Bioelectrical Impedance Method Research Articles

Assessment of gait in terms of body mass composition disorders among children aged 6-10 years

Study aim: Overweight and obesity are common not only among adults but also among the youngest children around the world. There are many negative consequences of excessive body weight affecting physical, psychological, and social health. Overweight and obesity can impair the musculoskeletal system and affect normal gait, especially in children who are developing their gait. The aim of the study was to analyze gait parameters in terms of body fat content and to compare the positioning of feet and knees during walking among children with normal and exceeded body fat content. Material and methods: The study covered 413 children aged 6-10, of both sexes. Body mass composition was analyzed using the bioelectrical impedance method. Based on these results, a study group (excess body fat) and a control group (normal body fat) were selected. Gait analysis was performed using the OptoGait optical system. Results were statistically analyzed using the Statistica program, employing the U Mann Whitney test and Spearman’s Rank correlation tests. Results: Among 232 children, body mass composition disorders were detected – excess body fat content and reduced total water content. The study group showed a body fat percentage of 34.70% (±3.64), while the control group had 19.36% (±3.13). Gait analysis showed that the percentage of body fat influences the gait parameters of the examined children. Conclusions: An increase in the percentage of adipose tissue in the children’s body results in a lower step length, cycle length, and speed. Higher body fat content also resulted in longer flat foot contact time and double support time.

Occurrence of Body Posture Abnormalities in Overweight and Obese Children Aged 5-6 Years-Pilot Study.

The study aimed to assess the occurrence of body posture disorders and their changes under the influence of a physioprophylactic program in children depending on body weight. In the examined children, the general and segmental body composition and body posture were determined using a physiotherapeutic assessment based on the Kasperczyk method. Mass, overall, and segmental body composition were determined using the bioelectrical impedance method using a TANITA body composition analyzer. The study group of 76 children was divided due to body weight disorders into Group I (n = 51), in which BMI and fat mass values were within the normative limits for age and gender, and Group II (n = 19), comprising children whose body weight exceeded the norm and/or fat mass exceeded normative values. The examined children underwent a physioprophylactic. The program was conducted by qualified physiotherapists for 12 weeks, once a week for 30 min. The therapeutic program was focused on physioprevention of being overweight and the correction of body posture. A distal distribution of fat mass was observed in the examined group. Asymmetry in the sagittal plane was found in 35% of children. No statistically significant differences were found in the presence of asymmetry in the sagittal plane between the groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the occurrence of posture irregularities between the groups. There were no changes in the weight and body posture of the examined children under the influence of the physiotherapy program. The lack of correlation in the examined group between body weight and posture irregularities in 5-6-year-olds may suggest the acquisition of posture defects as a consequence of the persistence of overweight or obesity.

Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship of Thyroid Volume and Function with Anthropometric Measurements, Body Composition Analysis Parameters, and the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Euthyroid People Aged 18-65.

Background and Objectives: The thyroid is a key endocrine gland for the regulation of metabolic processes. A body composition analysis (BCA) is a valuable complement to the assessment of body mass index, which is derived only from body weight and height. This cross-sectional retrospective study aimed to investigate the relationships between thyroid volume (TV) and thyroid function parameters, anthropometric measurements, BCA parameters, and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults without clinically overt thyroid disease. Material and Methods: This study involved 45 people (females: 57.8%; MetS: 28.9%) hospitalized for planned diagnostics without signs of acute illness or a deterioration of their health and without thyroid disease, who underwent thyroid ultrasound scans, biochemical tests to assess their thyroid function, MetS assessments, anthropometric measurements, and BCAs using the bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The TV was significantly larger in people with MetS compared to people without MetS. The TV was significantly higher and the serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration was significantly lower in overweight and obese people than in normal and underweight people. The free triiodothyronine (FT3) serum concentration and TV were correlated with waist circumference and some parameters of the BCA, and the FT3 concentration was also correlated with the body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio. No significant correlations were found between the FT4 and TSH and the results of the anthropometric and BCA measurements. Conclusions: Even in a population of euthyroid patients without clinically overt thyroid disease, there were some significant relationships between the volume and function of the thyroid gland and the results of their anthropometric parameters, BCAs, and the presence of MetS features.

