Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method Research Articles

Accordıng To The Normal Weıght, Overweıght And Obese Comparıson Of Bıoelectrıc Impedance Analysıs Method Wıth The Other Methods

Women are faced with the problem of obesity because of over-nutrition, still life and birth weight. To Assess overweight and obesity are used with Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist/hip ratio and skinfold thickness measurement method and Bioelectrical impedance analysis method. The purpose of this study was to compare of the methods used to assess body composition in normal weight, overweight and obese in adults women. In this study participated adult women that the mean age of normal weight 25.70 ± 7.85 (N = 17), overweight 32.47 ± 8.22 (N = 36), obese 38.12 ± 8.95 (N = 40) and total N = 93. Subjects’ body composition were evaluated with Body mass index, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio and skinfold thickness measurements and measured using bioelectric impedance analysis. For statically analysis, One Way Anova and Tukey tests were performed. Significance level was accepted as 0.05 for all tests. According to the results of anthropometric measurements was found BMI, waist circumference, and bioelectrical impedance analysis method for all the groups differ (p <0.05), waist / hip ratio values were found to be different between normal weight and obese groups (p <0.05) that participated in the research. Body mass index and bioelectric impedance are important methods to detect of obesity, and the waist circumference be used together these methods to determine the abdominal obesity may be more useful.

EPS05.3 Ivacaftor and its effects on body composition in adults with G551D related cystic fibrosis

Background Ivacaftor, a potentiating agent has been shown to improve weight and BMI in patients with at least one copy of CFTR-G551D mutation. Effects on body composition are less well reported. Objectives To evaluate changes in body composition following ivacaftor therapy. Methods Twenty patients were included in a placebo-controlled crossover study of ivacaftor (28day treatment period), with 3 month open label extension. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was conducted to measure weight, fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and total body water (TBW). Results Weight significantly increased above baseline at 1 month and post 3 months of ivacaftor treatment. FFM, SMM and TBW significantly increased following 1 month. FM did not significantly increase with 1 month of ivacaftor treatment but increased significantly above baseline post 3 months. Endpoint1 month (Crossover Study)+ 3 month Follow-Up (Open Label)% D Weight, kg1.6 (0.7, 2.5) *** 3.9 (2.4, 5.3) *** % D FM, kg0.9 (−2.4, 4.2)13.3 (5.0, 21.6) ** % D FFM, kg1.9 (0.9, 2.8) *** 0.6 (−1.9, 3.2)% D SMM, kg2.4 (0.6, 4.2) ** 1.6 (0.04, 3.2) * % D TBW, L2.0 (0.8, 3.2) *** 1.7 (0.3, 3.1) * Values are mean (95% CI).*P Conclusion The significant increase in weight is comparable to other seminal papers. The increase in FFM and SMM in the first 28days reflects an increase in TBW. Increase in FM did not occur until after 1month of treatment. These changes impact on nutrition practice. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate body composition with ivacaftor treatment using the BIA method. Validation with DEXA is underway. This study was supported by Vertex Inc.

Which method to use for a fast assessment of body fat percentage?

Body position affects body water distribution and in turn the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), which may consequently distort conclusions about an individual’s body composition.We compared body fat percentage (BFP) obtained with leg-to-leg-BIA (LL) and hand-to-leg-BIA (HL) with the reference values.The BFPs of 97 individuals were determined with an LL- (Tanita TBF 215GS, Japan) and HL- (Akern, STA/BIA, Italy) BIA-analyser and with reference skinfold thickness (SF) measurements. Each subject was measured upright with the LL-analyser, and upright and supine with the HL-analyser, both before and after 20 min of supine rest. The one-way ANOVA for repeated measures (HL-BIA), Student’s t-test (LL-BIA), intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland–Altman’s plots were used for statistical analysis.BFPs determined with HL/LL BIA in upright/supine positions differ significantly. Compared to the SF method, HL-BIA mostly overestimates, while LL-BIA mostly underestimates BFP. Agreement between anthropometrically determined BFP and HL/LL-BIA determined BFP is better with HL for both sexes, and generally better in females than males.HL-BIA-determined estimates of BFP are more similar to reference values than LL-BIA. However, for both BIA methods, BIA-determined estimates of BFP are significantly affected by body position. Consequently, different BIA methods will classify approximately one fifth of subjects into the erroneous body-fat-content category, which calls for urgent standardization.

