Bioconvection Peclet Number Research Articles

Assisting and opposing mixed convective flow over a solid sphere at its bottom stagnation point with a constant surface heat, mass and motile microorganism flux

This study examined the laminar mixed convective flow around the lower point of stagnation for a solid sphere with a steady flux of gyrotactic microbial motility, mass and temperature. Biological convection phenomena have been considered in this study due to their intermixing traits and capacity in order to enhance mass transit in numerous biotechnology and biological systems. The first objective of this study is to examine and establish the mathematical formulation comprising partial differential equations for energy, momentum, mass conservation and mobile microorganism conservation balances. To do numerical calculations, the controlling partial differential equations are initially transformed by similarity transformations into a collection of interconnected non-linear ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved by using the MATLAB Bvp4c scheme. The results indicate that several controlling parameters, particularly bioconvection parameters such as the Lewis number ( Le ), Bioconvection Lewis parameter ( Lb ) and Bioconvection Peclet number ( Pe ), have significant effects on flow transfer rates. A dual solution is observed in a certain region of mixed convection λ , where the mixed convection parameter is within the range of 0.41–0.65. The findings reveal significant results from dual solution analysis, highlighting the occurrence of unstable and stable phenomena for specific values of bioconvection parameters exclusively in the case of opposing flow. The assisting flow demonstrates only a single solution that is physically stable and unique. Observing lower stagnation point flow is essential for predicting and analysing complex fluid–microorganism interactions in various scientific and engineering applications such as designing spherical-shaped microbial fuel cell. Optimising flow conditions can enhance the efficiency of processes like wastewater treatment, where microorganisms play a crucial role in breaking down pollutants.

Impacts of unsteady MHD hybrid nanofluid over a non-linear stretchable porous sheet with thermal radiation and gyrotatic microorganisms

This study offers a numerical assessment of unsteady laminar flow, heat and mass transfer of conventional hybrid nanofluid considering activation energy which is noticed in chemical processes. Further, non linear radiation and bioconvection flow with first order slip is also accounted. Nanoparticles as Cu and Al2O3 in the base fluid H2O are included in this analysis. Similarity transformation is applied to the governing model equations to reduce dimensionless form and "bvp4c" a MATLAB solver, is applied to get numerical outputs of flow problem. Validation of numerical outcomes is done by an analytical approach optimal auxiliary function method (OAFM). This analysis reports better thermal characteristics when volume fractions 0.0 ≤ φ1 ≤ 0.5 and 0.0 ≤ φ2 ≤ 0.5 of both nanoparticles Cu and Al2O3 are enhanced. Results for present analysis are interpreted numerically and graphically for distinct enhanced values of dimensionless parameters and physical quantities. The high resistance offered by velocity slip (0 ≤ Sv1 ≤ 1.0) and Forchheimer parameter (0 ≤ Fr ≤ 10) cause a drop in velocity profiles. It is noticed that bioconvection Peclet number (0 ≤ Pe ≤ 0.7) leading to a drop (χ(η) = 0.139972 to χ(η) = 0.0817063, at η = 1) in density distribution of motile microorganisms.

Design of Nonlinear Autoregressive Neuro-Computing Structure for Bioconvective Micropolar Nanofluidic Model

In the present arena, the tools of artificial intelligence (AI) play a significant role in research across various fields by enabling advanced data analysis, pattern recognition and decision-making. This research work presents the numerical investigation of bioconvective micropolar nanofluidic model (BCMNFM) by employing the knacks of AI-based nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) approach with a combination of backpropagated Levenberg–Marquardt neural networks (BLMNNs) represented as NAR-BLMNNs. This research work investigates the flow design to highlight the attributes of mass and heat exchange. A dataset for BCMNFM is created by applying the Adam numerical procedure by variation of unsteadiness parameter ([Formula: see text], magnetic field parameter ([Formula: see text] thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), bioconvection Peclet number (Pe) and spin gradient viscosity parameter ([Formula: see text] The skills of AI-based NAR-BLMNNs technique is then utilized on the dataset created for BCMNFM to investigate the approximate solutions. The achieved and impactful values of performance consistently range between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] across all scenarios of BCMNFM. The precision and the validation of predicted approach NAR-BLMNNs is exceptionally established by the graphical demonstration for all scenarios of MSE, regression metrics, error histograms and time series graphs. The numerical calculations attained through AI-based NAR-BLMNNs technique further rationalize the precision of the proposed methodology for solving the BCMNFM effectively and efficiently.