Effect of Body Composition on Aerobic Capacity Level and Post-Workout Restitution during the Training Camp Preparing for the European Wrestling Cadet Men’s Championships

Background: The cognitive objective of the study was to determine the relationship between body composition and aerobic capacity levels at the beginning and end of the training camp and to demonstrate the relationship between body fat levels, free-fat mass levels, and total body water levels and the change in post-workout restitution during the training camp period in preparation for an international wrestling championship competition. Methods: Athletes of the Polish National Team in classical-style wrestling (n = 16) during a training camp before the European Cadet Men’s Championships. Aerobic capacity was analyzed using the Maximal Multistage 20 m Shuttle Run Test (Beep-Test). Post-workout restitution was calculated using the Klonowicz coefficient of restitution. Body composition was analyzed using the electrical bioimpedance method. Results: Significant associations were found between body composition and aerobic capacity and between body composition and post-workout restitution changes during the grouping period. Conclusions: It is necessary to regularly monitor the process of puberty, body composition, and co-occurring adaptive relationships during the period of direct preparation for championship competitions in wrestlers in the cadet age group.

Effects of 5-week detraining period on body composition of professional soccer players

Purpose. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of five weeks detraining period on body composition changes in elite professional Indonesian male soccer players. Material and methods. The body composition of 24 top-level male soccer players (age: 26.33 ± 4.06 years) competing in First League of Indonesia was measured before and after the 5-weeks detraining period. Body composition variables, including body mass, body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and total body water percentage, were measured using the bioelectrical impedance method. The results. The paired samples T-test showed significant changes in the means of body composition variables for body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and total body water percentage. Mean values for body fat percentage increased during the detraining period from 10.87 ± 2.47% to 11.98 ± 2.75% (10.3%). A decrease in mean values for fat-free mass (61.34 ± 5.74 kg to 59.80 ± 6.22; 2.49%) and total body water percentage (from 65.13 ± 1.84% to 64.40 ± 1.99%; 1.12%) was observed. No significant changes occurred in body mass (from 69.05 ± 8.07 kg to 69.05 ± 8.48 kg; 0.04%) from initial to final testing. Conclusions. Since there was a significant difference in body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and total body water percentage% before and after detraining period., it is suggested that 5 weeks of detraining period. for the professional soccer players may not be necessary, and the duration should be shortened to maintain body composition status.

Comparison of Some Physical Characteristics of Young Judoka and Wrestlers

Purpose: This research sought to assess and contrast the physical attributes of adolescent wrestlers and judo practitioners aged 13 to 16, aiming to identify key physical and motor skills that contribute to performance excellence in these sports. Method: A total of 30 athletes were randomly assigned to the wrestling (n=15) and judo (n=15) groups. These athletes train 4 to 6 days a week. In this study, body composition, horizontal jump test, hand grip strength, flamingo balance test, sit and reach test and shuttle run of combat athletes were evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted utilizing the SPSS 20.0 program. Findings: Based on the results, the average age of the participants was calculated to be (13.7±1.2) for judo and (14.8±1.7) for wrestling, with their respective sports ages being (5.3±1.3) for judo and (5.6±1.2) for wrestling, and their heights being (161.1±10.7) for judo and (169.4±9.4) for wrestling. Although a significant difference was noted in the lean body mass percentage, the results of the horizontal jump, hand grip strength tests, sit and reach test, flamingo balance test and shuttle run showed no significant variance. Conclusion: The lack of a significant difference in the outcomes observed between judo participants and wrestlers in this age category can be attributed to the similarity of these sports disciplines. The follow-up of the process will provide detailed information about the physical characteristics and performances of combative athletes and will provide scientific contribution to the training and development processes of athletes in this age group.

Cardiac output calculation using the Liljestrand and Zander formula: is this method applicable during immediate transition after birth? — A post hoc analysis

The transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life is a critical period for neonates. Assessing the cardiovascular transition during this period immediately after birth is crucial but challenging. The present study compares adjusted estimated cardiac output values calculated by the Liljestrand and Zander formula (COest/adj LaZ) with non-invasively measured cardiac output values (CO-bioimpedance) during immediate transition after birth. We performed a secondary outcome analysis of a prospective observational study in preterm and term neonates. Ten and 15 min after birth, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were assessed, and CO-bioimpedance was measured using electrical bioimpedance method (Aesculon monitor, Osypka, Germany). We calculated COest/adj LaZ and compared it to CO-bioimpedance. Further, we performed a correlation analysis. Thirty-two neonates with a median (IQR) gestational age of 37.0 (32.0–39.4) weeks were included. Mean ± SD CO-bioimpedance was 0.62 ± 0.15 l/min, and COest/adj LaZ was calculated to be 0.64 ± 0.10 l/min, whereby both correlated significantly (p = 0.025, r = 0.359) with each other. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates high comparability of COest/adj LaZ and CO-bioimpedance in neonates during immediate transition after birth, suggesting that cardiac output can be derived in a cost-effective and feasible manner if other methods are not available.What is Known:• Echocardiography is considered the gold standard for non-invasive CO evaluation, but its feasibility during the immediate transition period is limited.What is New:• Non-invasive methods such as CO-bioimpedance for cardiac output (CO) measurement and the Liljestrand and Zander (LaZ) formula for estimating CO offer promising alternatives during the immediate transition period.

Is the Bioimpedance Method Sufficient in Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment?

Aim: The purpose of this study was to test validity of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) analysis in the nutritional assessment among patients with receiving hemodialysis. Method: This study which was cross-sectional was conducted with 166 patients with hemodialysis at the hemodialysis units in two state hospital and a private hospital. The data were collected by means of patient information form, Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and Body Composition Analyzer. Descriptive, t test, Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, Wilcoxon, ROC analysis and logistic regresyon analysis were used in statistical analysis. Results: The average ages of patients were 51.57±13.01 (21-66) years. Of the patients, 53.6% were male. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.4±4.98 kg/m2 of whom (%54.8) were well-nourished. Male patients had higher albumin, muscule mass, and BMI than female patients and these values were statistical difference in according to gender. A significant difference was found to hemoglobin, albümin, iron binding, tanita fat ratio, fat mass, and BMI between the well-nourished and malnourished patients. The findings of logistic regretion analysis among MIS and BIA parameters shown that performance of BIA was statistical significantly. Conclusion: The results of study indicated that bioelectrical impedance analysis was shown to identify the most suitable BIA parameters for predicting presence of malnutrition. It could be suggested that BIA method may use for assess to nutritional status among patients receiving hemodialysis.

Relationship between indicators of physical development and indicators of anaerobic productivity of the body of women 25-35 years old

Purpose. To establish the relationship between body mass, body composition with indicators of anaerobic productivity of women aged 25-35.
 Materials and methods. 392 women aged 25-35 years participated in the study. The power of anaerobic alactate productivity was determined by the 10-second Wingate test. The power of anaerobic lactate productivity was determined by the 30-second Wingate test. The capacity of anaerobic lactate productivity was determined by the e maximum amount of external mechanical work per 1 minute. Body fat percentage, body muscle percentage, and visceral fat content were determined by the bioelectrical impedance method.
 The results. It was found that the correlation of body mass, body mass index and percentage of the muscle component of women aged 25-35 with performance in anaerobic tests is characterized as direct. The degree of correlation of indicators of physical development with absolute indicators of anaerobic productivity is higher than with relative indicators. Performance in anaerobic tests is most strongly correlated with body mass and body mass index. The degree of correlation of body mass, body mass index with tests characterizing the power of anaerobic alactate and lactate productivity of the body corresponds to "high". A "high" degree of correlation of the capacity of anaerobic lactate productivity of the body was established only with body mass.
 Conclusions. Among indicators of physical development, body mass and body mass index have the greatest influence on the anaerobic capabilities of the body of women aged 25-35, who do not play sports. Higher values of body mass and body mass index are predictive of higher level of anaerobic productivity. The high degree of correlation with body mass and body mass index is due to the specifics of the cycle ergometeric tests. Running anaerobic tests will not give a direct correlation of a high degree, because they are related to the movement of body weight along the distance. The percentage content of fat and muscle components, the level of visceral fat cannot be predictors of the level of anaerobic productivity of the body in women who do not do sports.

Does excess body weight accelerate immune aging?