Predicting body composition using foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis in healthy Asian individuals

BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to develop a regression model for predicting fat-free mass (FFM) in a population of healthy Taiwanese individuals using standing foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and to test the model’s performance in predicting FFM with different body fat percentages (BF%).MethodsWe used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure the FFM of 554 healthy Asian subjects (age, 16–75 y; body mass index, 15.8–43.1 kg/m2). We also evaluated the validity of the developed multivariate model using a double cross-validation technique and assessed the accuracy of the model in an all-subjects sample and subgroup samples with different body fat levels.ResultsPredictors in the all-subjects multivariate model included height2/impedance, weight, year, and sex (FFM = 13.055 + 0.204 weight + 0.394 height2/Impedance – 0.136 age + 8.125 sex (sex: Female = 0, Male = 1), r2 = 0.92, standard error of the estimate = 3.17 kg). The correlation coefficients between predictive FFM by BIA (FFMBIA) and DXA-measured FFM (FFMDXA) in female subjects with a total-subjects BF%DXA of <20 %, 20 %–30 %, 30 %–40 % and >40 % were r = 0.87, 0.90, 0.91, 0.89, and 0.94, respectively, with bias ± 2SD of 0.0 ± 3.0 kg, −2.6 ± 1.7 kg, −1.5 ± 2.8 kg, 0.5 ± 2.7 kg, and 2.0 ± 2.9 kg, respectively. The correlation coefficients between FFMBIA and FFMDXA in male subjects with a total-subjects BF%DXA of <10 %, 10 %–20 %, 20 %–30 %, and >30 % were r = 0.89, 0.89, 0.90, 0.93, and 0.91, respectively, with bias ± 2SD of 0.0 ± 3.2 kg, −2.3 ± 2.5 kg, −0.5 ± 3.2 kg, 0.4 ± 3.1 kg, and 2.1 ± 3.2 kg, respectively.ConclusionsThe standing foot-to-foot BIA method developed in this study can accurately predict FFM in healthy Asian individuals with different levels of body fat.

Differences In Body Composition Analysis Between Underwater Weighing, Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry, And Two Bioelectrical Impedance Devices In Overweight Young Adults

PURPOSE: As the prevalence of obesity rises, as does the need for reliable body composition (BC) methods. Many methods of BC analysis exist, however accuracy is questioned with respect to which criterion method is referenced by the device. There is often debate within the scientific literature about which criterion method and BIA field measurement is applicable for the overweight population. Little research has been found comparing two debated criterion methods with field methods in overweight or obese individuals. The purpose of this study is to compare criterion methods, hydrostatic weighing (HW) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with two methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in overweight or obese young adults to determine the validity of these methods. METHODS: N=25 overweight and obese adults (BMI 29.04 ± 3.568kg/m2, 13 males, 12 females, ages 24.37 ± 4.924y) followed standardized pre-testing guidelines for BC assessment. Percent body fat (%BF) was estimated by Omron BIA, Impedimed BIA and compared to GE Lunar Prodigy DXA, and HW. %BF was estimated using generalized population specific equations. RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction determined there was a significant mean difference between BC methods. Pairwise comparisons indicated significant differences (p<0.05) between Omron BIA and Impedimed, Omron BIA and DXA, and between HW and DXA. Furthermore, %BF was significantly correlated between Omron BIA and HW (p<0.05, r=0.902) as well as between Impedimed BIA and DXA (p<0.05, r=0.709). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show criterion methods, HW and DXA were found to be statistically different from one another. Depending upon which criterion method is referenced, the appropriate field measurement Omron BIA or Impedimed BIA should be selected.

