Biodegradable Organic Waste Research Articles

Impact of Nanoparticle Addition and Ozone Pre-Treatment on Mesophilic Methanogenesis in Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Digestion

Biodegradable organic waste offers significant opportunities for resource recovery within the frame of the circular economy. In this work, the effects of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles and ozone pre-treatments in the mesophilic methanogenic stage of a temperature-phased an-aerobic digestion have been studied using biochemical methanogenic potential (BMP) tests and modeling simulation. To do that, digestates from a pre-treated thermophilic acidogenic reactor that co-digested sludge and wine vinasse were used. The addition of nanoparticles favored the removal of particulate matter, which increased by 9% and 6% in terms of total solids and volatile solids, respectively. When combined with ozone pre-treatment, these increases were 27% and 24%, respectively, demonstrating enhanced AD efficiency. The dose of iron nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon did not result in a statistically significant increase in methane production when sludge and vinasse were used as feedstock. The combination of nanoparticles with the ozone pre-treatment significantly improved the methanogenic phase of the second stage, increasing the methane production yield by 22% and reducing the lag phase from 10 days to 3 days, according to the modified Gompertz model.

Vermicompost: A potential organic fertilizer for sustainable vegetable cultivation

Changing climate undermines global food security by adversely affecting crop production. Biological agriculture, or organic farming, serves as an alternative to traditional methods that depend heavily on synthetic inputs. Vermicompost, produced through the non-thermophilic biodegradation of organic waste by earthworms and associated microbes, is a crucial bio-fertilizer that sustainably boosts crop yields and aids in adapting to environmental stresses. Vegetables, a key component of the human diet, provide essential nutrients and combat malnutrition. Grown worldwide under various climatic conditions, vegetables are exposed to diverse environmental stresses that threaten their yield and quality. Applying vermicompost to soil lowers its pH, improves porosity and water retention capacity, enhances microbial activity, and overall soil health. These improvements lead to better germination, growth, development, and yield of vegetable crops. Furthermore, vermicompost protects plants from oxidative stress caused by various abiotic factors by bolstering the antioxidative defense system. This article explores the potential of vermicompost in enhancing the performance of vegetable crops. It examines the impact of different abiotic stresses on vegetables and how vermicompost amendments can mitigate these stresses. Additionally, the study discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with using vermicompost for sustainable vegetable production.

Biogas production from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) harvested from River Wouri, Douala, Cameroon

Over the past three decades, growing global interest has been in replacing fossil fuels with clean energy from renewable resources. As a result, biogas generation from biodegradable organic waste has become increasingly popular, and water hyacinth is a menace wherever it exists. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) from River Wouri as a biogas substrate. Equal volumes (700 mL) of water hyacinth and poultry-based inoculum were prepared, each with a duplicate. The 8 substrates were placed in 1-liter plastic and incubated in a water bath at 37± 2 °C for 106 days. The substrates were subsampled before and after incubation to analyse the dry matter, moisture, volatile solids, ash contents, and pH. The volume of biogas produced from each digester was collected in plastic bags and measured every three days; hence, the methane produced was calculated. Results indicated an increase in the moisture contents of the substrates, while pH levels remained unchanged after incubation. The rate of destruction of volatile solids increased with the level of added inoculum. Biogas production started almost immediately for all the samples and largely followed a dome shape over the incubation period. Cumulative methane produced were 10.23, 11.84, 5.88, and 0.71 LCH4/kgVS, respectively, for 100% water hyacinth, 90% water hyacinth, 80% water hyacinth and 0% water hyacinth. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the weed in biogas production, which could be an important method to manage River Wouri while generating renewable energy.

Research on a circular economy model for biodegradable organic components treatment in municipal solid waste at a household-scale

Abstract Since biodegradable components form a major amount of household municipal solid waste (MSW), this study investigated a model of biodegradable organic waste treatment at home scale in order to recycle them into organic fertilizers. The experimental design was carried out in a perforated plastic bin (capacity = 18L) with 2 different models, with and without Trichoderma microbial product (TMP), in order to evaluate the effect of microbial product on the decomposition process and fertilizer quality. The monitored parameters for both models showed a similar trend of changes during the decomposition, however in the model with TMP, it was found that the decomposition process took place faster. The properties included pH (6.2–7.6), temperature (29–44 °C), and moisture content (47–63%). Two models were well matured within 1 month. Fertilizer products are used to grow mung beans (Vigna Radiata). They help in fast-growing plants (height from 20 to 22cm) with good green leaves (leaves width from 3-5 cm). Overall, the model has the potential to be broadly applied, helping to reduce the amount of MSW to be treated, saving costs, and creating a closed cycle towards a circular economy model.