Novel Bayesian distributed adaptive neural structure for titanium and aluminium alloy nanofluidic model with gyrotactic microorganisms

The purpose of this research study is to evaluate the solutions of Titanium and Aluminum alloy nanofluidic model with gyrotactic microorganisms (TAA-NFMGM) by applying stupendous knacks of Bayesian distributed adaptive neural structure (BDANS). The use of nanofluids containing gyrotactic microorganisms in combination with titanium and aluminum alloys have potential applications in diverse fields, including engineering, bioremediation, biomedical devices, biotechnology, and research depending on different factors like design of the system and use of certain microorganism. A dataset for BDANS is generated for the eight different events with Adam numerical technique for TAA-NFMGM by varying Prandtl number (Pr), mixed convection parameter (λ), microorganisms concentration parameter (Ω), bioconvection peclet number (Pe), and bioconvection Lewis number (Lb). The reference data set generated with Adam numerical technique is utilized for numerical calculation of different parameters on TAA-NFMGM by employing the artificial intelligence based BDANS. The accuracy and justification of the performance of BDANS is efficaciously substantiated through negligible level of MSE around 10–10 to 10–13, calculation of regression metrics and distribution of instances of error on histograms with values 10–04 to 10–09 near to reference line.

Influence of Gyrotactic Microorganisms on Bioconvection in Electromagnetohydrodynamic Hybrid Nanofluid through a Permeable Sheet

Many biotechnology sectors that depend on fluids and their physical characteristics, including the phenomenon of bioconvection, have generated a great deal of discussion. The term “bioconvection” describes the organized movement of microorganisms, such as bacteria or algae. Microorganisms that participate in bioconvection display directed movement, frequently in the form of upward or downward streaming, which can lead to the production of distinctive patterns. The interaction between the microbes’ swimming behavior and the physical forces acting on them, such as buoyancy and fluid flow, is what drives these patterns. This work considers the laminar-mixed convection incompressible flow at the stagnation point with viscous and gyrotactic microorganisms in an unsteady electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid (Fe3O4-Cu/water). In addition, hybrid nanofluid flow over a horizontal porous stretched sheet, as well as external and induced magnetic field effects, can be used in biological domains, including drug delivery and microcirculatory system flow dynamics. The governing system has been reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the use of the group technique. The current research was inspired by an examination of the impacts of multiple parameters, including Prandtl number, Pr, magnetic diffusivity, η0, shape factor, n, microorganism diffusion coefficient, Dn, Brownian motion coefficient, DB, thermophoresis diffusion coefficient, DT, bioconvection Peclet number, Pe, temperature difference, δt, and concentration difference, δc. The results show that as Pr rises, temperature, heat flux, and nanoparticles all decrease. In contrast, when the η0 value increases, the magnetic field and velocity decrease. Heat flow, bacterial density, and temperature decrease as the DB value rises, yet the number of nanoparticles increases. As the DT value increases, the temperature, heat flow, and concentration of nanoparticles all rise while the density of bacteria decreases. Even though temperature, heat flux, nanoparticles, and bacterial density all decrease as δc values climb, bacterial density rises as Dn values do although bacterial density falls with increasing, δt and Pe values; on the other hand, when n values increase, temperature and heat flow increase but the density of bacteria and nanoparticle decrease. The physical importance and behavior of the present parameters were illustrated graphically.

