Project Research Center, Hiroshima University, Japan; and was supported by The Indonesian Oil Palm Estate Fund (BPDP Sawit), PT. Bogor Life Science and Technology IPB, PT. Adev Natural Indonesia, Indonesian Biofuel Producers Association (APROBI), and IPB University, on 19-20 August 2019 in Bogor, Indonesia. This conference with the theme of Biomass and Bioenergy, A Pathway for Sustainable Development Goals was the fourth international scientific conference on biomass and bioenergy in Indonesia. This conference is conducted annually to raise current global issues in biomass and bioenergy fields.The committee accepted 45 of over 54 papers which were presented in the conference and the selected papers are published in this ICBB 2019 proceedings. These papers were classified into the following groups:1. Production Technology of Bioenergy,2. Biomaterial and Biochemical,3. Feedstock, Business, Environment.List of Reviewers of International Conference of Biomass and Bioenergy 2019 are available in this pdf.

Optimization and Performance Test of Oil Spill Dispersant at Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil with Heavy Oil by Bioslurry Technique

Petroleum industry activities produce waste such as petroleum hydrocarbons which damage to the soil environment due to changes in soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Oil Spill Dispersant (OSD) is a product that can break down waste of oil into small parts so that it can be dispersed naturally. Laboratory experiments aimed to find out optimize and performance test of OSD in the process of bioremediation with using bio-slurry technique on contaminated soil with heavy oil was carried out at Laboratory of Surfactant and Bio-energy Research Center (SBRC), Research and Community Service Institute of Bogor Agricultural University on January - August 2018 using contaminated soil with heavy oil. The experiment used Response Surface Method (RSM) with two factors, namely the incubation time factor (X1) and the Dispersant to oil ratio (DOR) (X2). The observed variables were soil Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), pH, total microbes, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at soil solution. The results showed that the treatment of incubation time and its combination with DOR significantly reduced soil TPH, increased soil acidity, and increased soil total B. megaterium, but did not significantly affect on COD in soil solutions. Optimization of OSD with RSM showed that the higher DOR of OSD and the longer the incubation time, the higher also the rate of biodegradation of TPH. The optimum conditions were reached at DOR of 1.16:1 and incubation time of 7 days which were able to degrade soil TPH of 54.30%. The optimum conditions of soil pH (8.825) was reached at DOR of 1:1 and incubation time of 5 days, as well as the optimum conditions of B. megaterium (8.35 log CFU g-1) was reached at DOR of 0.86:1 and incubation time of 7 days. Oil spill dispersant (OSD) increased COD in soil solution in both uncontaminated and contaminated soils with heavy oil.

Performance of three delignifying pretreatments on hardwoods: hydrolysis yields, comprehensive mass balances, and lignin properties

BackgroundIn this work, three pretreatments under investigation at the DOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs) were subjected to a side-by-side comparison to assess their performance on model bioenergy hardwoods (a eucalyptus and a hybrid poplar). These include co-solvent-enhanced lignocellulosic fractionation (CELF), pretreatment with an ionic liquid using potentially biomass-derived components (cholinium lysinate or [Ch][Lys]), and two-stage Cu-catalyzed alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (Cu-AHP). For each of the feedstocks, the pretreatments were assessed for their impact on lignin and xylan solubilization and enzymatic hydrolysis yields as a function of enzyme loading. Lignins recovered from the pretreatments were characterized for polysaccharide content, molar mass distributions, β-aryl ether content, and response to depolymerization by thioacidolysis.ResultsAll three pretreatments resulted in significant solubilization of lignin and xylan, with the CELF pretreatment solubilizing the majority of both biopolymer categories. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields were shown to exhibit a strong, positive correlation with the lignin solubilized for the low enzyme loadings. The pretreatment-derived solubles in the [Ch][Lys]-pretreated biomass were presumed to contribute to inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis in the eucalyptus as a substantial fraction of the pretreatment liquor was carried forward into hydrolysis for this pretreatment. The pretreatment-solubilized lignins exhibited significant differences in polysaccharide content, molar mass distributions, aromatic monomer yield by thioacidolysis, and β-aryl ether content. Key trends include a substantially higher polysaccharide content in the lignins recovered from the [Ch][Lys] pretreatment and high β-aryl ether contents and aromatic monomer yields from the Cu-AHP pretreatment. For all lignins, the 13C NMR-determined β-aryl ether content was shown to be correlated with the monomer yield with a second-order functionality.ConclusionsOverall, it was demonstrated that the three pretreatments highlighted in this study demonstrated uniquely different functionalities in reducing biomass recalcitrance and achieving higher enzymatic hydrolysis yields for the hybrid poplar while yielding a lignin-rich stream that may be suitable for valorization. Furthermore, modification of lignin during pretreatment, particularly cleavage of β-aryl ether bonds, is shown to be detrimental to subsequent depolymerization.