Visceral fat obesity is highly associated with primary gout in a metabolically obese but normal weighted population: a case control study.

IntroductionGout is a chronic inflammatory disease the development of which is associated with obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities. However, a substantial number of non-obese patients (body mass index [BMI] <25 kg/m2) also develop gout in Korea. It was suggested that accumulation of visceral fat rather than subcutaneous fat is associated with metabolic abnormalities and hyperuricemia in patients with gout; therefore, we hypothesized that visceral fat accumulation was increased in non-obese gout patients.MethodsOne hundred and three male patients with primary gout and 204 age-matched healthy controls who attended a health check-up examination were recruited after the review of medical charts. The visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method, and a VFA >100 cm2 was defined as visceral fat obesity (VFO). The frequency of VFO was compared in patients and control groups. The frequencies of metabolic syndrome and related parameters were also investigated.ResultsBMI, waist circumference, total fat mass, serum triglycerides, and serum glucose levels were significantly greater in patients compared with controls. VFA and the prevalence of VFO was increased in gout patients compared with controls. There were positive correlations between VFA and serum triglyceride levels and serum glucose levels. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that VFO is an independent risk factor for gout (odds ratio 2.488, 95% confidence interval 1.041–4.435). In non-obese subgroup analyses (gout patients, n = 38; healthy controls, n = 150), VFA (98.7 ± 19.3 vs. 91.0 ± 16.7, P = 0.016) and the frequency of VFO (47.4 vs. 27.3%, P = 0.017) remained significantly higher in gout patients. There was no difference in either BMI or total fat mass between patients and controls in the non-obese subgroup. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with gout was 31.7% (33/104), compared with 13.2% (5/38) in the non-obese subgroup according to modified ATP III criteria.ConclusionVFO, measured using BIA, is observed more frequently in patients with primary gout compared with healthy controls, even in non-obese individuals. Therefore, VFO might more properly represent metabolic derangements in patients with gout than general obesity.

Does Nutrition Knowledge and Practice of Athletes Translate to Enhanced Athletic Performance? Cross-Sectional Study Amongst Nigerian Undergraduate Athletes.

Introduction and Objectives:Nutrition knowledge of an athlete, as well as practice, is expected to influence athlete’s performance. The study assessed the nutrition knowledge and practice as well as athletes’ performance and identified the factors predicting the athletes’ performance.Methodology:A cross-sectional survey, involved 110 purposively selected undergraduate athletes (47 females, 63 males) of University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between July 2013 and December 2013. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire assessed the nutrition knowledge and practice. 24-hr diet recall and food frequency questionnaire were done. Anthropometric measurements were taken; body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Handgrip strength (HGS), as an indirect measure of athlete performance, was assessed with the hand dynamometer. Chi-square and t-test analysis were used for the bivariate analysis. Pearson correlation and simple linear regression were used to determine relationships and predict athletic performance. The level of statistical significance was p<0.05.Results:More than half (58.2%) had good nutrition knowledge (NK), and 62.7% had good nutrition practices (NP). Majority (75.4%) had normal handgrip strength (HGS). More than 70.0% frequently do not consume cereals, roots and tubers, fruits and vegetables, legumes/nuts. About 30.0-40.0% frequently do not consume eggs/milk, meat/fish. Having good NK was significantly associated with good NP (χ2 = 15.520, p=0.000), but not with athlete’s performance (HGS). There is no significant correlation between NK, NP, and HGS. There is a significant positive correlation between HGS and lean muscle mass (LMM) (r=.670, p=0.000), weight (r=.492, p=0.000), height (r=.521, p=0.000) and energy intake (r=.386, p=0.000). There is a significant negative correlation between HGS and percentage body fat (r=-.400, p=0.000). Athletes’ performance was significantly predicted by the resting metabolic rate (β= .454 C.I=0.011 to 0.045, p=0.003), Lean muscle mass (β =.297 C.I=.059 to 0.562, p=0.024) and the weight (β =.228, C.I=1.852 to .489, p=0.047).Conclusion:Having good nutrition knowledge or practice did not directly determine athletic performance. However, there is the need for nutrition education interventions, to improve athlete’s performance by promoting adequate energy intake, lean muscle mass and appropriate weight gain in athletes.

