Biocompatibility Characteristics Research Articles

A Transient Photoelectric Spiking Neuron Based on a Highly Robust MgO Composite Threshold Switching Memristor for Selective UV Perception

AbstractThe biological photoreceptors in the retina convert light information into spikes, inspiring the emergence of artificial photoelectric spiking neurons. However, due to the lack of biocompatible and biodegradable characteristics, artificial photoelectric spiking neurons based on threshold switching (TS) devices are not available for bio‐integrated optical medical diagnostics and neuromorphic computing. Here, an artificial photoelectric spiking neuron integrated with a physically transient memristor and photodetector for UV perception is proposed. The transient memristor with a MgO:Mg resistive layer implemented by the co‐sputtering process of MgO and Mg targets shows highly robust TS performance, while the ZnO‐based transient photodetector can selectively detect UV light at power densities below 10 mW cm−2. More interestingly, the frequency of the firing spikes generated by artificial photoelectric spiking neuron increases with the enhancement of UV light intensity. In addition, the recognition accuracy of UV information extracted from the surrounding environment reaches ≈99.8% by spiking neural network consisting of photoelectric spiking neuron when the object that blended into the background are not easily detected. This work demonstrates that the functions of the biological photoreceptors may be truly mimicked by artificial photoelectric spiking neuron with transiency, expanding its application in optical disease diagnosis and implantable visual neuromorphic computing.

Fabrication and simulation of silicon nanogaps pH sensor as preliminary study for Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) detection

In this research, a silicon nanogap biosensor has the potential to play a significant role in the field of biosensors for detecting Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) molecules due to its unique nanostructure morphology, biocompatibility features, and electrical capabilities. Additionally, as preliminary research for RBP4, a silicon nanogap biosensor with unique molecular gate control for pH measurement was developed. Firstly, using conventional lithography followed by the Reactive-ion etching (RIE) technique, a nanofabrication approach was utilized to produce silicon nanogaps from silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. The critical aspects contributing to the process and size reduction procedures were highlighted to achieve nanometer-scale size. The resulting silicon nanogaps, ranging from 100 nm to 200 nm, were fabricated precisely on the device. Secondly, pH level detection was performed using several types of standard aqueous pH buffer solutions (pH 6, pH 7, pH 12) to test the electrical response of the device. The sensitivity of the silicon nanogap pH sensor was 7.66 pS/pH (R² = 0.97), indicating that the device has a wide range of pH detecting capacity. This also includes the silicon nanogap biosensor validated by simulation, with the sensitivity obtained being 3.24 μA/e.cm² (R² = 0.98). The simulation of the sensitivity is based on the interface charge (Qf) that represents the concentration of RBP4. The results reveal that the silicon nanogap biosensor has excellent characteristics for detecting pH levels and RBP4 with outstanding sensitivity performance. In conclusion, this silicon nanogap biosensor can be used as a new electrical RBP4 biosensor for biomedical diagnostic applications in the future.

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Structural, Chemical, Bioactivity and Biocompatibility Characteristics of Bioactive Glass-Polymer Composite Film.

Gamma irradiation is an effective technique for biocomposite films intended for application in tissue engineering (TE) to ensure sterility and patient safety prior to clinical applications. This study proposed a biocomposite film composed of natural polymer chitosan (CS) and synthetic polymer poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) reinforced with sol-gel-derived bioactive glass (BG) for potential application in TE. The BG/PCL/CS biocomposite film was sterilized using 25 kGy gamma rays, and subsequent changes in its characteristics were analyzed through mechanical and physical assessment, bioactivity evaluation via immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and biocompatibility examination using human primary dermal fibroblasts (HPDFs). Results indicated a homogeneous distribution of BG particles within the BG/PCL/CS polymer matrix which enhanced bioactivity, and the polymer blend provide a structurally stable film. Gamma irradiation induced an increase in the film's surface roughness due to photo-oxidative degradation; however, this did not adversely affect the integrity of glass particles and polymer chains. Invitro assessments demonstrated hydroxyapatite formation on the film's surface, suggesting bioactivity. Biocompatibility testing confirmed enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. These multifunctional properties highlight the potential of the fabricated BG/PCL/CS biocomposite film for TE and regenerative medicine applications.

Multi-shell gold nanoparticles functionalized with methotrexate: a novel nanotherapeutic approach for improved antitumoral and antioxidant activity and enhanced biocompatibility

Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist routinely used in cancer treatment, characterized by poor water solubility and low skin permeability. These issues could be mitigated by using drug delivery systems, such as functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), known for their versatility and unique properties. This study aimed to develop multi-shell AuNPs functionalized with MTX for the improvement of MTX antitumoral, antioxidant, and biocompatibility features. Stable phosphine-coated AuNPs were synthesized and functionalized with tailored polyethylene glycol (PEG) and short-branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) moieties, followed by MTX covalent binding. Physicochemical characterization by UV–vis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the synthesis at each step. The antioxidant activity of functionalized AuNPs was determined using DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric ions’ reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were assessed using MTT and LDH assays on HaCaT human keratinocytes and CAL27 squamous cell carcinoma. MTX functionalized AuNPs demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity and a pronounced cytotoxic effect on the tumoral cells compared to their individual components, highlighting their potential for improving cancer therapy.

Insights into glucose-derived carbon dot synthesis via Maillard reaction: from reaction mechanism to biomedical applications

Carbon dots (CDs) are versatile nanomaterials that are considered ideal for application in bioimaging, drug delivery, sensing, and optoelectronics owing to their excellent photoluminescence, biocompatibility, and chemical stability features. Nitrogen doping enhances the fluorescence of CDs, alters their electronic properties, and improves their functional versatility. N-doped CDs can be synthesized via solvothermal treatment of carbon sources with nitrogen-rich precursors; however, systematic investigations of their synthesis mechanisms have been rarely reported. In this study, we developed a method to synthesize N-doped CDs using the Maillard reaction with glucose and ethanolamine as precursors (namely, G-CDs). Comprehensive characterization of these G-CDs revealed the successful incorporation of nitrogen- and glucose-like functionalities. The optical properties and electronic band structures of G-CDs were analyzed using transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The prepared G-CDs demonstrated near-infrared photoluminescence, low cytotoxicity, glucose transporter-facilitated cellular uptake, and effective heat generation under an 808-nm laser. Particularly, the cellular uptake of G-CDs was reduced by up to 25% after preincubation with a Glut1 inhibitor. These features are suitable for in vitro biological imaging and photothermal therapy in prostate cancer cells. This paper highlights the potential of G-CDs in clinical applications owing to their multicolor emission, photothermal conversion functionality, and versatile surface structure.

ANALYSIS OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF MATERIALS FOR NON-REMOVABLE AESTHETIC PROSTHETIC STRUCTURES

Background. Currently, zirconium dioxide and metal-free ceramics are widely used in orthopedic dentistry. Studying the surfaces of these materials at the microand nanoscale is becoming increasingly important in dental research, allowing us to uncover the complex interactions between dental materials and oral tissues. Atomic force microscopy allows us to study the influence of microand nanoscale features of the surface of materials on bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and osseointegration processes. Contact angle analysis characterizes surface energy and hydrophobicity, which are the basis for models of protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and interaction of oral fluid with the surface of the teeth. Such studies prove the effect of wetting dental materials on their interaction with oral fluid, blood, and other biological fluids in the oral cavity. The main goal experimentally study and substantiate the biocompatibility characteristics of dental materials, namely zirconium dioxide, metal ceramics and press ceramics. Materials and methods. Studied the biocompatibility of aesthetic structural materials, such as zirconia, press ceramics, and metal ceramics, and their bio adhesion using atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. The examined patients were divided into 2 clinical groups. The 1st group included 30 patients with aesthetic defects of the hard tissues, who were treated with generally accepted methods of manufacturing metal-free structures during orthopedic treatment. The 2nd group included 30 patients with aesthetic defects of the hard tissues, who underwent examination and orthopedic treatment with metal-free structures according to the proposed methods. Results. Zirconium dioxide and metal ceramics show similar values of the wetting angle, which indicates a similar value of surface energy. The contact angle for zirconium dioxide is 86.5 units. Press ceramics have a significantly lower wetting angle (40.7 units), which indicates higher surface energy and better wettability. The “PBI” (papillary bleeding index) in patients of group 2 after 6 and 12 months was significantly better than the index after orthopedic treatment in patients of group 1 the Silness-Loe hygiene index 6 and 12 months after orthopedic treatment was significantly better in patients of group 2 who received the proposed treatment and was 0.3±0.06 and 0.32±0.06 points. Conclusions. The use of non-removable structures based on zirconium dioxide and press ceramics helps to reduce the development of inflammatory processes in the tissues of the marginal periodontium, due to lower protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Clinical studies confirm the high clinical effectiveness of the use of non-removable aesthetic structures of prostheses based on zirconium dioxide and press ceramics, in particular, the RVI and Silness-Loe indices in patients of group 2 are significantly better than in patients of group 1 in the long term (after 6 and 12 months) after treatment.

Exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9: A revolutionary approach to cancer gene editing.

Several molecular strategies based on targeted gene delivery systems have been developed in recent years; however, the CRISPR-Cas9 technology introduced a new era of targeted gene editing, precisely modifying oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and other regulatory genes involved in carcinogenesis. However, efficiently and safely delivering CRISPR-Cas9 to cancer cells across the cell membrane and the nucleus is still challenging. Using viral vectors and nanoparticles presents issues of immunogenicity, off-target effects, and low targeting affinity. Naturally, extracellular vesicles called exosomes have garnered the most attention as delivery vehicles in oncology-related CRISPR-Cas9 calls due to their biocompatibility, loading capacity, and inherent targeting features. The following review discusses the current progress in using exosomes to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 components, the approaches to load the CRISPR components into exosomes, and the modification of exosomes to increase stability and tumor-targeted delivery. We discuss the latest strategies in targeting recently accomplished in the exosome field, including modifying the surface of exosomes to enhance their internalization by cancer cells, as well as the measures taken to overcome the impacts of TME on delivery efficiency. Focusing on in vitro and in vivo experimentation, this review shows that exosome-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 can potentially treat cancer types, including pancreatic, lymphoma, and leukemia, for given gene targets. This paper compares exosome-mediated delivery and conventional vectors regarding safety, immune response, and targeting ability. Last but not least, we present the major drawbacks and potential development of the seemingly promising field of exosome engineering in gene editing, with references to CRISPR technologies and applications that may help make the target exosomes therapeutic in oncology.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications

Piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) has surfaced as an innovative technology for supplying power to low‐power electronic devices by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. This technology utilizes the piezoelectric effect, in which specific materials produce an electric charge when they experience mechanical stress. Piezoelectric materials can be categorized into three main types: single crystal, composite, and polymeric. Single‐crystal materials exhibit elevated piezoelectric coefficients and stability; however, they tend to be costly and fragile. Composite materials integrate piezoelectric ceramics with polymer matrices, enhancing flexibility and lowering costs. Polymeric materials exhibit lightweight, flexible, and biocompatibility characteristics, rendering them ideal for wearable and implantable applications. Although PEH presents considerable promise, it is essential to tackle challenges, including low power output, material constraints, and environmental influences. Future investigations will focus on creating innovative materials that exhibit improved piezoelectric characteristics, refining device architecture for optimal energy conversion, and incorporating piezoelectric harvesting technology into intelligent systems. By addressing these challenges and investigating creative solutions, PEH can significantly advance sustainable and self‐powered electronic devices.

Functional Mechanical Behavior and Biocompatible Characteristics of Graphene-Coated Cardiovascular Stents

Functional Mechanical Behavior and Biocompatible Characteristics of Graphene-Coated Cardiovascular Stents

Isolation of Biomolecules Using MXenes.

Biomolecule isolation is a crucial process in diverse biomedical and biochemical applications, including diagnostics, therapeutics, research, and manufacturing. Recently, MXenes, a novel class of two-dimensional nanomaterials, have emerged as promising adsorbents for this purpose due to their unique physicochemical properties. These biocompatible and antibacterial nanomaterials feature a high aspect ratio, excellent conductivity, and versatile surface chemistry. This timely review explores the potential of MXenes for isolating a wide range of biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, while highlighting key future research trends and innovative applications poised to transform the field. This review provides an in-depth discussion of various synthesis methods and functionalization techniques that enhance the specificity and efficiency of MXenes in biomolecule isolation. In addition, the mechanisms by which MXenes interact with biomolecules are elucidated, offering insights into their selective adsorption and customized separation capabilities. This review also addresses recent advancements, identifies existing challenges, and examines emerging trends that may drive the next wave of innovation in this rapidly evolving area.

A Biodegradable and Biocompatible Dental Hemostatic Gelatin Sponge Containing Aloe Vera Nanoparticles; Investigation in Rat Animal Model.

A variety of hemostatic materials have been provided to accelerate the blood clotting process in dentistry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biocompatibility and biodegradability of a hemostatic dental sponge containing aloe vera nanoparticles in rat animal models. Twelve adult Wistar rats in the weight range of 200 ± 30 grams and the same age range were randomly divided into two groups of test and control, and each group was divided into three subgroups of 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days. For implantation of the sponge, the animals were anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine, and a piece of the sponge was implanted under the skin at the cut site. In the control group of rats, only the skin was cut and sutured. After the specified number of days, the rats were anesthetized, and in addition to blood sampling, a tissue sample was taken from the animal's surgical site and fixed in 10% formalin. Then the samples were examined in macroscopic and microscopic conditions and finally, the obtained data were statistically analyzed. The results obtained in the present study indicated that the hemostat sponge had no side effects (biocompatible). In addition, it was completely absorbed during the 14 days of the study (biodegradable). According to the characteristics of biocompatibility and biodegradability, the studied sponge can be used to control bleeding during dental surgeries or tooth extraction.

Advances in polysaccharide-based materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications: A comprehensive review.

Polysaccharides, the most abundant biopolymers in nature, have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians due to its practicality in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. These biomaterials have high bioavailability and play structural and functional roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides are classified into several groups based on their origin, including plant polysaccharides and marine polysaccharides (like chitosan, hyaluronic acid, dextran, alginates, etc.) with specific applications. These biopolymers possess unique physicochemical (such as surface functional groups, solubility, and stability), mechanical (like mechanical strength and tensile), and biomedical (such as antioxidant activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and non-immunogenicity) characteristics which have made them excellent platforms for a wide variety of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Ease of extraction and different preparation approaches are mentioned as other potential properties of polysaccharides that further improved their practicality in biomedical sciences. They have high drug/bioactive encapsulation capacity and sustained/controlled release manner in in vivo microenvironments. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation, stimuli-responsive drug/bioactive release, and passive and active drug/bioactive delivery are considered the potential features of these biopolymers in pharmaceutical sciences. Polysaccharides have indicated practical applications in biomedical sciences, including biosensors, tissue engineering, implantation, wound healing, vascular grafting, and vaccines. This review highlights the advances of polysaccharide-based materials in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences.

Evaluation of Antibacterial (Antibiofilm) Activity Potential of ZnONPs Coated on Wound Dressing Cloth

Introduction: In light of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the necessity for efficient wound treatment, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have garnered interest for their potent antibacterial and antibiofilm characteristics. This study examines the incorporation of green synthesized ZnONPs into wound dressing fabric to inhibit bacterial colonization and biofilm development, and significant obstacles in wound healing. The present study aims to assess the antibacterial efficacy of plant-mediated and pre-synthesized as well as characterized ZnONPs against opportunistic bacterial pathogens to create more effective wound dressings that facilitate expedited, infectionfree recovery. Methods: The antibacterial efficiency of this green-mediated ZnONPs coated wound dressing material against the opportunistic Gram-positive and negative bacterial pathogens were checked. Various concentrations (0.20, 0.40, and 0.60%) of ZnONPs were used to coat the dressing material. This ZnONPs antibacterial activity was analyzed quantitatively by various time intervals (4-24 hr) and incubated as per the standard bacterial growth conditions. Results: The findings show that 20 hr after incubation, Gram-negative bacterial growth was inhibited on dressing cloth coated with 0.60% ZnONPs, while Gram-positive bacteria inhibition was observed 24 hr after incubation on dressing cloth coated with 0.40% ZnONPs. These findings suggest that 0.40% and 0.60% ZnONPs significantly kill both groups of opportunistic pathogens. Discussion: Bacterial infections as well as biofilm formation on wound surfaces significantly impede effective healing, resulting in chronic wounds and elevated healthcare expenses. Conventional wound dressings frequently exhibit inadequate antimicrobial efficacy, particularly against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. ZnONPs have attracted interest owing to their strong antibacterial, antibiofilm, and biocompatibility characteristics. This study assesses the efficacy of ZnONPs-coated wound dressings in suppressing bacterial proliferation and biofilm development, potentially providing a remedy for infectionassociated complications in wound care. The results may facilitate the creation of more efficient wound dressings, thereby decreasing infection rates and enhancing patient outcomes in clinical environments. Conclusion: Thus, these ZnONPs could be employed as an antibiofilm/antibacterial coating material in wound dressing cloths to prevent secondary opportunistic bacterial infections.

Dynamic Imine Chemistry Enables Paintable Biogel Electrolytes to Shield On-Body Zinc-Ion Batteries from Interfacial Interference.

On-body batteries with hydrogel electrolytes are a pivotal enabling technology to drive bioelectronics for healthcare and sports, yet they are prone to failure due to dynamic interfacial interference, accompanied by e-waste production. Here, dynamic imine chemistry is proposed to design on-electrode paintable biogel electrolytes that feature temperature-controlled reversible phase transition (gelling within 1.5 min) and ultrafast self-healing capability (6 s), establishing a dynamically self-adaptive interface on cyclically deforming electrodes for shielding on-body Zn-ion batteries from interfacial interference. Consequently, the deformed Zn anode shows an exceptional cycling stability of 400 h regardless of the bending radius, and the as-assembled Zn-I2 battery delivers sufficient durability to endure 5000 deformation cycles, together extending to 1300 h and 15 000 deformation cycles via dynamically restarting the interfacial electric field, respectively. Also, the features of recyclability, biodegradation, and biocompatibility make the proposed on-body Zn-I2 batteries appealing in terms of sustainability and biosafety, enabling their successful power supply of heart rate monitors in sports. This work demonstrates the promise of dynamic biogel chemistry for green and biorelated energy-storage systems.

Tissue Engineering with Hyaluronic-Acid : Advances Application of Skin Regeneration Bone and Cartilage Repair

One method that has shown promise for healing damaged tissues is tissue engineering. The naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA) has drawn interest because of its potential applications in the regeneration of skin, cartilage, and bone. The purpose of this study was to find out how well HA-based scaffolds work to encourage tissue repair and regeneration. We created and examined HA-based hydrogels, assessing their bioactivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical characteristics. Comparing HA-based scaffolds to controls, our findings showed increased tissue development, differentiation, and cell proliferation. HA-based constructions demonstrated noteworthy improvements in bone and cartilage regeneration in vivo, accompanied by notable increases in tissue integration and collagen deposition. These results demonstrate the potential of HA-based tissue engineering for the repair of bone, cartilage, and skin, providing a viable therapeutic approach for a range of dermatological and musculoskeletal applications.

Green 3D printing: Portable, wearable, and antibacterial photosynthetic material for the crowded world

A specialized green 3D printing protocol for moss was developed by integrating aerogel and hydrogel with a mild in situ hydrothermal nano-modification process. The method combines the lightweight and insulating properties of aerogel with the moisturizing and biocompatible characteristics of hydrogel, resulting in a robust and efficient platform for moss growth. These products offer significant space-saving advantages and are designed to be both durable and convenient. By enhancing photosynthesis, they contribute to improving air quality and promoting environmental health in various crowded spaces, making them a practical solution for urban environments and other high-density areas.

Biosafety and pharmacokinetic characteristics of polyethylene pyrrolidone modified nano selenium in rats

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the biocompatibility and pharmacokinetic characteristics of polyvinyl pyrrolidone-modified selenium nanoparticles (PVP-Se NPs). Understanding the biosafety of PVP-Se NPs is crucial due to their potential applications in mitigating oxidative stress-related diseases and improving drug delivery systems.MethodsSelenium nanoparticles were prepared using a sodium selenite solution, followed by PVP modification. Particle size analysis was conducted using dynamic light scattering (DLS), and particle morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Different concentrations of PVP-Se NPs were intraperitoneally injected into SD rats, and the survival rate was observed. Liver and kidney tissues, urine, feces, and blood samples were collected at the highest safe dose, and the concentration of selenium ions was measured.ResultsThe average particle size of PVP-Se NPs was 278.4 ± 124.8 nm, exhibiting a semi-spherical shape. The maximum safe dose of PVP-Se NPs for intraperitoneal injection in rats was approximately 320 µg/kg. At this dose, the content of PVP-Se NPs significantly increased in the liver and kidney tissues from day 1 to day 3, in urine and feces during the first 8 h, and in blood during the first 2 h, followed by a gradual decrease.ConclusionWhen administered at a safe dose, PVP-Se NPs do not damage liver and kidney tissues and can be eliminated from the body through liver and kidney metabolism without accumulation.

Advanced Thermoactive Nanomaterials for Thermomedical Tissue Regeneration: Opportunities and Challenges.

Nanomaterials usually possess remarkable properties, including excellent biocompatibility, unique physical and chemical characteristics, and bionic attributes, which make them highly promising for applications in tissue regeneration. Thermal therapy has emerged as a versatile approach for wound healing, nerve repair, bone regeneration, tumor therapy, and antibacterial tissue regeneration. By combining nanomaterials with thermal therapy, multifunctional nanomaterials with thermogenic effects and tissue regeneration capabilities can be engineered to achieve enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This study provides a comprehensive review of the effects of thermal stimulation on cellular and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, it highlights the applications of photothermal, magnetothermal, and electrothermal nanomaterials, and thermally responsive drug delivery systems in tissue engineering. In Addition, the bioactivities and biocompatibilities of several representative thermal nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, the challenges facing thermal nanomaterials are outlined, and future prospects in the field are presented with the aim of offering new opportunities and avenues for the utilization of thermal nanomaterials in tissue regeneration.

Natural helical carboxymethyl cellulose fibers-based actuator for smart controller applications

Water-responsive polymers have received great attention in the field of smart actuators due to their mechanical response to humidity without energy consumption. Natural polymers-based actuators are competitive because of their green, sustainable, and biocompatible characteristics. In this paper, we report a natural twisting carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) fiber-based actuator (TCFA) with remarkable performance under water and moist stimulation. The water-responsive CMC fibers were prepared using wet spinning and twisting. Owing to the helical structure, good water absorption, and swelling performance, the CMC fiber exhibits excellent rotational motion with a rotation speed of 4615 rpm and recovery speed of 1538.4 rpm under water stimulation. In addition, the actuator revolutions remained almost constant after more than 254 cycles, thus demonstrating the excellent cyclic stability of this untwisting recovery process. Moreover, the CMC fiber shows application in a smart rainy curtain, smart crane, and concentration detection for alcohol solution. We offer an easy and scalable method to obtain a CMC fiber-based actuator with low cost, sustainability as well as excellent driving performance. Our work inspires a new idea in the design of cellulose-derived actuators and their application in future intelligent systems.

Isosorbide-Based Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Through UV-Cured Crosslinking with a Balance Between Adhesion and Cohesion.

The development of sustainable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) from natural biomass resources has attracted increasing attention owing to their non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable features. In this study, a bio-based acrylic PSA with tunable adhesion and cohesion was synthesized by a selective chemical modification of isosorbide-5-acrylate (IA) and its copolymerization with butyl acrylate and acrylic acid through UV-curing crosslinking. During the UV-curing process, the synthesized isosorbide diacrylate ester (IDAE) served as the crosslinker, effectively improving the crosslinking degree of PSA. The impact of IA and IDAE on the mechanical properties of PSA was studied. Moreover, to achieve a balance between adhesion and cohesion, the optimal composition was identified. The addition of IA significantly enhances the stiffness of PSA. Furthermore, the combined effect of IA and IDAE improves the overall adhesion properties of the PSA. The optimal bio-based PSA demonstrates a peel force of 13.9 N/25 mm and a persistent time of 6820 min, promising to replace traditional petroleum-based PSAs.