Accelerating Biodegradation: Enhancing Poly(lactic acid) Breakdown at Mesophilic Environmental Conditions with Biostimulants.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has garnered interest due to its low environmental footprint and ability to replace conventional polymers and be disposed of in industrial composting environments. Although PLA is compostable when subjected to a suitable set of conditions, its broader acceptance in industrial composting facilities has been affected adversely due to longer degradation timeframes than the readily biodegradable organic waste fraction. PLA must be fully exposed to thermophilic conditions for prolonged periods to biodegrade, which has restricted its adoption and hindered its acceptance in industrial composting facilities, negating its home composting potential. Thus, enhancing PLA biodegradation is crucial to expand its acceptance. PLA's biodegradability is investigated in a compost matrix under mesophilic conditions at 37 °C for 180 days by biostimulating the compost environment with skim milk, gelatin, and ethyl lactate to enhance the different stages of PLA biodegradation. The evolved CO2, number average molecular weight (Mn), and crystallinity evolution are tracked. To achieve a Mn ≲ 10kDa for PLA, the biodegradation rate is accelerated by 15% by adding skim milk, 25% by adding gelatin, and 22% by adding ethyl lactate. This work shows potential techniques to help biodegrade PLA in home composting setting by adding biostimulants.

Evaluation of Domestic Solid Waste Management in Cai Rang District, Can Tho City, Vietnam

The study was conducted to evaluate the management of domestic solid waste in Cai Rang district, Can Tho city. The study conducted sampling of domestic solid waste from 20 households in four wards Le Binh, Hung Phu, Ba Lang, and Tan Phu within 07 days from March 6 to 12, 2023. At the same time, three groups of subjects including 120 households, 3 Environmental Managers, and 3 employees of Urban Environment Joint Stock Company were interviewed to collect information. The result showed that the average domestic solid waste generation coefficient reached 0.28 kg/person/day, and the amount of domestic solid waste generated can reach about 11,027.3 tons by the end of 2023. Of which, up to 91% of the volume of domestic solid waste was recyclable, including 52% of biodegradable organic waste, and 39% of recyclable waste. As for domestic solid waste management, there was still a limitation in classifying waste at source, this rate only fluctuates between 43.4-86.7%. Besides, the rate of households registered for domestic solid waste collection service had a difference between urban and rural areas, fluctuating from 76.7-96.7%. After being collected, domestic solid waste was transported to the Can Tho household waste incineration plant (EB plant). Meanwhile, the remaining amount of domestic solid waste was treated using unsanitary landfill methods, and thrown into rivers, causing environmental pollution, and public health. Although propaganda activities related to domestic solid waste management were carried out in four wards in Cai Rang district, Can Tho city. However, the level of implementation of these activities was not regular. From that, the study identified a number of difficulties in domestic solid waste management, including solid waste that was not completely classified at source, and garbage collection services that were not organized throughout the area. The district lacked specialized waste collection vehicles after classification, and public propaganda, and education work were limited. This research will help local authorities come up with specific solutions to improve the quality of solid waste management in Cai Rang district, Can Tho city.

The impact of landfill management approaches on methane emissions.

This article reports on how management approaches influence methane emissions from landfills. The project team created various landfill operational scenarios for different regions of the planet with respect to waste composition, organic waste reduction and landfill gas recovery timing. These scenarios were modelled by applying a basic gas generation model according to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommendations. In general, the IPCC's recommended modelling parameters and default values were used. Based on the modelling undertaken, two options stand out as being the most effective methane mitigation measures in a wide range of conditions throughout the world: (a) early gas recovery and (b) reduction of the amount of biodegradable organic waste accepted in a landfill. It is noted that reduction of organic input to any given landfill can take many years to realize. Moreover, suitable alternative processing or disposal options for the organic waste can be unaffordable for a significant percentage of the planet's population. Although effective, organic waste reduction cannot therefore be the only landfill methane mitigation measure. Early landfill gas recovery can be very effective by applying basic technologies that can be deployed relatively quickly, and at modest cost. Policymakers and regulators from around the globe can significantly reduce adverse environmental impacts from landfill gas emissions by stimulating both the early capture and flaring and/or energy recovery of landfill gas and programmes to reduce the inflow of organic waste into landfills.