The effect of Norouz holiday on anthropometric measures and body composition

BackgroundThis study examined the effect of holiday season on the anthropometric measures in Shariati hospital staff.MethodsThis study was conducted in 2014 on 66 subjects, aged 21–68 years. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist -to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to- height ratio (WHtR) and physical activity were measured. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method and the Tanita body composition analyzer were used to analyze body composition.ResultsIn this study, 80.3% of subjects were female and 19.7% were male. The mean age of subjects was 39.5 (SD: 9.7) years (range: 21–68). The percentage of overweight and obesity in the study population were 40.9% and 12.1%, respectively. After the holiday, participants gained 0.58 kg of weight and 0.19 units of BMI) P < 0.001). The average of WC, WHR and WHtR also increased after the holiday; however they were not statistically significant. Basal metabolic rate and fat free mass raised significantly, but the amount of fat mass decreased after the holiday.ConclusionThe holiday season is a critical period for weight gain and body fat. It’s highly recommended to weight daily during the holiday season and to increase their physical activity while limiting high-calorie foods.

Systemic arteriosclerosis and eating behavior in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with visceral fat accumulation.

BackgroundVisceral fat accumulation is a major etiological factor in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. We described previously visceral fat accumulation and multiple cardiovascular risk factors in a considerable number of Japanese non-obese subjects (BMI <25 kg/m2). Here, we investigated differences in systemic arteriosclerosis, serum adiponectin concentration, and eating behavior in type 2 diabetic patients with and without visceral fat accumulation.MethodsThe study subjects were 75 Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus (age: 64.8 ± 11.5 years, mean ± SD). Visceral fat accumulation represented an estimated visceral fat area of 100 cm2 using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Subjects were divided into two groups; with (n = 53) and without (n = 22) visceral fat accumulation. Systemic arteriosclerosis was scored for four arteries by ultrasonography. Eating behavior was assessed based on The Guideline for Obesity questionnaire issued by the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity.ResultsThe visceral fat accumulation (+) group showed significantly higher systemic vascular scores and significantly lower serum adiponectin levels than the visceral fat accumulation (−) group. With respect to the eating behavior questionnaire items, (+) patients showed higher values for the total score and many of the major sub-scores than (−) patients.ConclusionsType 2 diabetic patients with visceral fat accumulation showed 1) progression of systemic arteriosclerosis, 2) low serum adiponectin levels, and 3) differences in eating behavior, compared to those without visceral fat accumulation. Taken together, the findings highlight the importance of evaluating visceral fat area in type 2 diabetic patients. Furthermore, those with visceral fat accumulation might need to undergo more intensive screening for systemic arteriosclerosis and consider modifying their eating behaviors.

日本人若年女性における体脂肪の増減の部位差

The purpose of this study was to clarify the part difference of change of body fat in Japanese young women. Subjects were 142 healthy female university students who were living in a dormitory. In particular, 21 subjects who showed the remarkable increased percentage of total body fat were grouped as the increase group. 24 subjects who showed the remarkable decreased percentage of total body fat were grouped as the decrease group. Body weight, total and regional body fat and muscle volume were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Each item was measured for two times in June and December.The difference of change in the percentage of body fat of a trunk showed the highest value in parts of the body. The difference of change in the percentage of body fat of an arm was higher than that of a leg.From these results, the part difference existed to a change of the body fat. It was suggested that the part in which body fat tends to increase is the part in which it tends to decreases.

