Abstract
Petroleum industry activities produce waste such as petroleum hydrocarbons which damage to the soil environment due to changes in soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Oil Spill Dispersant (OSD) is a product that can break down waste of oil into small parts so that it can be dispersed naturally. Laboratory experiments aimed to find out optimize and performance test of OSD in the process of bioremediation with using bio-slurry technique on contaminated soil with heavy oil was carried out at Laboratory of Surfactant and Bio-energy Research Center (SBRC), Research and Community Service Institute of Bogor Agricultural University on January - August 2018 using contaminated soil with heavy oil. The experiment used Response Surface Method (RSM) with two factors, namely the incubation time factor (X1) and the Dispersant to oil ratio (DOR) (X2). The observed variables were soil Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), pH, total microbes, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at soil solution. The results showed that the treatment of incubation time and its combination with DOR significantly reduced soil TPH, increased soil acidity, and increased soil total B. megaterium, but did not significantly affect on COD in soil solutions. Optimization of OSD with RSM showed that the higher DOR of OSD and the longer the incubation time, the higher also the rate of biodegradation of TPH. The optimum conditions were reached at DOR of 1.16:1 and incubation time of 7 days which were able to degrade soil TPH of 54.30%. The optimum conditions of soil pH (8.825) was reached at DOR of 1:1 and incubation time of 5 days, as well as the optimum conditions of B. megaterium (8.35 log CFU g-1) was reached at DOR of 0.86:1 and incubation time of 7 days. Oil spill dispersant (OSD) increased COD in soil solution in both uncontaminated and contaminated soils with heavy oil.
Highlights
Oil industry activities such as exploration, exploitation, processing, and transportation have been increasing since the last decade
This study aimed to find out optimize and performance test of Oil spill dispersant (OSD) in the process of bioremediation with using bio-slurry technique on contaminated soil with heavy oil
The experiment used OSD produced by SBRCIPB with materials from anionic and nonionic surfactants derived from palm oil
Summary
Oil industry activities such as exploration, exploitation, processing, and transportation have been increasing since the last decade. This is in line with the increase of human need on petroleum as the main energy source in developing industry, transportation, and households. Data from Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia (2016) showed that oil consumption in Indonesia in 2015 reached 1.63 million barrels per day (bpd), which increased 15.9% in comparison to that in 2010. Oil contamination decreases the quality of soil, such as soil fertility, water holding capacity (WHC), permeability, as well as soil aggregate. This petroleum contamination causes contamination of ground and surface water (Chithra et al 2014)
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