Arrhenius activation energy effect in thermally viscous dissipative flow of micropolar material with gyrotactic microorganisms

The rheology of micropolar material with heat energy transport features is fully progressive, which allows considerable industrial and engineering applications. In this study, numerical analysis is presented to examine the micro-rotation characteristics of magnetized micropolar fluid flow towards the stagnation point region on a porous shrinking surface with gyrotactic microorganisms. To describe the convective energy transport features, Arrehenius activation energy, thermal radiation, Ohmic, and viscous dissipation effects are taken into consideration. The governing equations are converted into ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity variables. The physical features of flow constraints are displayed and explained for velocity, thermal and solutal distributions, microorganism profile, as well as friction drag, couple stress, and energy transport rate. The results revealed that suction strength contributes to the increment of friction drag, couple stress, and energy transport rate, but the boosted values of the micropolar parameter lower the values of these physical quantities. For a specific range of the shrinking parameter, analysis confirmed the persistence of non-uniqueness solutions. Further, the microorganism profile declines as the bioconvection Lewis number and the bioconvection Peclet number increases. Additionally, according to time-dependent stability analysis, only the upper branch of solutions is physically stable, while the lower branch is not physically.

Sisko nanofluid flow through exponential stretching sheet with swimming of motile gyrotactic microorganisms: An application to nanoengineering

Abstract The swimming of motile gyrotactic microorganism’s phenomenon has recently become one of the most important topics in research due to its applicability in biotechnology, many biological systems, and numerous engineering fields. The gyrotactic microorganisms improve the stability of the nanofluids and enhance the mass/heat transmission. This research investigates the MHD fluid flow of a dissipative Sisko nanofluid containing microorganisms moving along an exponentially stretched sheet in the current framework. The mathematical model comprises equations that encompass the preservation of mass, momentum, energy, nanoparticle concentration, and microorganisms. The equations that govern are more complicated because of nonlinearity, and therefore to obtain the combination of ordinary differential equations, similarity transformations are utilized. The numerical results for the converted mathematical model are carried out with the help of the bvp4c solver. The resulting findings are compared to other studies that have already been published, and a high level of precision is found. The graphical explanations for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles volume fraction distribution are shown with physical importance. Physical characteristics like Peclet number, Sisko fluid parameter, thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameter, and Hartmann number are taken into consideration for their effects. Based on the numerical outcomes, the bioconvection Peclet number enhances the density of mobile microorganisms, whereas thermal radiation contributes to an elevation in temperature. The velocity field decreases with the enhancement of magnetic parameter; however, the temperature field increases with increased magnetic parameter and thermophoresis parameter augmentation. Our numerical findings are ground breaking and distinctive, and they are used in microfluidic devices including micro instruments, sleeve electrodes, and nerve development electrodes. This study has various applications in nanoengineering, including nanomaterial synthesis, drug delivery systems, bioengineering, nanoscale heat transfer, environmental engineering.

Bio-Convective Hartmann Flow of Couple Stress Hybrid Nanofluid Between Two Dilating Parallel Walls with Heat and Mass Transfer

The study of bio-convective flow of hybrid nanofluid attracted many researchers because of tremendous applications in the fields of biofuel biotechnology, enzyme-based biosensors and biomedical science. The present work addresses a comparative study of CuO/Al2O3-water and CuO-water nanoparticles on heat and mass transfer characteristics of the squeezing flow of MHD couple stress fluid between two parallel plates by suspending motile micro-organisms. An approximated numerical technique (Shooting method along with Runge-Kutta 4th order scheme) have been employed to analyse the system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The above numerical investigations were carried out for various governing parameters such as couple stress parameter, Hartmann number, bioconvection Peclet number, squeezing parameter etc. The effects of these physical parameters are illustrated graphically over velocity components, temperature distribution, diffusion of concentration and density of motile microorganisms. In addition to this the numerical values of skin friction, the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are tabulated at the upper plate for CuO-water and CuO–Al2O3-water at the expanding and squeezing cases. The numerical results for temperature profiles are in good consistency with earlier research.