The relationship between distribution of body fat mass and carotid artery intima-media thickness in Korean older adults.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the amount and distribution of body fat and the carotid intima-media thickness to explore whether coronary artery disease risk may be mediated through effects on the amount of fat mass in older adults. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 200 elderly females was participated. The percentage of body fat mass was measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method, and the carotid intima-media thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasound. Analysis of covariance was performed to assess independent associations between the four categories of percentage of body fat mass and the carotid intima-media thickness after multivariate adjustment. Logistic regression analyses were utilized to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for examining independent associations between percentage of body fat mass and the estimated risk of coronary artery disease. [Results] Analysis of covariance showed that the carotid intima-media thickness was significantly thick in both obesity and overweight groups. When multivariate-adjusted OR for the estimated risk of coronary artery disease, the odds ratios for the obesity and overweight groups were 3.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 8.7) and 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 6.1), respectively. [Conclusion] This study demonstrates that elderly females with a high body fat mass are more likely to have the estimated risk of CAD than who fit body fat mass in elderly female.

Body Mass Index, use of Statins or Current Lipidemic Control: Do they Affect Body Fat Distribution in Sedentary Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Introduction: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are a complementary threat around the globe. Deranged body fat distribution in T2DM needs serious attention, starting from its measurement up to guiding appropriate intervention. We tried to associate parameters of body fat distribution T2DM patients with body mass index (BMI), Lipidemic control and preventive pharmacotherapy using bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Materials and Methods: We recruited 78 sedentary (42 males, 36 females) T2DM subjects with known glycemic and Lipidemic lipidemic control. Whole body scan was done using BIA principle with Omron Karada Scan (China) to derive total body fat, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, ratio of subcutaneous fat to visceral fat and BMI. These parameters were compared among group based on BMI, lipidemic control and use of statin/angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for difference and statistical significance. Results: Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects had high mean age, high BMI and fair lipidemic control. All measures of body fat distribution derived by BIA were statistically significantly different among t groups separated by BMI cut-off 25. However, there was small, statistically insignificant difference of body fat parameters amongst groups based on control of high- density lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides except for subcutaneous fat. Those taking statins or ACE inhibitors did not have significantly better body fat distribution than those not taking it. Conclusion: Deranged body fat distribution in T2DM measured by BIA correlated with BMI. These parameters are improved neither by lipidemic control nor by preventive pharmacotherapy. This suggests the use of other interventions like weight reduction and optimum use of BIA for monitoring utilizing primary health care resources.

Developing bioelectrical impedance analysis methods for age-0 brook trout

Year class strength of many fishes often is determined by survival through the first winter. Increased fat reserves improve survival and overall cohort success. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods are established for estimating proximate composition of adult brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), but none have been developed for early life stages. Small-fish BIA would provide information about age-0 percent dry weight, a proxy for fat reserves, allowing for better prediction of cohort success. The objective of this study was to develop BIA methods that provide reliable estimates of percent dry weight for age-0 brook trout. BIA measurements were taken at seven anatomical locations from 48 to 115 mm fish. A model developed using BIA measures taken by subdermal needle electrodes precisely predicted percent dry weight (best model, RMSE = 1.03, R2 = 0.86). Although lacking support, as determined by information theoretical analysis, BIA measured with non-invasive external rod electrodes also precisely predicted percent dry weight (RMSE = 1.09, R2 = 0.85). Models developed using two electrode locations performed better than models developed with only one location. For small brook trout, a dorsal to ventral pre-dorsal fin electrode location should be used in conjunction with a dorsal total length location when measuring BIA to predict percent dry weight.