BackgroundOverweight and obesity in older adults increase the risk of a range of comorbidities by sustaining chronic inflammation and thus enhancing immunosenescence. This study aimed to assess whether excess body mass affected disproportion in T lymphocytes. Therefore, the study was designed to explain whether excess body mass in older individuals affected the disproportion in numbers of T lymphocytes and whether anthropometric indices and immune risk profile expressed as CD4/CD8 ratio are diagnostically useful in the analysis of immunosenescence. Materials & methodsOne hundred three individuals aged 73.6 ± 3.1 years were allocated to the normal body mass (body mass index (BMI) 18.5–24.9 kg/m2,n = 39), the pre-obesity (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, n = 44) or the obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, n = 20) group, based on WHO recommendations. Details on the subjects' medical history and lifestyle were obtained by health questionnaire. Anthropometric analysis was performed by bioelectrical impedance method, biochemical analysis was made by the automatic analyzer and ELISA immunoassays, and T and B lymphocyte counts were determined by eight-parameter flow cytometry. Additionally, visceral adiposity index, body adiposity index (BAI), and body shape index (ABSI) were evaluated based on body circumference, BMI and lipid-lipoprotein profile measurements. ResultsThe highest percentage of CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes (59.4 ± 12.6 %) and the lowest CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes (31.6 ± 10.0 %) were noted in patients the obesity group. The highest cut-off value of 1.9 for CD4/CD8 ratio was recorded in the normal body mass vs pre-obesity model. CD4/CD8 ratio > 2.5 was recorded in >20 % of our pre-obesity and obesity groups while 64.5 % of the normal body mass group had CD4/CD8 ratio < 1. High diagnostic usefulness was demonstrated for both BAI and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (AUC values of ~0.800 and ~ 0.900 respectively) in three models: normal body mass vs pre-obesity, normal body mass vs obesity, and pre-obesity vs obesity. ConclusionThe odds ratios (OR) for CD4/CD8 ratio in the normal body mass vs obesity model (OR = 16.1, 95%CI 3.8–93.6) indicated a potential diagnostic value of T lymphocytes for clinical prognosis of immune aging in relation to excess body weight in older adults. High values of AUC obtained for the following models: CD4/CD8 + BAI (AUC = 0.927), CD4/CD8 + LAP (AUC = 1.00), CD4/CD8 + ABSI (AUC = 0.865) proved to provide excellent discrimination between older adults with obesity and with normal body mass.

Optimal cut-off values of visceral fat area for predicting metabolic syndrome among patients with ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional study.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among patients with ischemic stroke is relatively high. The visceral fat area (VFA) is a predictor of MetS. This study aimed to estimate sex-specific optimal cut-off values of VFA and MetS risk factors among patients with ischemic stroke. A cross-sectional study including 851 patients with ischemic stroke was conducted between March 2019 and January 2020 in a tertiary hospital in the northeast of China. VFA was measured using the dual bioelectrical impedance method. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate MetS risk factors, and the VFA cut-off value was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The overall prevalence of MetS was 43.4%. After adjusting for potential confounders, female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.86, p < 0.001), the presence of visceral obesity according to VFA (OR = 7.45, p < 0.001), being overweight (OR = 2.75, p < 0.001) or obesity (OR = 6.00, p < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of MetS. The correlation between VFA and MetS in patients with ischemic stroke was strongest with cut-off values of 104.3 cm2 (sensitivity 73.0%, specificity 83.1%) for men, and 94.1 cm2 (sensitivity 70.9%, specificity 72.9%) for women. MetS affected approximately a half of patients with ischemic stroke. Female sex, visceral obesity, and body mass index were independent risk factors for the development of MetS. Sex-specific reference values for VFA are proposed for the prediction of incident MetS in patients with ischemic stroke.

Study of the influence of GLP-1 receptor agonists on the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with type 2 DM

The aim: to investigate the peculiarities of the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes under the influence of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy. Materials and methods: 21 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in the study, the average age was 57.2±8.53 years (M±SD), the HbA1c level was 8.29±0.88 % (M±SD). Patients were prescribed raGLP-1 at the maximum tolerated dose for 6 months. Before and after the course of treatment, indicators of body composition were determined by the bioelectrical impedance method (TANITA BC-545N analyzer, Japan), characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism and the lipid spectrum of blood serum, as well as the concentration of GLP-1, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) by the immunoenzymatic method, of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) by the method of chromatographic research. Results. After 6 months of therapy with liraglutide against the background of a statistically significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels (p&lt;0.05), a decrease in body mass index and waist circumference (p&lt;0.05), a decrease in the content of visceral (p&lt;0.05 ) and total fat (p&lt;0.05) in patients with type 2 diabetes, there was a decrease in the concentration of TMAO in blood serum (p&lt;0.05) and an increase in the concentration of SCFA: acetic, propionic (p&lt;0.05) in the coprofiltrate and a tendency to increase in the level of butyric acids. Data analysis also established an increase in the concentration of endogenous GLP-1 in the blood (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions. The detected changes in microbial metabolites may indicate a positive effect of raGLP-1 on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic activity in patients with T2DM, which in turn contributes to the improvement of endogenous secretion of incretins