Stagnation Bioconvection Flow of Titanium and Aluminium Alloy Nanofluid Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms over an Exponentially Vertical Sheet

The pivotal aim of this research is to address a natural stagnation bioconvection flow of a hybrid nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over an exponentially stretching and shrinking vertical sheet. The mathematical formulation of simplified Navier-Stokes equations is made in the presence of a few parameters such as Prandtl number, concentration to thermal buoyancy ratio, microorganism to thermal buoyancy ratio, Lewis number, bioconvection Peclet number, bioconvection Lewis number, microorganisms concentration difference and buoyancy parameter. The two types of nanofluid containing titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and aluminium alloy (AA7075) immersed in water are considered for the investigation. In the analysis, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by a similarity transformation. The resulting equations are rewritten in MATLAB software through the Bvp4c method to obtain the solutions. The effects of hybrid nanofluid of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and aluminium alloy (AA7075), microorganisms’ concentration difference parameter, and bioconvection Lewis Number are observed in this mathematical model in the presence of stretching and shrinking sheets. The numerical values are obtained for the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and local density of motile microorganisms for the reporting purpose. In addition, the profiles of the velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism are visualized as the main findings of this article.

Chemically reactive MHD peristaltic flow of Jeffrey nanofluid via a vertical porous conduit with complaint walls under the effects of bioconvection and double diffusion

Inspired by significant physiological applications of peristaltic transport, a mathematical model for the peristaltic pumping of a Jeffrey nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms through a flexible and vertical symmetric channel is investigated, along with the effects of thermal radiation, heat source/sink, chemical reaction, porous medium and Hall current. Swimming microorganisms in a model of non-Newtonian fluid has several biological and ecological benefits, including in the pharmaceutical industry, biofertilizers, biofuel technology, biosensors, etc. With these presumptions in mind, a conducting Jeffery fluid flow containing microorganisms via a porous vertical conduit is proposed. The expressions for the flow quantities are established by solving the governing equations of this study analytically using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). A detailed examination is performed using the tables and graphical representations to comprehend the impact of significant components on this analysis. In addition, the results for Newtonian nanofluid are obtained as a special case and discovered that its velocity is lower than the Jeffrey nanofluid. It is observed that the best velocity distribution can be seen at larger thermal Grashof number and Darcy number. The size of the trapped bolus enhances with the increase of the Hall parameter. Furthermore, the density of the motile microorganism distribution declines for higher bioconvection Peclet number and bioconvection constant.

Investigation for brownian motion of nonlinear thermal bioconvective SPF in a nanofluid utilizing AGM method

An analysis of the bioconvective slump point flow of nanofluid is addressed. The studied nanofluid, which contains gyrotactic microorganisms, was investigated in a porous medium on a nonlinear tensile plate in which it was placed. The scaling group transformation approach converted the analyzed PDEs to ODEs. ODEs obtained are solved using the numerical method (rkf-45) and AGM, and the results are compared with DTM and RKF methods. The accuracy of the obtained answers is remarkable compared to the mentioned methods. An increase in the density of motile microorganism distribution caused by the increment in values of bioconvection Peclet number is desired. In addition, a rapid increase in heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate happens when there is an increase in the thermophoresis parameter, heat source parameter, chemical reaction parameter, and Brownian motion parameter in a sequence. In this study, we investigated the SPF of bioconvective nanofluids containing GM. It is observed that the flow velocity increases as Da−1 decreases. As Rb increases, bioconvection increases. These studies may be used for biotechnological applications, such as the design of bioconjugates or the increase of mass transfer in microfluidics.

Gyrotatic microorganisms analysis for radiative 3D Carreau nanofluid flow configured by activation energy and viscous dissipation