Bacterial Glutathione S‐Transferases (GSTs) Involved in Breaking the β‐Aryl Ether Bond of Lignin Reveal Novel Catalytic Abilities and Reaction Mechanisms within the GST Superfamily

The glutathione S‐transferase (GST) protein superfamily contains thousands of known or predicted members, all of which contain an N‐terminal thioredoxin domain that binds a glutathione (GSH) molecule and activates it for catalysis. GSTs are important in many organisms for conjugating GSH to toxic molecules, making them more soluble and easier to excrete from cells. However, GSTs are also capable of catalyzing a wide and continually expanding range of other reactions using GSH as cofactor.Sphingomonad bacteria are capable of metabolizing low molecular weight oligomers and monomers derived from lignin, a heterogeneous polymer of aromatic subunits that is a major component of plant biomass. These bacteria and their enzymes have potential applications in converting naturally abundant lignin into valuable commodities. Sphingomonads use GSTs (called β‐etherases and GSH lyases) to catalyze two consecutive steps in their pathway for breaking the β‐aryl ether bond commonly found between aromatic subunits in the lignin polymer: β‐etherases stereospecifically break the β‐aryl ether bond by replacing it with a thioether bond involving GSH, and GSH lyases remove the GSH moiety from the resulting β‐thioether GSH conjugate.We have identified a heterodimeric β‐etherase (called BaeAB) that provides insight into the diversity of GSTs capable of acting as β‐etherases and into the evolution of the GST ability to break the β‐aryl ether bond. In addition, BaeAB has properties that are unique amongst characterized GSTs in general, including the majority of its catalytic activity apparently residing in only one of its subunits, and using an active site asparagine for catalysis (whereas most characterized GSTs use an amino acid residue with a side chain hydroxyl for catalysis).We have also identified a GSH lyase (called NaGSTNu), which has close homologues in many different organisms, though the physiological roles of these homologues are largely unknown in other organisms besides sphingomonads. We found that the two homologues from Escherichia coli were able to catalyze the GSH lyase reaction in the pathway for breaking the β‐aryl ether bond, despite the fact that E. coli is not known to be able to metabolize lignin‐derived oligomers. This suggests that GSH lyase activity may be a common feature of these homologues (and that they likely act on GSH‐conjugated compounds naturally found within their respective organisms). In addition, the reaction mechanism of NaGSTNu involves binding two GSH molecules (whereas most characterized GSTs can only bind one GSH), as well as amino acid residues located in a channel leading from the active site to the protein exterior.Altogether, besides helping to identify novel GSTs that could potentially be used to generate value from lignin, our work is helping to uncover unique features of the large and widely studied, but relatively uncharacterized, GST superfamily.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center grants (DOE Office of Science BER DE‐FC02‐07ER64494 and DE‐SC0018409).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Advanced Biofuels of the Future: Atom-Economical or Energy-Economical?

Professor Maravelias obtained his Diploma in Chemical Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, an MSc from the London School of Economics (London, UK), and a PhD from Carnegie Mellon University. He joined the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2004, where he is currently the Paul A. Elfers and Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor. His research interests lie in the general area of process systems engineering and optimization. Specifically, he is studying production planning and scheduling, supply chain optimization, and chemical process synthesis with emphasis on renewable energy technologies. Download : Download high-res image (209KB) Download : Download full-size image Peyman Fasahati obtained his BSc and MSc from Sharif University of Technology in Iran, and a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Pukyong National University in 2015 in South Korea. He worked on process design, technoeconomic, and life cycle analysis of biofuels and biochemicals production from seaweed biomass. He was a postdoctoral associate at Michigan State University and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) from 2016 to 2017. Currently, he is a postdoctoral associate at University of Wisconsin-Madison and GLBRC working on process synthesis and analysis of biomass-to-biofuel processes. Download : Download high-res image (261KB) Download : Download full-size image