Effect of Pre-Transplantation Nutritional Status on the Early Related Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation:a Cohort Study

Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective method for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Malnutrition is a common complication and has a negative impact on poor prognosis. It has been proved that blood biochemical indexes such as muscle mass ratio albumin etc. can reflect earlier the nutritional status of patients, but the influence of muscle mass pre-transplantation on the early transplantation related complications remains unclear. Objective To investigate the effect of pre-transplantation skeletal muscle mass (SMM) on the early outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to provide clinical evidence for nutritional intervention and prognosis improvement. Method A cohort study was conducted in 77 patients with leukemia who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the Hematology Medical Center of Chongqing Xinqiao Hospital from January to October 2022 were selected. The skeletal muscle quality was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance method. According to the skeletal muscle mass, the patients were divided into normal skeletal muscle mass group(36) and low skeletal muscle mass group(41). The baseline data of the patients were collected, including personal information and clinical data. SPSS23.0 software was used to compare the differences in oral mucositis, digestive tract symptoms, infection and hematopoietic reconstitution time between the two groups. Result Before transplantation, the SMM of patients was poor, which was not up to the normal value in 53.25%.The incidence of oral mucitis in normal SMM group was 41.67%, significantly lower than that in low SMM group 92.68%( χ2=23.255, P&amp;lt;0.001).The severity of oral mucositis was significantly different (Z=6.461, P&amp;lt;0.001) between the normal SMM group and the low SMM group. The incidence of hypoalbuminemia in normal SMM group was 16.67%, significantly lower than that in low SMM group 46.34%( χ2=7.699， P&amp;lt;0.001).The incidence of overt gastrointestinal bleeding and infection in normal SMM group were significantly lower than those in low SMM group ( c ２=4.208， P=0.040； c ２=4.727， P=0.030). the neutrophils and platelets grafting time in the normal SMM group was significantly shorter than that in the low SMM group ( Z=2.943， P=0.003； Z=2.756， P=0.006). There was no significant difference in the incidence of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, stomachache/ abdominal pain between the two groups. Conclusion The incidence of low skeletal muscle mass is high in patients before transplantation, and low skeletal muscle mass is associated with the onset of oral mucositis, the severity of oral mucositis, hypoalbuminemia,gastrointestinal bleeding ,infectionand the delay of neutrophil and platelet implantation time in patients at the early stage of transplantation. Patients should actively improve skeletal muscle mass before transplantation to improve the early outcome of transplantation.

Relationship of body mass index to percent body fat determined by deuterium isotopic dilution and impedancemetry among Tunisian schoolchildren.

This study aims to evaluate the relation of body mass index (BMI) to fat mass among children by two techniques impedancemetry and deuterium oxide dilution (D2O). This study was carried out in 156 schoolchildren aged between 8 and 11 years. The children received interrogation specifying lifestyle and food habits. Body composition was determined using the impedancemetry and D2O technique. The results showed a difference between the percentage of obese and overweight children according to BMIZ classification (30.1%), bioelectrical impedance method (14.7%) and D2O technique (42.9%). Despite the difference between the last two classifications, we found a significant correlation between body fat percentages determined by impedancemetry and D2O technique (r = 0.695, p<0.01). Bioelectrical impedance analysis underestimated %BF by 78.02% in overall children, by 70.05% in boys and by 84.73% in girls compared to D2O technique. This study has demonstrated that the percentage of overweight and obesity varied according the methods used. Further development of body composition methods is needed in children for the real determination of the obesity prevalence and therefore a better monitoring of this public health problem.