Nanoparticles and Bioconvection with microorganisms have inclusive and widespread of applications in the specialty of engineering, bioinformatics, biotechnology, mechanical energy and biosensors. Likewise, widespread utilization in diverse industries for-instance, geothermal technology, bio-medical, microelectronics, mechanical-chemistry, solar cells, chlorofluorocarbons toward nuclear reactors and exploitation, together along product degeneration, nuclear reactor chilling, oil emulsification and the thrust in the thermal conductivity accomplishment of the fluid, nuclear plant cooling has flourish an contemporary area for scientists and research scalars. The foremost manifesto of the existing investigation is to provide mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of the three-dimensional steady Bioconvection flow of Carreau nanofluids under the impact of nonlinear radiation and gyrotactic microorganisms. Furthermore, magnetohydrodynamic, activation energy and mixed convection inspirations are also measured. We constrained boundary layer theory to advance the basic PDEs for microorganism field, nanoparticle concentration, energy, momentum and mass, and thus condensed to extremely nonlinear ODEs by using the variable transformations. To scrutinize the problem, we acquired the numerical solution for present study with the help of bvp4c, a MATLAB practice. Graphical along with numerical consequences for the Sherwood number, density number of microorganism and wall heat transfer are as well accompanied. It is fascinating to note that microorganism field has been expanded due to having higher estimates of the bioconvection Peclet number and bioconvection Rayleigh number. It is also illustrated that higher values of heat generation/absorption parameter deteriorate the fluid temperature.

Chemical reactions and heat generation influence on mixed convection flow with gyrotactic microorganisms over a non-isothermal horizontal surface

The goal of this research is to look at two dimensional steady free forced convective flows through a horizontal surface surrounded by a permeable medium with exponential decaying heat generation and chemical reaction. For describing non–isothermal phenomena power law exponent has been considered in boundary conditions. By imposing appropriate transformations, the nonlinear partial differential equations driving the flow, temperature, concentration, and microbe fields are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations and numerically solved by MATLAB 14.0. Excellent compatibility has been discovered between our optimized results and the already-published literature when compared for validation. The velocity, temperature, concentration, and microbe profiles are reduced by the power law exponent, which shows fluctuation in wall temperature and concentrations. Lewis parameter Le has a significant impact on concentration. The bioconvection peclet number Pe and the Lewis parameter Lb both significantly affect the profile of microorganisms. The influence of internal heat generation and chemical reaction can cause heat and mass transfer rates to increase, but slow down the transfer rate of motile microorganisms. For regions of forced convection, all flow profiles and flow transfer rates increase whereas they drop for regions of pure mixed convection.

Theoretical study on bio-convection of micropolar fluid with an exploration of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory

This research explores the heat transfer rate for micropolar fluid in a channel flow. In spite of formal Fourier’s law, the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux design is implemented in energy system. Using appropriate dimensionless parameters, the guiding coupled partial differential equations that represent the fluid flow are modified into ordinary differential equations. By executing Runge–Kutta integration procedure and the shooting method, the numerical results are achieved. The impacts of thermal relaxation time and bio-convection flow of micropolar fluid are examined in this assessment. Graphical analyses are used to assess the effects of physical factors for the momentum, micro-rotation, concentration, density of micro-organisms and temperature gradient. The skin friction values, motile density number, heat and mass transfer rate are the fascinating physical quantities whose numerical data are computed and validated against different parametric values. The variational iteration method (VIM) and Adomian decomposition method are the analytical modules which have been incorporated here for solving the nonlinear systems for showing better approximity. It is found from the study that larger the thermal relaxation time values, the more likely they are to increase heat transfer, hence lowering the fluid temperature. Moreover, both Fourier and Cattaneo–Christov heat conduction module exhibit qualitatively similar influence on embedded parameters also the temperature profile diminishes for larger values of [Formula: see text]. The culminations evidently disclose that the bio-convection Peclet number and the motile microbes parameter enhance the density of motile micro-organisms. From a computational perspective, the VIM is more effective, practical and ease of use. The numerical and analytical results are compared well with the existing articles. The optimum parameter level for maximum heat transfer is considered to be [Formula: see text]. Taguchi approach was successfully used to determine the optimum design parameters for maximum heat transfer is 1.724012 for the parameters A-5:B-5:C-0.5:D-0.5:E-0.7.