Comparison of Body Composition Assessment Methods in Pediatric Intestinal Failure

The aim of the study was to examine the agreement of multifrequency bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry with reference methods for body composition assessment in children with intestinal failure (IF). We conducted a prospective pilot study in children 14 years or younger with IF resulting from either short bowel syndrome or motility disorders. Bland-Altman analysis was used to examine the agreement between BIA and deuterium dilution in measuring total body water (TBW) and lean body mass (LBM), and between BIA and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) techniques in measuring LBM and fat mass (FM). FM and percent body fat (%BF) measurements by BIA and anthropometry were also compared in relation to those measured by deuterium dilution. Fifteen children with IF, median (interquartile range) age 7.2 (5.0, 10.0) years, and 10 (67%) boys, were studied. BIA and deuterium dilution were in good agreement with a mean bias (limits of agreement) of 0.9 (-3.2 to 5.0) for TBW (L) and 0.1 (-5.4 to 5.6) for LBM (kg) measurements. The mean bias (limits) for FM (kg) and %BF measurements were 0.4 (-3.8 to 4.6) kg and 1.7 (-16.9 to 20.3)%, respectively. The limits of agreement were within 1 standard deviation of the mean bias in 12 of 14 (86%) subjects for TBW and LBM, and in 11 of 14 (79%) for FM and %BF measurements. Mean bias (limits) for LBM (kg) and FM (kg) between BIA and DXA were 1.6 (-3.0 to 6.3) kg and -0.1 (-3.2 to 3.1) kg, respectively. Mean bias (limits) for FM (kg) and %BF between anthropometry and deuterium dilution were 0.2 (-4.2 to 4.6) and -0.2 (-19.5 to 19.1), respectively. The limits of agreement were within 1 standard deviation of the mean bias in 10 of 14 (71%) subjects. In children with IF, TBW and LBM measurements by multifrequency BIA method were in agreement with isotope dilution and DXA methods, with small mean bias and clinically acceptable limits of agreement. In comparison with deuterium dilution, BIA was comparable to anthropometry for FM and %BF assessments with small mean bias, but the limits of agreement were large. BIA is a reliable method for TBW and LBM assessments in population studies; however, its reliability in individual patients, especially for FM assessments, cannot be guaranteed.

Body Composition Analysis of Staff members of College Using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method

Aims: In this analysis of body composition such as body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, segmental subcutaneous fat & skeletal muscle percentage (whole body, trunk, legs and arms), resting metabolism, visceral fat level and body age is done by bioelectrical impedance technique and results are interpreted and corresponding instructions for better health improvement is given. Methods: Body composition analysis of teaching and non- teaching staff members of Brijlal Biyani Science College Amravati Maharashtra India using bioelectrical impedance analysis method is done. For ideal weight management and for a more accurate and precise body composition analysis full body sensing technology karada scan body composition monitor - HBF-375 is used. The general principle behind bioelectrical impedance analysis is that two or more conductors are attached to a person's body and a small electric current is sent through the body. The resistance between the conductors provides a measure of body fat between a pair of electrodes, since the resistance to electricity varies between adipose, muscular and skeletal tissue. Result: Interpretation of body composition analysis report of Teaching Staff members (Senior College) shows that overweight person is 70.6 %; that of Junior College is 73.3 %; that of non-teaching staff members (laboratory) is 52.4 % while; that of office is 76.9 %; and that of library is 100 %.

Body mass index as a measure of percentage body fat prediction and excess adiposity diagnosis among Iranian adolescents.

Although various anthropometric methods are available for assessing body composition, these have not been compared in Iranian adolescents. The objective of the present study was to compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and sum of four skinfolds as predictors of percentage body fat (PBF) and diagnosis of excess adiposity in Iranian adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, all anthropometric measurements were made in133 adolescents (65 boys and 68 girls), aged 10-18 years.PBF was determined using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to analyze the data. Potential covariates including sex, age, and pubertal stage were adjusted. R(2)adj of models for BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, and skinfolds were 0.67, 0.56, 0.19, 0.56, and 0.56, respectively (P < 0.001). The AUC value of BMI to differentiate between normal and obese adolescents was 0.92 (P < 0.001). The AUC of BMI was significantly higher than those of WC, WHR, and WHtR (P < 0.05). The performance of BMI is better than other anthropometric indices in predicting PBF and diagnosing excess adiposity in Iranian adolescents.