Impact of wartime stress factors on the metabolic status of the civilian population

Materials and methods. As part of the longitudinal study, 29 civilians were examined; all of them remained in their place of residence during the war, were not directly in the combat areas and did not receive physical damage. Body composition was determined by the method of bioelectrical impedance using Composition Monitor BF511, Omron, including body fat percentage (FAT, %), skeletal muscle percentage (MUS, %), visceral fat level (VIS, %). Hematological and biochemical investigations were conducted according to the standard methods. The enzyme immunoassay with appropriate sets of reagents was used to determine serum levels of insulin, C­reactive protein, sirtuin­1 (SIRT1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF­α), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The saliva cortisol levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay as well. Molecular genetic studies included determination of the relative length of telomeres of blood leukocytes. Results. The mean age of the examined subjects was 53.05 ± 12.06 years, women made up 55.2 % (n = 16). The average time between the prewar visit and the wartime visit was 12.1 ± 2.4 months. When assessing the anthropometric status of the increase in the body mass index, waist circumference and hips: (26.82 ± 3.58 vs 29.67 ± 3.92 kg/m2, p = 0.0184; 84.93 ± 15.58 vs 100.03 ± 12.57 cm, p = 0.0021; 98.57 ± 6.69 vs 106.75 ± 6.73 cm, p = 0.0004), respectively. The most significant changes occurred in the VIS indicator (8.77 ± 3.44 vs 12.88 ± 4.57, p = 0.0003). The significant changes of other parameters were not observed during the study. Correlation analysis of stress indicators (cortisol, DHEA and their ratio) with clinical anthropometric and metabolic indicators, demonstrated their probable association with body composition (cortisol/DHEA &amp; MUS, cortisol/DHEA &amp; FAT), lipid metabolism disorder (cortisol/DHEA &amp; total cholesterol, cortisol/DHEA &amp; low­density lipoprotein cholesterol) and the number of leukocytes (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions. Among the civilian population, persons who remained in their place of residence during the war showed negative changes in anthropometric status compared to the pre­war period. The impact of a psychotraumatic factor on the anthropometric status, body composition and lipid metabolism in persons who did not change their place of residence during the war is confirmed by the highly probable relationship of the stress indicator (cortisol/DHEA ratio) with the corresponding indicators. Among the civilian population, in persons who did not change their place of residence during the war, no reliable changes in the parameters related to aging (telomeres, SIRT1) compared to the pre­war period were demonstrated.

Low muscle strength and physical function contribute to falls in hemodialysis patients, but not muscle mass.

Patients on hemodialysis (HD) have a higher incidence of fractures than the general population. Sarcopenia is frequently observed in patients on HD; however, the association of falls with sarcopenia and its diagnostic factors, including muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function, are incompletely understood. This prospective cohort study was conducted at a single center. Sarcopenia was assessed according to the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia diagnostic criteria. Muscle mass was measured the bioelectrical impedance method. Grip strength was evaluated to assess muscle strength, while the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to assess physical function. Falls and their detailed information were surveyed every other week. This study analyzed 65 HD patients (median age, 74.5 [67.5-80.0] years; 33 women [49.2%]). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 36 (55.4%) patients. During the 1-year observation period, 31 (47.7%) patients experienced accidental falls. The falls group had lower median grip strength than the non-falls group (14.7 [11.4-21.8] kg vs. 22.2 [17.9-27.6] kg; p < 0.001). The median SPPB score was also lower in the falls versus non-falls group (7.0 [5.0-11.0] vs. 11.0 [8.0-12.0]; p = 0.009). In adjusted multiple regression analysis, diagnostic factors, including grip strength (B = 0.96, p = 0.04, R2 = 0.19) and SPPB (B = 1.11, p = 0.006, R2 = 0.23), but not muscle mass, were independently associated with fall frequency. The frequency of falls in HD patients was related to muscle strength and physical function, but not muscle mass.