Heat and mass transfer analysis for MHD bioconvection peristaltic motion of Powell-Eyring nanofluid with variable thermal characteristics

Present study describes the influences of mass and heat transfer on Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) bioconvective peristaltic transport of Powell-Eyring nanofluid through a curved channel with radius dependent magnetic field. Modified Darcy's law, Ohmic heating, motile gyrotactic microorganisms, thermal radiation, variable properties, Brownian and thermophoresis motion are also considered. Furthermore, velocity and thermal slip conditions were employed in the analysis. The phenomenon of motile microorganisms enhances the stability of nanoparticles as well as improves heat transfer. The microorganism concept is accepted only for the stabilization of suspended nanomaterials due to bioconvection, which is facilitated by combined impacts of a magnetic field and buoyancy forces. Modified Darcy's law is used to model flow through a porous space. Governing equations for the proposed model are simplified by using lubricant approximations. NDSolve (built-in command in Mathematica) is used to obtain the numerical solutions for axial velocity, concentration profile, density of motile microorganism distribution, magnitude of temperature, analysis of heat and mass transfer. Obtained results are presented graphically for different values of flow quantities of interest. The results report that increasing the radiation and variable viscosity parameters diminishes the nanofluid temperature. It is observed that heat transfer rates are enhanced by improving heat source/sink and Powell-Eyring fluid parameters. Outcomes reveal that a growth in curvature and Hartman number reduce the axial velocity of nanofluid. Moreover, concentration distribution improves for larger values of the Brownian motion coefficient. The density of motile microorganisms drops by increasing bioconvection Peclet number. Mass transfer rates slightly improves when Hartman number is increased. In addition, results for the planner channel can be attained for the larger values of curvature parameter.

Magnetohydrodynamic of Copper-Aluminium of Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms over a Vertical Cylinder with Suction

The boundary layer flow with heat and mass transfer are important since the quality of final product depends on factors such as the rate of cooling and stretching phenomenon. The pivotal aim of this research is to address magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) copper-aluminium oxide hybrid nanoparticles containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a stretching vertical cylinder with suction. The mathematical model has been formulated based on Tiwari-Das nanofluid model. Two types of nanofluid containing Copper (Cu) and Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) immersed in water is considered in this study. In the analysis, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by a similarity transformation. Corresponding boundary conditions are analysed numerically along with these equations and are programmed in MATLAB software through the bvp4c method to obtain the solutions. The numerical solutions are obtained for the skin friction coefficient, the local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number and local density of motile microorganism as well as velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism profiles. The present analysis is validated by comparing with previously published work and found to be in good agreement. The effects of the parameter are analysed and discussed. According to the findings, suction increases shear stress, heat transport rate, mass transfer, and mass diffusivity. Moreover, hybrid nanofluid was discovered to be faster than nanofluid in terms of transit rate. Furthermore, the local density motile microorganism bioconvection Peclet number and bioconvection Lewis number increased.

Effects of non-Darcy mixed convection over a horizontal cone with different convective boundary conditions incorporating gyrotactic microorganisms on dispersion

This paper investigates the influence of dispersion impact on mixed convection flow over a horizontal cone within a non-Darcy porous medium. Multiple convective boundary conditions are applied to address the heat, mass and motile microorganism transfer phenomena. This paper incorporates the dispersion effect for gyrotactic microorganisms due to biological and environmental applications. By imposing appropriate similarity transformations, the nonlinear partial differential equations governing flow, temperature, concentration, and microbe fields are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations & then solved using the MATLAB BVP4C function. The computation of grid independence test is analyzed for different flow profiles to show the precision of the points. In a few instances, our present numerical data is compared with previously published works, leading to excellent agreement. The non-Darcy effect, as well as mixed convection values from 0.1 to 0.9 and buoyancy parameters from 0.2 to 0.8, all significantly affects the velocity profile. The reduction in the microorganism profile is brought on by the increase in the bioconvection Lewis parameter and bio convection peclet number between 0.3 and 1. In the absence of dispersion, the variation of Biot numbers between 0.5 and 2, favor heat, mass, and motile microorganism transfer the most in the range of mixed convection parameter 0.5 to pure forced convection 1. Thermal, solutal and microorganism dispersion coefficients a, b, c that lie between frac{1}{7} and frac{1}{3} and higher values of modified peclet number ranges from 2 to 10 cause increased dispersion effects which lower flow transfer rates mostly in forced convection regime.

Novel thermal aspects of hybrid nanofluid flow comprising of manganese zinc ferrite MnZnFeO, nickel zinc ferrite NiZnFeO and motile microorganisms

An enhancement in heat transfer due to nanofluids is essentially required in various thermal systems. Hybrid nanofluids possess high thermal conductivity and, have ability to embellish and enhance the thermal strength of common fluids. Our concern in this paper is to examine the innovative attributes of hybrid nanofluids like Manganese zinc ferrite ( MnZnFe 2 O 4 ) and Nickel zinc ferrite ( NiZnFe 2 O 4 ) in the bio-convective flow of motile gyrotactic microorganisms subject to Darcy Forchheimer medium. The effect of activation energy has also been taken into account. Mathematical treatment is carried out via MATLAB software. The use of MnZnFe 2 O 4 - NiZnFe 2 O 4 /H 2 O exhibits improved thermal characteristics which desirably enhance the volume fraction of hybrid nanoparticles. A comparison is provided in order to appraise the efficiency of code. The numerical results are interpreted by means of graphs and tables. The hybrid composition of zinc ferrites in the base fluid together with motile microorganisms substantially improved the heat transfer rate. It can be deduced from the culminations of the present work that the Forchheimer parameter and the bioconvection Peclet number cause a reduction in the velocity of fluid and density distribution of motile gyrotactic microorganisms respectively.

Heat transmission in Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Sutterby nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms

PurposeThis paper aims to deal with the heat transmission of Sutterby fluid-containing gyrotactic microorganism by incorporating non-Darcy resistance law. The mathematical modeling is based on nanoparticle concentration, energy, momentum and motile microorganism equations.Design/methodology/approachThe governing nonlinear coupled equations are first rendered into nonlinear ordinary equations using appropriate transformation and are then solved analytically by using the optimal homotopy.FindingsGraphical illustration of results depict the behavior of flow involved physical parameters on temperature, gyrotactic microorganism, concentration and velocity. Additionally, local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are computed numerically and validated through comparison with existing literature as a special case of proposed model. It is found that the temperature profile decreases by increasing values of Brownian-motion parameter and Prandtl number. An increase in thermophoresis parameter and Schmidt number results in decrease in concentration of nanoparticles. Bioconvection Peclet number corresponds to decreasing behavior of nondimensional gyrotactic microorganism field is observed. Finally, a comparison with the existing literature is made, and an excellent agreement is seen.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is reported for the first time.

Thermodynamic analysis for bioconvection peristaltic transport of nanofluid with gyrotactic motile microorganisms and Arrhenius activation energy

Improving high-efficiency thermal systems to increase heat transmission has become quite prevalent nowadays. Various works were conducted to gain insight into the implementation of heat transfer for their practical use in increasing heat transfer. Therefore, the present study focuses on analyzing heat exchange and irreversibility rate (entropy generation) for bioconvection peristaltic transport of nanofluid with mass transfer. Investigation takes place inside an asymmetrical channel with flow subject to the action of gyrotactic motile microorganisms and Arrhenius activation energy. The considered flow situation is sculpted via Brownian diffusion, variable viscosity, nonuniform heat generation/absorption, viscous dissipation, porous medium, mixed convection, and thermophoresis diffusion assumptions. Lubrication approximations have been used in this modelling. Numerical computations of the governing equations along with related conditions are conducted using NDSolve in Mathematica. Quantities of physical interest such as temperature distribution, entropy production, concentration, density of motile microorganism and velocity profiles are computed and depicted through tables and graphs to demonstrate the effects of the related parameters. The results revealed that temperature distribution suppresses for higher activation parameters. Heat transfer rate at wall decreases for higher viscosity parameter. To minimize the generation of entropy in the system, we need to increase the porosity parameter. It is also found that the density of motile microorganism decreases for higher bioconvection Peclet number. Moreover, fluid motion strongly advanced by enhancing the Bioconvection Rayleigh number and buoyancy ratio parameter. Water-based nanofluid provides better heat and irreversibility properties as compared to methanol based nanofluid.