A Field-Verified Model to Estimate Landfill Methane Flux Using Surface Methane Concentration Measurements under Calm Wind Conditions

A significant portion of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions––that are suspected of contributing to global warming––are emitted from landfills accepting biodegradable organic waste. Thus, the assessment of fugitive methane emissions from landfill surfaces has become an important and integral part of determining the overall carbon budgets of individual countries. Quantifying fugitive methane emissions from landfills using indirect methods, such as predictive mathematical models, which has been the norm for a long time, have proven to be ineffective for current needs. In recent years, attention has shifted to direct measurements, such as the flux chamber method, which is also costly and labor intensive, considering the vast areas covered by landfill surfaces. However, collecting surface methane concentration (SMC) data through an instantaneous emission measurement technique is relatively simple and inexpensive. Although the SMC is only a qualitative indicator of the methane flux of a landfill, recent literature on this topic has pointed to a potentially strong correlation between SMCs and methane flux. In this context, establishing a simple but robust model, capable of estimating methane surface flux using SMC values, was the primary aim of the research described here. In this study, we investigated the correlation between SMCs and methane flux across the soil–atmosphere boundary in a small-scale test cell under a partially controlled environment. The data collected from the test cell were used to propose a linear regression model that suggested that the methane flux under calm wind conditions could be simply predicted as 1.264 times the SMC. This model was then verified in a field lysimeter, which consisted of material similar to what is found in a landfill biocover. The model was able to predict the methane flux at the field lysimeter with an absolute average error of 40%. This error margin is quite reasonable because, as per the literature, error margins as high as 190% are not uncommon in estimating the methane flux at landfills using other commonly adopted methods.

Optimization of Pilot scale Biogas Plant for mixed food wastes with cow dung by anaerobic digestion process

<p>The primary aim of this research is to identify the best anaerobic digestion process yield for generating biogas from mixed food waste in the combination of cow manure. For the biogas generation experiment, certain biodegradable domestic organic wastes gathered from restaurants, waste storage facilities, the fruit-and-vegetable market and manure from cows. Organic waste collection; 38g of mixed food waste, cow dung waste and its mixture collected from Yaaballo town. To match the digester's input size and to make digestion easier, all wastes were broken down into little (5 mm) pieces by using a mortar and pestle. Organic materials were kept in plastic bags till anaerobic digestion got started. Because high temperatures stimulated the growth of methanogenic bacteria in the digester, the findings from the research indicated that Mixed Food Waste and Cow Dung Waste produced the most biogas (44ml) at 45⁰C in a short retention period. The temperature, PH, and retention time all significantly (P0.05) affect the production of biogas, according to the ANOVA results. It is possible to combine organic materials with equal amounts of high and low C:N ratios to get the ideal C:N ratios for digester use. The pH stability and increased methanogenic activities achieved by changing the C:N ratio of organic waste to provide the greatest biogas generation in Mixed Food Waste and Cow Dung Waste. For the best yield, the combination of diverse organic waste and the effects of various parameters on biogas production should be thoroughly studied.</p>

Assessment of landfill gas storage and application regarding energy management: A case study in the province of Quebec, Canada

Landfills are extensively applied to dispose of municipal solid wastes in developed and developing countries. Landfill gas generation from biodegradable organic wastes can be collected and converted to energy. When the gas collection system is shutdown, some of this gas can accumulate and be stored inside the landfill. Using the gas storage capacity of the landfill gets a better management of the landfill site because the collected stored gas could transform the landfill into a cheap gas storage system to provide short-term energy and use the energy when needed. This novel study analyzes the stored methane using the gas collection data of a landfill in Quebec province, Canada, for modulating energy production from landfill gas. Twenty episodes of the gas collection system’s shutdown and restart as well as different gas flow durations were studied. The results showed that the collected stored methane is accumulated in an average of 2.5 h. Additionally, the collected stored methane represents 10.5% of landfill gas flow. Although the results are site-specific, the methodology of this paper can be used on other landfill sites with similar size and collection conditions. Designing new landfills could take into consideration some elements to enhance gas storage capacity. For instance, designing landfill daily covers with more granular materials and higher porosities can be the next step to enhance the landfill as a gas storage system during shutdowns.