The effect of movement intervention for women attending courses in weight reduction

Background: Accelerated pace of life and consumerism leads to an increase in obesity. The key element in programs to reduce overweight and obesity is regular physical activity (PA) by means of a healthy lifestyle. Walking, which can be simply assessed by pedometers is appropriate PA that is accessible to everyone, regardless of age and gender. Objective: The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of courses in weight reduction to the selected body composition (BC) parameters in the obese and overweight women of various age and PA level. Methods: 124 women with existing sendenary lifestyles participated in the study, they were differentiated by age (&lt;&#8239;40 years: aged 31.3&#8239;&#177;&#8239;5.4 years, body weight of 88.2&#8239;&#177;&#8239;18.5&#8239;kg, body height of 166.5&#8239;&#177;&#8239;9.5&#8239;cm and &#8805;&#8239;40 years: aged 51.6&#8239;&#177; 7.5 years, body weight of 88.9&#8239;&#177;&#8239;13.3&#8239;kg, body height of 163.8&#8239;&#177;&#8239;8.2&#8239;cm). We divided the monitored sample into sub-groups according to the level of their PA. To determine the average daily number of footsteps during the PA the Yamax pedometer was used. InBody 720 device using the Direct Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method (DSM-BIA Method) was used to measure and analyse the BC. Results: Based on monitoring of PA and BC health risk indicators the effect of the exercise program, which included cognitive behavioural therapy, showed a decline in body mass index (BMI) and body fat expressed in percentages (PBF) and in the decrease of the visceral fat area (VFA). The amount of fat-free mass (FFM) remained the same. Preceding the therapy the BMI average was within the obesity group (BMI&#8239;&gt;&#8239;30&#8239;kg/m2). Following the three month therapy we observed in women with a higher level of PA a shift to the overweight group. Therapy contributed to a reduction in PBF from 2.4% to 3.9% even though the women's groups were still classified as obese (&gt;&#8239;35%). During the repeated measurements significant changes (p&#8239;&lt;&#8239;.05) occurred only in the VFA in relation to different ages. Conclusions: Research studies have shown positive relationships between the increase in PA and changes in health risk indicators. Observance of the recommended number of 10,000 footsteps per day primarily prevents the increase in body fat mass (BFM) and maintains FFM. Taking up a weight reduction program is essential when commencing the weight loss process in the course of lifestyle change.

Visceral obesity in normal-weight patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia

BackgroundBMI (body mass index) can be misleading regarding the level of adiposity in a normal-weight individual. Recently, a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method was developed that can measure body composition variables. The main objectives of this study were to use BIA to compare the body composition variables between chronic non-diabetic schizophrenic patients with normal weight and healthy individuals. The secondary objective was to compare the nutritional pattern of schizophrenia patients with that of matched healthy subjects, and to identify possible relationships between the content of different components of their diet and visceral adiposity.MethodsThe subjects were 52 normal-weight patients (33 males and 19 females) diagnosed with schizophrenia based on the DSM-IV and 45 (23 males and 22 females) BMI- matched controls. The patients had been receiving atypical or typical antipsychotic agents for at least one year before enrollment into the study but continuously for 3 months preceding the study and were psychiatrically stable. Body fat (kg), percent (%) body fat, fat-free mass, VAT (visceral adipose tissue) and SAT (subcutaneous adipose tissue) were measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Daily food rations (DFR) were quantitatively evaluated by a 24-h dietary recall method covering 3 days preceding the examination.ResultsIn normal-weight patients schizophrenia was significantly linked with higher VAT, VAT/SAT ratio and lower fat- free mass. Men had over 5 times and women over 2 times as much VAT as BMI matched groups. In women with schizophrenia and in their controls, the amount of magnesium, niacin and vitamin B6 in their diet inversely correlated with VAT, while in men lower zinc and vitamin C intake was related to higher visceral adiposity.ConclusionsOur study has shown that normal-weight patients with chronic schizophrenia have higher levels of visceral fat (VAT) than controls but similar volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Although no clear conclusion can be made regarding cause-and-effect relationships between the dietary content of food served to our patients and visceral obesity, we suggest that schizophrenia diet should be further investigated as a possible factor related to this type of obesity.