2nd International Conference on Biomass: Toward Sustainable Biomass Utilization for Industrial and Energy Applications

PrefaceThe 2nd International Conference on Biomass (ICB 2) 2017 was successfully conducted by Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC) LPPM Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) in cooperation with Indonesian Bioenergy Expert Association (IKABI), Indonesian Biogas Association (AbgI), Bandung Institute of Technology, University of Lampung, University of Indonesia, Sriwidjaya University, Universiti Sains Malaysia, University of Villanova, University of Hiroshima and was supported by The Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education Republic of Indonesia and Indonesia Estate-Crop Fund for Palm Oil on 24-25 July 2017 in Bogor, Indonesia. This conference with the theme of Toward Sustainable Biomass Utilization for Industrial and Energy Application was the second scientific conference on biomass in Indonesia. This biomass-themed conference will be conducted annually to raise current global issues in biomass.Conference photo is available in this pdf.

Kinerja Oil Spill Dispersant Dalam Proses Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Minyak Bumi (Studi Kasus Tanah Tercemar Minyak Bumi Lapangan XYZ)

Oil spill dispersant (OSD) is a surfactant product that serves as dispersant. OSD has been widely used and proven to be effective in oil spills both in the sea and in the land. The OSD-SBRC (Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center) IPB was produced from palm oil, while the commercial product of OSD S200 was made from LAS (Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate) based from petroleum. Application of OSD in bioremediation testing occurred on petroleum contaminated soil from the field with initial total petroleum hydrocarbon of 6-10%. The treatment of dispersant to oil ratio (DOR) was at 0.5:1 and 1:1. The contaminated soil was added with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fertilizers (Urea and SP36) to support bacterial growth. The environmental soil conditions during the bioremediation process were observed as pH, moisture content, and temperature. The OSD performance in bioremediation process was measured as TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) and TPC (Total Plate Count). The results showed that pH, moisture content and temperature levels were at optimum condition for bacterial growth to optimally degrade the hydrocarbon. The result of TPC value showed that treatment with the addition of OSD S200 caused inhibition of microbial growth P. aeruginosa bacteria. The TPH measurements showed that treatment with OSD SBRC with DOR (0.5:1) was able to degrade hydrocarbons up to 89.62%. The bioremediation process using OSD-SBRC was better than OSD S200.Keywords: bioremediation, hydrocarbon, OSD, surfactant­

International Conference on Biomass: Technology, Application, and Sustainable Development

PrefaceThe International Conference on Biomass (ICB) 2016 could be conducted by Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC) IPB in cooperation with Indonesian Biofuel Expert Association (IKABI), Lampung University, Villanova University, and Indonesian Biogas Association (AbgI) on 10–11 October 2016 in Bogor, Indonesia. This conference with the theme of Sharing Knowledge and Experience on Biomass: Technology, Application and Sustainable Development was the first scientific conference on biomass Indonesia. It was expected that biomass-themed conference can be conducted annually by raising current issues in biomass.The committee accepted 55 of 86 papers which were presented in the conference and published in this ICB proceeding. These papers were divided into the following groups:1. Technology,2. Application, and3. Environment.Appreciations were given to Rector and Vice Rectors of IPB for their support to the conference, reviewers, supporters, and committee members who had worked dedicatedly to make the conference and the publication of this proceeding successful. Supports from Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Estate Crop Fund-Palm Oil (BPDPKS), PT Indocement Heidelberg Cement Group and Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia were acknowledged. We tried our best to do paper editing by following the writing format used in ICB 2016. However, there might be some shortcoming editing is found in this proceeding. Therefore, inputs from readers and writers are expected so that editing can be done better in the future.We hope this ICB 2016 proceeding brings benefits to all of us. Thank you for your attention and cooperation.Bogor, April 2017Organizing TeamReviewer of ICB 20161. Prof. Basuki Wirjosentono2. Dr. Dwi Setyaningsih3. Prof. Dr. Erliza Hambali4. Dr. Farah Fahma5. Dr. Ika Amalia Kartika6. Dr. Jupikely James Silip7. Prof. Dr. Misri Gozan8. Dr. Obie Farobie9. Prof. Pudji Permadi10. Dr. Taufik Djatna11. Dr. Titi Candra Sunarti12. Prof. Dr. Udin Hasanudin13. Dr. Uju14. Dr. Yohanes Aris Purwanto15. Dr. Yandra Arkeman16. Zuchra Helwani, PhD