Comparison of Central Fat Accumulation Indices with Body Mass Index in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathic disorder commonly affecting women in the reproductive age group, predisposing them to risk of metabolic syndrome. Currently, body mass index (BMI) is used as a marker to assess obesity. However, it is the central obesity which is a prevalent characteristic of PCOS which goes undetected in many women who exhibit an apparently lean PCOS. Recently, indices, such as body fat percentage (BFP), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP), have been deemed more effective, as they present formulas, anthropometric indices and biochemical measures. The aim of this study was to compare the other central fat accumulation indices-VAI, LAP and BFP with BMI in women with PCOS. The descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital which included 110 women, aged 18-40year fulfilling the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Height, weight and lipid profile were measured, and BMI, LAP and VAI were calculated. Body fat percentage was measured by the body fat analyser using the bioelectrical impedance method. All indices were then compared. BMI showed a significant positive correlation with BFP (r = 0.68). VAI and LAP showed significant correlation with each other (p < 0.05). LAP and VAI were found to weakly correlate with BFP. However, lean PCOS also had higher values of visceral adiposity indices and hence did not show strong correlation. Central fat accumulation indices should be integral in assessing body fat distribution. BFP, VAI and LAP assess fat distribution and function both and, hence, present complete information at low cost.

Associations between handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank.

To explore the associations between handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Data were obtained from the UK Biobank. Baseline survey was conducted between 2006 and 2010, and followed up for a median of 12.52 years. HGS was measured using dynamometer, and SMM was measured using bioelectrical impedance method. Mortality was available via links to the National Health Service Information Centre. Sex-specific analyses were conducted. A total of 13 392 T2DM participants were included, with a mean age of 60.39 years and 52.35% men. During the follow-up, there were 3006 (22.45%) deaths, including 746 (5.57%) CVD deaths. The risk for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality among both men and women increased progressively with decreasing HGS quartiles (p trend <.05). A 1 SD decrease in HGS was found to both increase the all-cause risk (HR: 1.31 [95% CI: 1.24-1.38]) and CVD mortality risk (HR: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.22-1.50]) for men, and all-cause risk (HR: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.11-1.42]) and CVD mortality risk (HR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.09-1.89]) for women. There was no statistically significant trend association between SMM/height2 and mortality risk, and the restricted cubic regression splines indicated that SMM/height2 showed a U-shaped nonlinear relationship (pnonlinear <.05). Grip strength displayed a linear downward trend with mortality risk among T2DM patients, whereas muscle mass showed a U-shaped relationship. Low grip strength seemed to be a better predictor for mortality compared to low muscle mass.

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index Level (ASMI) and Its Influencing Factors in Healthy Adult Males.

We aimed to retrospectively analyze the level of appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) in adult males and its influencing factors for early screening and intervention of sarcopenia. From January 2020 to December 2021, adult male medical examiners from the Health Management Center of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Chengdu City, China were selected as the research subjects. The ASMI level was measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method. The subjects were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of ASMI level, the levels of related indicators between the groups were compared, and the related factors affecting the ASMI level were analyzed. The detection rate of sarcopenia was about 1.09% (78/7187). One-way ANOVA or nonparametric test results showed that age, BMI, WHR, SBP, DBP, FPG, HbA1c, AST, ALT, GGT, Cr, UA, TG, TC, HDLC, LDL-C and FT3 levels were significantly different among the four ASMI groups (P<0.05). ASMI was positively correlated with BMI, WHR, SBP, DBP, FPG, HbA1c, AST, ALT, GGT, Cr, UA, TG, TC, LDL-C, FT3, and TSH (all P<0.05); negatively correlated with age and HDL-C (all P<0.05). Age, WHR and TG were independent risk factors for ASMI level, and BMI was an independent protective factor for ASMI level. The ASMI level in healthy adult males is related to age, obesity, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, inflammation and thyroid hormone, among which age, BMI, WHR and TG are independent influencing factors of ASMI level.

A low phase angle is a factor independently associated with falls in elderly diabetic patients

To examine the relationship between a low phase angle (PA) and falls in elderly diabetic patients. The subjects were diabetic patients ≥65 years old who were outpatients at Ise Red Cross Hospital. Patients were asked about their fall history using a self-administered questionnaire. The PA was measured by the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance method, and the subjects were classified into two groups: the first quartile with the smallest PA (T1 group) and the second and third quartiles (T2/3 groups). A logistic regression analysis with falls as the dependent variable, PA as the explanatory variable, and adjustment variables was used to calculate the odds ratio of the PA for falls. A total of 255 patients were included in the analysis of this study. Of these, 33.3% were in the T1 group, 66.7% were in the T2/3 group, and 28.2% had fallen. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for falls in the PA were 2.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-4.07; P=0.004) and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.07-5.09; P=0.031), respectively. A low PA was associated with falls in elderly diabetic patients.