Circular bioeconomy of coffee industries: Energy and techno-economic approach based on biogas and biomethane production

The coffee industry is one of the most valuable and complex commodities in the world, surpassed only by the petroleum industry. Coffee roasting consumes a significant amount of energy that generates biodegradable organic waste. This paper aims to perform a technical, energy, and economic analysis on the valorization of waste from the coffee roasting industry (CRi) for the production of biogas and biomethane and then to verify the economic viability of four scenarios, incorporating the waste in a circular bioeconomy model. The results show that the potential biogas production was 137.26 Nm3 biogas/ton and biomethane 89.22 Nm3 CH4/ton fresh matter. The highest energy production was from the anaerobic digestion technological maturity scenario (AdMS), with a production of 113.68 MWh/a of electricity and 163.99 MWh/a of heat from the CHP. The amount of electricity replaced in CRi by biogas generation was 2.07% for the traditional anaerobic digestion scenario (TAdS) and 2.20% for the AdMS. The amount of heat replaced in CRi by heat generation was lower in the AdMS scenario, with a value of 1.10%. The study concludes through the economic analysis that the AdMS is the one that best fits the valorization of coffee waste with a net present value (NPV) of 17,930 USD and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 17.53%.

Redesigning Carbon-Carbon Backbone Polymers for Biodegradability-Compostability at the End-of-Life Stage.

Carbon-carbon backbone polymers are non-biodegradable, persistent plastics that have accumulated on land and oceans due to human activities. They degrade and fragment into microplastics and smaller particle sizes but do not biodegrade at an acceptable and practical rate. Their continual buildup in the natural environment precipitates serious detrimental impacts on human health and the environment, as extensively documented in the literature and media. Nearly 77% of global plastics produced are carbon-carbon backbone polymers. More importantly, 90% of packaging plastics (153.8 million metric tons) are non-biodegradable, persistent carbon-carbon backbone polymers. The recycling rate of these non-durable packaging plastics ranges from 0 to 4%. Re-designing carbon-carbon backbone polymers to labile ester backbone biodegradable-compostable polymers and treating them along with biodegradable organic waste (such as food, paper, and organic wastes) in managed industrial composting is environmentally responsible. Diverting 1 million metric tons of biodegradable organic wastes in MSW bound for landfills and open dumps to industrial composting results in 0.95 million metric tons CO2 equivalents of GHG emissions reduction. This perspective paper discusses strategies and rationales regarding the redesign of carbon-carbon backbone polymer molecules. It describes the carbon footprint reductions achievable by replacing petro-fossil carbon with plant biomass carbon. Biodegradability and compostability are frequently used but misunderstood and misused terms, leading to misleading claims in the marketplace. This paper presents the fundamentals of biodegradability and compostability of plastics and the requirements to be met according to ASTM/ISO international standards.

Current Situation of Municipal Solid Waste Generation in Ca Mau City, Vietnam

The study was implemented to assess the current generation, collection and management status of municipal solid waste in 8 Ward and Ly Van Lam Commune, Ca Mau city. The household survey method was applied by randomly interviewing 60 households, 10 collectors and 2 managers in August 2022. The results recorded that the average MSW generation rate in the study area was 0.60 kg/person/day. The total amount incurred in Ly Van Lam Commune was 70.70 kg/day, lower than 8 Ward (83 kg/day). The MSW in the study area was mainly biodegradable organic and recyclable waste, accounting for 69.22% and 24.44% of the total waste. Meanwhile, others and hazardous waste accounted for a low proportion. The classification of MSW at source had not been carried out synchronously in the study area, the collection rate was only 68.33% and it was treated at the garbage treatment plant in Ca Mau city. In areas where garbage had not been collected, people treated MSW by burning, burying, or disposing of it into the environment. Most people in the study area had quite good awareness of MSW, but there was still limited awareness in some households about the impacts of MSW. Therefore, it was necessary to strictly handle violations that cause environmental pollution, improve traffic routes and guide people to separate waste at source to raise people’s responsibility in solid waste management.

Optimization of landfill gas generation based on a modified first-order decay model: a case study in the province of Quebec, Canada

Landfills will likely remain an essential part of integrated solid waste management systems in many developed and developing countries for the foreseeable future. Further improvements are required to model the generated gas from landfills. The literature has not addressed detailed waste characterization in landfill gas (LFG) modeling by a first-order decay model such as LandGEM while using a genetic algorithm. Additionally, little has been done in the literature regarding H2S generation modeling. This paper uses a genetic algorithm to independently fit parameters to a CH4 and H2S generation model based on a modified first-order decay model. In the case of CH4 generation modeling, biodegradable organic waste (OW) was segregated into food waste, yard waste, paper, and wood. In addition to optimizing the OW fractions, key modeling parameters of OW, such as CH4 generation potential ({L}_{0}) and CH4 decay rate ({k}_{C{H}_{4}}), were determined independently for different periods in the landfill’s life. Similarly, in the case of H2S generation modeling, the construction and demolition waste (CD) was classified into fines (FCD) and bulky materials (BCD), and H2S generation potential ({S}_{0}) and H2S decay rate ({k}_{{H}_{2}S}) of FCD and BCD were determined. LFG collection data from a landfill site in the province of Quebec, Canada, was used to validate the LFG generation model. A range of scenarios was analyzed using the validated model, including fourteen scenarios (two benchmark and twelve optimizing) for CH4 and two for H2S modeling. The results showed that the differentiation of more waste types improves the modeling accuracy for CH4. Moreover, within the decade-long lifetime of a landfill, the waste management strategies change, requiring different assumptions for the modeling. Also, the work showed the importance of considering how different landfill sectors are filled over time. Finally, scenario twelve of optimizing scenarios, which assumed four waste types, constant three periodic waste fractions, and six sectors, had the lowest residual sum of squares (RSS) value. For H2S generation modeling, both scenarios, with or without separate fits of {S}_{0} and {k}_{{H}_{2}S} for FCD and BCD, predicted the generated H2S well and had a very similar RSS value. Further data could improve H2S generation modeling.

Leaching risk of antibiotic resistance contamination from organic waste compost in rural areas

Composting is an important decentralized technology for treating multiple biodegradable organic wastes in rural areas. However, compared to industrial composting (i.e., time and temperature protocols), rural composting is less well-controlled, and the risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in these composts needs to be determined. We performed a quantitative determination of ARGs and both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to investigate the liquid-solid leaching ratio and the relationship between ARGs and microbial communities in solid and water extracts of composts collected from rural areas. We observed a high level of sulfonamides resistance genes and tetracyclines resistance genes (10−4−10−2 copies/16S copies). Tet-C and tet-X show the strongest leaching potential in rural organic waste composts with complex hosts in solid and liquid phases. This study showed high ARG abundances in compost solid and water extracts, highlighting the leaching risk of compost ARGs when exposed to runoff or groundwater during open storage and field application.

Integrated vermicomposting and green roof techniques for food production in urban and rural areas

Thousands of tons of biodegradable organic waste generates in urban and rural areas every day, creating disposal problems. Urban organic waste can be converted into valuable output products (vermicompost, vermin-liquid, and earthworms) by applying a vermicomposting technique that had different. Implementing green roofs via soilless culture systems as micro-scale farms led to increasing natural resource use efficiencies as well as producing fresh food. The integration of both techniques will create not just reduce pollution and climate change impacts but also for increasing food production and security in urban, enhance the lifestyle and increase public awareness of environmental issues. This process is profitable at any scale of operation.

Vegetable Waste Biodrying Treatment for Energy Recovery as Refuse Derived Fuel Potential

Vegetable waste is a type of biodegradable organic waste found in every location in Indonesia. In addition, vegetable waste also dominates food waste. One of the ways to use vegetable waste is to use energy recovery. Energy recovery of vegetable waste can be done by time-dependent biodrying and bioactivator. This study aimed to determine the effect of time and activator application on the vegetable waste biodrying process. In this study, 0.5 kg of waste is used with an airflow rate of 15 liters/minute, the temperature in the process is in the range of 28.4-34.1°C. The bioactivators used in this study were baker's yeast, tempeh, and tape. The maximum decrease in mass occurs in the biodrying process with the addition of a bioactivator. The multivariate effect test results showed an effect of time and bioactivator on changes in water content and caloric value. However, the interaction between time and bioactivator only affects the water content. This is because the degradation process occurs utilizing microorganisms stored in the bioactivator liquid and water in vegetable waste. Further research is needed to know the effect of other variables in the biodrying process, especially the right detention time and bioactivators that accelerate the rate of degradation.