Validation Study of Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance with Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Among Obese Patients

Body mass index (BMI) is the most common parameter for classifying nutritional status. However, body composition (BC) may vary considerably among individuals with identical BMIs; consequently, we need to assess BC efficiently. Bariatric surgery is the most effective method for treating obesity. To improve quality assessment of postoperative weight loss, it is essential to assess BC. Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical assessment instrument, though limited when applied among the obese population. Despite dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) being the current reference standard, it has physical limitations which restrict its practical application. This study, therefore, sought to correlate the results of BC assessments of same patient population using BIA and DXA. This was a cross-sectional validation study with patients invited to undergo a multi-frequency BIA (Inbody 720®) and afterwards a DXA examination Statistical analyses were done using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t-test and the Bland-Altman plot analysis. A total of 108 patients were randomly selected, with 73 meeting the criteria for study inclusion. Most were female (89%) and had an average BMI of 40.17 ± 4.08 kg/m(2). An almost perfect correlation of fat (kg) and fat-free mass (kg) was found in results from the BIA and DXA examination (ICC = 0.832 and ICC = 0.899, respectively). A substantial correlation was also found between the percentage of body fat (%BF) and the percentage of fat-free mass (%FFM). The comparison made between the BIA and DXA using the t-test showed significant differences between all parameters. The Bland-Altman plot showed that the BIA method tends to underestimate the FM and overestimate the LM measurements when compared with DXA. BIA proved to be a safe alternative for assessing BC in clinically severely obese patients and thus provides a more accessible evaluation tool for this population. But, consideration should be given to the formula added to the BIA measurement, adjusting the values to differences observed in order to reduce errors when compared with the DXA measurements.

Comparing the effect of endurance and resistance training on resting metabolic rate in a group of men with a sedentary lifestyle — ; ; ; Pospíchal, Vladimír

Bastyan, V., Novotný, J., Mach, J. & Pospichal, V. (2014). Comparing the effect of endurance and resistance training on resting metabolic rate in a group of men with a sedentary lifestyle. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(Proc1), pp.S376-S387. Study examined the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition and compared changes in these parameters in group of men (n=17), aged 17-36, with sedentary lifestyle. During the initial measurements, the values of RMR, body composition and exercise test were obtained. In addition, five-day nutritional intake and record of physical activity were completed. After the initial measurements, subjects were randomly assigned in two training groups. Subjects in group EX1 (n=9) performed aerobic physical activity ‐ endurance training (jogging and/or running), whereas subjects in group EX2 (n=8) performed anaerobic physical activity ‐ resistance training. Physical activity was performed for 12 weeks, 3 times a week. The output measurements were obtained after 12 weeks of regular physical activity. Data of RMR were collected using the air analyzer Metalyzer Cortex 3B in the Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Sports Studies in Brno. For body composition, method of bioelectrical impedance analysis has been used. RMR increased significantly from pre- to postraining for EX1 (2045,8 ± 207,5 to 2168,8 ± 217,7 kcal.d-1) as well as for EX2 (1992 ± 164,4 to 2340 ± 321,3 kcal.d-1). Body fat for EX1 was significantly reduced (21,2 ± 6,4 to 18,7 ± 6,8 %) compared with EX2 (22,4 ± 6,2 to 20,6 ± 7,6 %). Measured data indicate more significant changes by subjects from EX1 group (endurance training). This study is a part of research for the dissertation of one of the authors and was financially supported from projects of specific research MUNI/A/0987/2011 and MUNI/A/0803/2012. Key words: RESTING METABOLIC RATE, BODY COMPOSITION, ENDURANCE TRAINING, RESISTANCE TRAINING, SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE.