Production Of Biocomposites Research Articles

The Role of Technology as Material Innovation in Interior Design Industry

The development of knowledge, generally still works with the development of technology in the modern age of technology all the nice aspects in our life. Almost all of science a thriving now by various technologies to improve and develop the existing. In the interior design, the role of material is important to provide for changes in work done. Now material development in industry interior design developed rapidly. Many materials that bring freshness to the industry. The use of material waste into one of the trends is being widely interested in the community this the modern era, with lifestyles called the green lifestyle made material with recycling system into one way for. In industry, a recycled material made bio-composite board is one of the ways. In order to increase the sale price of waste in, higher than ever. Manufacturing a bio-composite are running in parallel with the use of technology is, the use cold to be alternating press technique in the manufacturing process. This technology also makes the result of waste processing as the planks of bio-composites according to the standard of the quality of already existing at the present time. experimental method is used to study the bio composite waste product. The discussion of the role of technology in the innovation material in the interior design especially in its suspected uranium-based bio-composite material board waste will be discussed at great length.

A statistical approach to the development of flame retardant and mechanically strong natural fibers biocomposites

Flame retardant polymer composites are conventionally produced by extrusion processes where several compounding variables must be finely tuned in order to find the optimal balance between the needed flame retardant and mechanical properties. This work aims at the production of flame retardant and mechanically strong biocomposites based on thermoplastic starch, keratin fibers derived from tannery industry waste and aluminum trihydroxide by exploiting a statistical approach. The response surface methodology is applied to investigate the effects of compounding variables, aiming to minimize the total flaming time, maximize the tensile strength and reduce the aluminum trihydroxide content by replacing it with keratin fibers. The fiber length, blending temperature and rotational speed are found to produce fundamental interaction effects on the final properties of the flame retardant biocomposites. The applied statistical method is validated by the experimental results. The proposed approach can thus enable the production of sustainable biocomposites where sustainability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties are maximized.

A strong, hydrophobic, transparent and biodegradable nano-lignocellulosic membrane from wheat straw by novel strategy

Wheat straw is a potentially natural material for production of bio-composites due to its chemical composition. Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are closely connected in wheat straw and difficult to separate for nano-lignocellulose in high valuable application. The work presented a clean and simple way to prepare biodegradable nano-lignocellulosic membrane with high mechanical strength and water barrier property using nano-lignocellulose derived from wheat straw. Wheat straw was soaked in aqueous solution of urea at 90 °C for 24 h and fibrillated with boiling to obtain urea treated nano-lignocellulose (UNLC). Moreover, starch soluble (SS) latex was mixed with the UNLC slurry for binding the reinforcement for preparing the novel membrane (UNLC/SS). High speed centrifugation realized stratification of the chemical composition from wheat straw. Waxy and lignin as hydrophobic component was located at the surface of the developed membrane, which improved the water barrier property of the membrane. Water contact angle of the lignocellulosic membrane was beyond 110°. The hydrogen bond formation between the starch and cellulose increased the mechanical property of the novel biodegradable membrane. The tensile strength of the nano-lignocellulosic membrane increased from 7.6 MPa to 27.4 MPa. As the high strength, hydrophobic, transparent, biodegradable performance, the bio-composite membrane has many potential industrial applications.

Current Options in the Valorisation of Vine Pruning Residue for the Production of Biofuels, Biopolymers, Antioxidants, and Bio-Composites following the Concept of Biorefinery: A Review.

Europe is considered the largest producer of wine worldwide, showing a high market potential. Several wastes are generated at the different stages of the wine production process, namely, vine pruning, stalks, and grape marc. Typically, these residues are not used and are commonly discarded. Portugal generates annually approximately 178 thousand metric tons of wine production waste. In this context, the interest in redirecting the use of these residues has increased due to overproduction, great availability, and low costs. The utilization of these lignocellulosic biomasses derived from the wine industry would economically benefit the producers, while mitigating impacts on the environment. These by-products can be submitted to pre-treatments (physical, chemical, and biological) for the separation of different compounds with high industrial interest, reducing the waste of agro-industrial activities and increasing industrial profitability. Particularly, vine-pruning residue, besides being a source of sugar, has high nutritional value and may serve as a source of phenolic compounds. These compounds can be obtained by bioconversion, following a concept of biorefinery. In this framework, the current routes of the valorisation of the pruning residues will be addressed and put into a circular economy context.

A REVIEW: POTENTIAL OF DURIO ZIBETHINUS L. (DURIAN) WASTE

The fresh arils of durian fruits contained approximately one-third of the fruit’s total weight; the remainder of the fruit, including the rinds and seeds, is considered waste. As a result, researchers investigated and studied the potential for these wastes to be processed into products or value-added products in various industries. This review aimed to discuss the potential for waste products of D. zibethinus to be converted into value-added products in a variety of areas. An extensive literature study was done on various search engines. Related previous research was selected for discovering the potential of D. zibethinus waste. This review found four fields of studies that gained interest in the invention of value-added products by using D. zibethinus waste, including activated carbon precursor, bio-composite product, bio-based polymer product, and bioethanol production. As Malaysia is growing in the food waste industry, more study needs to be done to successfully invent new value-added products from D. zibethinus waste such as rind and seed. The effort of this study could help in reducing unused D. zibethinus waste.

Sustainable building materials based on hemp shives and geopolymer paste

European regulations states that the construction industry must encourage the rational and prudent use of non-renewable natural resources, as well as and increase the use of reusable resources and promote the use of renewable natural resources in production. Bio-compositesbased on natural aggregates such as hemp shives are widely studied and used in building sector due to their extensive properties of a range that primarily is so wide, as hempshives are increasingly combined with various binders and as their production technology is evolving rapidly. In this study three series of geopolymer paste (GP) samples were studied to obtain the most suitable binder for the production of hemp shive-based bio-composites, as well as a bio-composites were created from the most suitable binder and described their compressive strength and thermal conductivity performance.

Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose-alginate biocomposites as food packaging material

Biocomposite of bacterial cellulose-alginate has been developed for use as food packaging material. This study aims to understand the physical and mechanical properties of the biocomposite produced from static fermentation of Gluconacetobacter xylinus InaCC B404 in media supplemented with alginate. The strain was grown in a medium containing alginate at a concentration of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2% w/v at 30oC for 7 days. The SEM images showed that bacterial cellulose produced in a medium supplemented with alginate had a denser structure of fibril network and a smaller pore size than the control one. The structure change was due to interactions through hydrogen bonds between bacterial cellulose and alginate proven by FTIR spectra, resulting in a decrease in crystallinity and crystallite size of bacterial cellulose. It led to the decrease in tensile and tear strength of the resulting biocomposite. Alginate also causes biocomposite to have higher water vapour permeability values.

Fully Biobased Reactive Extrusion of Biocomposites Based on PLA Blends and Hazelnut Shell Powders (HSP)

The production of biocomposites based on natural fiber waste and biopolymers is constantly increasing because of their renewability, biodegradability, and the accordance with the circular economy principles. The aim of this work is to contrast the disadvantages in the production of biocomposites, such as reduction of molecular weight through the use of biobased chain extenders. For this purpose, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and dicarboxylic acids (DCAs) were used to contrast the slight chain scission observed in a poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) binary blend caused by the melt mixing with hazelnut shell powder (HSP). Two different dimensions of HSPs were considered in this study as well as different concentrations of the ESO/DCA system, comparing succinic acid and malic acid as dicarboxylic acids. Melt viscosity parameters, such as torque and melt volume rate (MVR), were measured to investigate the chain extender effect during the extrusion. In addition, the reactivity of the ESO/DCA system was investigated through infrared spectroscopy. The effect of chain extenders on thermal properties, in particular on the crystallinity of PLA, and on mechanical properties of final biocomposites was investigated to understand their potentialities in industrial application. Results of this study evidenced a modest increase in melt viscosity due to ESO/malic acid chain extension system, but only for the HSP with the lower dimension (so the higher surface area) and adding 0.5 wt.% of ESO/malic acid. Thus, the slight chain scission of polyesters, not significantly affecting the final properties of these biocomposites, is the most relevant effect that was revealed in this complex reactive system.

Poly(Lactic) Acid Reinforced with Alkaline Lignin Biocomposites Prepared by Thermal Extrusion for Sustainable 3D Printing Process

The focus of this work is the mechanical characterization of biomaterials produced by 3D printing based on fused filament fabrication (FFF) process that has been mainly used for prototype rather than functional components due to the limited mechanical properties of pure thermoplastics parts. Addition of reinforcements from natural fiber has been adopted to improve the mechanical properties of the 3D printed parts. In this study, alkaline lignin powder that has been extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) via alkaline extraction process were used as filler in the production of biocomposites with poly(lactic) acid (PLA). Poly(lactic) acid filaments filled with 1% of alkaline lignin powder and has been compared with the presence of 5% of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) by means of thermal extrusion and further proceed with 3D printing. The samples were mechanically characterized using tensile tests and the fractography were observed. Tensile test that has been done on the filaments reveal that the filament with addition of lignin and EPO shows improved mechanical properties with higher tensile strength as well as lower stiffness. The 3D printed samples of the filament compositions also exhibit similar trend where the said filament has the best mechanical properties when the EPO is incorporated in the filament.

Two-Photon Polymerization of Albumin Hydrogel Nanowires Strengthened with Graphene Oxide.

Multifunctional biomaterials can pave a way to novel types of micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems providing benefits in mimicking of biological functions in implantable, wearable structures. The production of biocomposites that hold both superior electrical and mechanical properties is still a challenging task. In this study, we aim to fabricate 3D printed hydrogel from a biocomposite of bovine serum albumin with graphene oxide (BSA@GO) using femtosecond laser processing. We have developed the method for functional BSA@GO composite nanostructuring based on both two-photon polymerization of nanofilaments and direct laser writing. The atomic-force microscopy was used to probe local electrical and mechanical properties of hydrogel BSA@GO nanowires. The improved local mechanical properties demonstrate synergistic effect in interaction of femtosecond laser pulses and novel composite structure.

Biogenic Synthesis of Self-Incorporated Indium Graphitic Composites from Electronic Waste Using Eleocharis acicularis

Phytoextraction uses plants to accumulate valuable elements into their biomass from soil or water. The hyperaccumulator plant Eleocharis acicularis was used to extract indium, a strategic element, from end-of-life liquid crystal display (LCD) waste. Plants were exposed to 300 and 600 mg indium/L indium tin oxide (ITO) solutions at pH 5 for 15 days. Indium biomass accumulation levels were 58.9 ± 0.0 and 122.4 ± 13.8 mg indium/g dry weight, respectively. To simulate real-world e-waste phytomining, plants were exposed to a suspension with 800 g LCD particles/L at pH 3. Indium uptake after 15 days of exposure was 52.8 ± 0.9 mg indium/g biomass dry weight. Additionally, E. acicularis tolerated high acidity and salinity (up to 20 g salt/L and pH 3), making it a good candidate for metal phytoextraction from e-waste. The resulting indium-containing biomass was then submitted to pyrolysis, which produced a layered graphite-like material containing dispersed indium and characterized by higher electrical conductivity (1.47 ± 0.45 S/m) than commercial graphite under similar conditions. Our results showed for the first time that E. acicularis is efficient in the extraction of indium from e-waste and that indium-exposed biomass can be used as a precursor for production of high-value metal graphite biocomposites.

Biorefinery aspects for cost-effective production of nanocellulose and high value-added biocomposites

Biomass waste can originate from a range of sectors, including agricultural, forestry, aquatic, and industrial waste. In order to establish a cost-effective biorefinery technology for industrializing nanocellulose-derived biomaterials, optimization of various factors affecting bioprocess is necessary. This article presents an overview of various cost-effective and greener enzymatic preparation strategies, mechanism of cellulose deconstruction and reconstruction, as well as the factors affecting bioprocesses is presented. It also discusses the role of endoglucanase, cellubiohydrolase and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases in the enzymatic hydrolysis of process of cellulose. The potential applications of nanocellulose biocomposites in various promising fields are further presented and discussed in detail.

Mechanical Characteristic and Water Absorption Property of Bio Composite from Sago Starch and Jute Fiber (Boehmeria Nivea) as the filler

Environmentally friendly plastics can be degraded biologically in an anaerobic environment. This plastic is synthesized from starch such as sago starch which is available in abundance. In the form of bioplastics, its mechanical properties are still not compared to conventional plastics derived from crude oil, so its application is limited. The incorporation of filler material increases its mechanical properties, one of the selected fillers is hemp fiber as used in this study. Thermoplastic starch from sago with flax fiber as a filler and the addition of Polypropylene to improve mechanical properties with a certain composition to maintain its natural biodegradability. The mechanical properties analyzed were tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity. Water absorption tests were also carried out to observe the water resistance properties. The results of the tensile strength test showed that the best tensile strength value of 9.32 Mpa was obtained at the addition of 35% fiber with a TPS: PP ratio of 1:1.5. The same conditions were obtained for the percent elongation with the results of 10.16% and the modulus of elasticity was 91.73 Mpa. Water absorption showed that 55% filler gave the lowest water absorption, namely 4.41% at a ratio of TPS: PP 1:0.5. The addition of fiber filler into the bio-composite affects the tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity, the higher the volume of filler entering the bio-composite, the lower the value of tensile strength, elongation and modulus of elasticity, or vice versa. The ratio of addition of polypropylene matrix is also influential, the higher the ratio contributes to the tensile strength, elongation and higher modulus of elasticity. High water absorption capacity will reduce the performance of biocomposite, so the lower the water absorption ability, the better the quality of the biocomposite product and the wider its application

Novel biocomposite from polyamide 11 and jute fibres: the significance of fibre modification with SiO2 nanoparticles

AbstractJute fibres (JFs) and polyamide 11 (PA11) are naturally originated materials that, individually, have been widely employed for the manufacture of biocomposites. However, their simultaneous use in an environmentally friendly JFs/PA11 biocomposite that combines the advantages of both materials has received little attention. Therefore, this study investigated the possible fabrication of a biocomposite based on JFs and PA11. Since the dispersion, adhesion and interfacial interaction between JFs and resin matrix are usually poor, the possibility of improving those characteristics was explored via chemical modification. Accordingly, two modification routes were used: alkali treatment and SiO2 nanoparticle deposition. Both modified and unmodified fibres were blended with PA11 for biocomposite production. Various techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, mechanical property analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize fibre and biocomposite samples. The results indicated that thermal and mechanical stability of JFs were considerably improved as a result of modification. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of unmodified fibres was 303.75 MPa and 12.32 GPa, which then increased to 483.66 MPa and 483.66 GPa, respectively, as a result of SiO2 nanoparticle deposition on the fibre surface. Because of SiO2 nanoparticle modification, the interaction and adhesion between JFs and PA11 matrix were improved, which led to increases of 58.3%, 11.7% and 45.9% in tensile strength, impact strength and Young's modulus. The success of this study provides a novel route to produce a complete biocomposite from JFs and PA11, which could become a promising alternative to conventional synthetic polymer composites. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.

Properties of Biocomposites Produced with Thermoplastic Starch and Digestate: Physicochemical and Mechanical Characteristics.

This paper presents the results of a study on the influence of the addition of digestate (DG) sludge from an agricultural biogas plant on the mechanical properties of the coating obtained from thermoplastic starch (TPS). The dried, fragmented digestate, some of which had previously undergone ultrasound treatment, is used in the study. Biocomposites are produced by the pouring method using Teflon moulds as matrices. The physicomechanical study included the determination of the basic parameters of the materials obtained. Strength parameters, the contact angle, thermogravimetric properties (TGA), colour and colour difference and moisture absorption are determined. Photographs of the surface of the samples are taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well. It is found that the addition of the digestate has an advantageous effect on improving the physical and mechanical parameters. In general, samples with digestate also have a higher strength compared to the pure TPS material. The highest tensile strength and Young’s modulus are found in samples with the 14 wt% addition of ultrasound-treated digestate. On the basis of this study, it can be concluded that the addition of digestate is a promising approach for the production of TPS biocomposites with superior mechanical properties.

Rice waste–based polymer composites for packaging applications: A review

Rice wastes are abundant, low-cost, cellulosic-based materials. The potential of using rice waste such as husk, straw, and bran in bio-composite production is a crucial target of the composite industry. Chemical composition is the main factor that offers diverse possible applications of rice wastes in bio-composite-based materials. Eco-friendly products of bio-composite polymers can be produced by reinforcing and filling polymer matrices with high cellulosic content materials such as rice waste. From manufacturing point of view, rice wastes can be used to reduce the production cost of polymer-based products and meet the requirements for green packaging materials.

Rice husk Var. ‘Morelos A-2010’ as an eco-friendly alternative for the waste management converting them cellulose and nanocellulose

ABSTRACT The lack of environmental awareness of agricultural producers is one of the challenges facing the problem of agro-industrial waste, coupled with few resources allocated to the development of new technologies and poor government policies for the management of such waste. An important potential has recently been recognised, with the obtaining of cellulose as the basis of the production of nano biocomposites. The objective of this work was the obtaining and characterisation of cellulose and nanocellulose from agro-industrial residues of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Var. ‘Morelos A-2010’, in Morelos state. The methodology used included the analysis of husk samples with three replicas, ground and sieved, which were processed by alkaline extraction (NaOH) 5%, bleaching with sodium hypochlorite 1%, followed by a pretreatment with hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.65%. After drying, the cellulose was subjected to acid hydrolysis with (H2SO4) at 64% and then a sonication process, washings with low centrifugation and final drying of the fibre. The final product was characterised by spectrum in (FTIR), (DSC) and visualisation of its morphology, by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed potential yields of 29 to 41% cellulose and a purity similar to the commercial standard of crystalline cellulose, which evidenced the possibility of using this agro-industrial by- product of Var rice. ‘Morelos A-2010’ as a source for obtaining nanocellulose in the region.

Sustainably Processed Waste Wool Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites for Agriculture and Packaging Applications

In the EU, sheep bred for dairy and meat purposes are of low quality, their economic value is not even enough to cover shearing costs, and their wool is generally seen as a useless by-product of sheep farming, resulting in large illegal disposal or landfilling. In order to minimize environmental and health-related problems considering elemental compositions of discarded materials such as waste wool, there is a need to recycle and reuse waste materials to develop sustainable innovative technologies and transformation processes to achieve sustainable manufacturing. This study aims to examine the application of waste wool in biocomposite production with the help of a sustainable hydrolysis process without any chemicals and binding material. The impact of superheated water hydrolysis and mixing hydrolyzed wool fibers with kraft pulp on the performance of biocomposite was investigated and characterized using SEM, FTIR, tensile strength, DSC, TGA, and soil burial testing in comparison with 100% kraft pulp biocomposite. The superheated water hydrolysis process increases the hydrophilicity and homogeneity and contributes to increasing the speed of biodegradation. The biocomposite is entirely self-supporting, provides primary nutrients for soil nourishment, and is observed to be completely biodegradable when buried in the soil within 90 days. Among temperatures tested for superheated water hydrolysis of raw wool, 150 °C seems to be the most appropriate for the biocomposite preparation regarding physicochemical properties of wool and suitability for wool mixing with cellulose. The combination of a sustainable hydrolysis process and the use of waste wool in manufacturing an eco-friendly, biodegradable paper/biocomposite will open new potential opportunities for the utilization of waste wool in agricultural and packaging applications and minimize environmental impact.

Electrospun cellulose fibers from ionic liquid: Practical implications toward robust morphology

AbstractFibrous matrix of cellulose was obtained by wet‐type electrospinning of cellulose in ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate (BMIMAc). The experiments were designed to determine the effects of electric field intensity and the amount of dissolved cellulose on cellulose fiber morphology and diameter. Taking to account practical implications, that is, fiber size and the effectiveness of production, the most effective production of fibers took place using 3% cellulose/BMIMAc solution at electric field of 4.8 kV cm−1, feed rate of 2.38 ml h−1. Analysis has shown that cellulose was fully dissolved and consisted purely of regenerated cellulose (type II), while having porosity of 90% and average fiber width of 1.95 ± 0.9 μm. The scanning electron microscopy and micro‐computed tomography analyses revealed a robust structural integrity of the formed fibrous matrix, which featured an area density of 85 ± 8 g/m2. The mechanical properties (strength of 12.03 ± 1.1 MPa; strain at break 2.6 ± 0.3%) indicate that in this study strong fibrous cellulose matrix was formed which could be used for the production of biocomposites or as biocompatible scaffolds.

Practical guidelines for designing recycling, collaborative, and scalable business models: A case study of reusing textile fibers into biocomposite products

Our current take-make-dispose economic model faces a vital challenge as it extracts resources from the natural environment at faster rates than that the natural environment can replenish. A circular economy where businesses lower their negative impact on the natural environment by transitioning towards recycling business models (RBMs), one of the four principles of circularity, is suggested as a promising solution. For a RBM to become viable, collaboration among several stakeholders and across several industries is required. In addition, the RBM should be scalable to make a positive impact. Hence, developing RBMs is complex as organizations need to consider multiple principles imposed by the recycling, collaborative, and scalability dimensions of these business models (BMs). In addition, these principles often remain general and not actionable to the practitioners. Therefore, in this study, we researched the practical guidelines for viable RBMs that are also collaborative and scalable. The empirical setting is the reuse of textile fibers to develop biocomposite products. We studied three cases using a research-through-design approach. We contribute to the literature on RBMs by showing the six minimum practical guidelines for recyclability, collaboration, and scalability. We draw implications for within sector collaborations and advance the thought that lease constructs challenge the scalability of RBM.