A Comprehensive Study on Air-Cathode Limitations and Its Mitigation Strategies in Microbial Desalination Cell—A Review

Microbial desalination cells (MDCs) are promising bioelectrochemical systems for desalination using the bacteria-generated electricity from the biodegradation of organic wastes contained in the wastewater. Instead of being a sustainable and eco-friendly desalination technology, the large-scale application of MDC was limited due to the high installation cost of the metal-catalyst-coated cathode electrode and the poor performance of the cathode in long-term operation due to catalyst fouling. Such cathodic limitations have hindered its large-scale application. The cathodic limitation has arisen mainly because of three losses, such as (1) Ohmic loss, (2) mass transfer loss, and (3) activation loss. The catalyst-assisted cathodic reduction reaction is an electrochemical surface phenomenon; thereby, the cathode’s surface charge transfer and thermodynamic efficiency are crucial for reaction kinetics. This review article aims to provide an overview of the MDC process, performance indicators, and summarizes the limiting factors that could hinder the process performance. Then, the article represented a comprehensive summary of the air-cathodic limitations and the mechanisms applied to improve the air-cathodic limitations in MDC to enhance the cathodic reaction kinetics through cathode surface modification through catalysts. The study is significantly different from other review studies by the precise identification and illustration of the cathodic losses and their mitigation strategies through surface modification. The details about the role of photocatalysts in the minimization of the cathode losses and improvement of the performance of MDC were well presented.

Exploration of Potential Indigenous Non-phytopathogenic Fungi for Bio-organic Fertilizer Recycling from Organic Waste

Using potential microbes in biodegradable solid waste management is an emerging science. Microbes play a significant role in recycling of organic solid wastes. Therefore, the present project was carried out to isolate indigenous potential non-phytopathogenic fungi from local relevant decomposed substrates for the purpose of organic waste recycling as bio-organic fertilizer (BOF). A total of thirteen fungal strains were isolated. Seven of them were identified as Trichoderma spp., and the rest were Penicillium spp. Germination of mung bean (Vigna radiata), mustard (Brassica campestris), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds were assessed by application of 13 fungal isolate suspensions. Significant increase of germination percent was achieved in mung bean (98.35%), mustard (96.65%), and wheat (93.35%) by fungal treatments RW-T02, PL-P01, and CD-T01/MSW-T05, respectively, compared to the controls. But radicle and plumule lengths were not promoted by fungal treatments in the majority of cases. Significantly, the longest radicle and plumule lengths of mung bean and mustard were found in control treatments. Conversely, in wheat the longest radicle and plumule length were achieved in treatments MSW-T05 and RW-T03, respectively. Based on superior performances of percent germination and radicle/plumule length, six fungal isolates were selected for compatibility performance in mixed cultures. In the compatibility tests, two fungal combinations (ABF and BCE) presented superior mutual intermingle appearances. Perhaps these combinations may play significant roles in biodegradation of organic wastes.

Biodegradation of Organic Waste Using Bacillus Species Isolated From Soil

Organic waste can be enzymatically degraded by microbes. In this study, the Bacillus species were isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus macquariensis, Bacillus brevis, and Bacillus circulans which were optimized considering pH (5, 7, 9) and temperature (37°C, 45°C, 55°C) for the maximum production of amylase, gelatinase, lipase, and cellulase, principally for the degradation of organic waste. The maximum production of amylase was found at 37°C with pH 7 and 9, gelatinase and lipase at 37°C with pH 5,7,9 by almost all identified species. Similarly, the production of cellulase was shown by Bacillus licheniformis only at 45°C, pH 5. The degradation was confirmed by the analysis of the solid content of degraded waste. The maximum degradation of starch and lipid-containing waste was shown by Bacillus macquariensis whereas Bacillus circulans were able to degrade gelatin-containing waste effectively. Bacillus species showed a synergistic effect in biodegradation. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis used in ratios 1:1 and 1:2 were found to be effective degraders of lipid and starch-containing waste respectively. Bacillus macquariensis, Bacillus brevis, and Bacillus circulans used in ratio 1:1:1 showed effective degradation of gelatin-containing waste. The degradation of the organic waste by multi-enzyme producer Bacillus species can be the most effective and eco-friendly method and their optimization for enzyme production can be beneficial for commercial enzyme production as well as for biotechnological applications. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 10(2): 104-111.