Vermicompost: A potential organic fertilizer for sustainable vegetable cultivation

Abstract

Changing climate undermines global food security by adversely affecting crop production. Biological agriculture, or organic farming, serves as an alternative to traditional methods that depend heavily on synthetic inputs. Vermicompost, produced through the non-thermophilic biodegradation of organic waste by earthworms and associated microbes, is a crucial bio-fertilizer that sustainably boosts crop yields and aids in adapting to environmental stresses. Vegetables, a key component of the human diet, provide essential nutrients and combat malnutrition. Grown worldwide under various climatic conditions, vegetables are exposed to diverse environmental stresses that threaten their yield and quality. Applying vermicompost to soil lowers its pH, improves porosity and water retention capacity, enhances microbial activity, and overall soil health. These improvements lead to better germination, growth, development, and yield of vegetable crops. Furthermore, vermicompost protects plants from oxidative stress caused by various abiotic factors by bolstering the antioxidative defense system. This article explores the potential of vermicompost in enhancing the performance of vegetable crops. It examines the impact of different abiotic stresses on vegetables and how vermicompost amendments can mitigate these stresses. Additionally, the study discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with using vermicompost for sustainable vegetable production.