Bioclimatic Comfort Research Articles

Reconstruction of the hourly fine-resolution apparent temperature (Humidex) with the aerodynamic parameters

Apparent temperature is the preferred measure of hotness or coldness expressed to depict the human sense. Spatially explicit measurement of the hourly apparent temperature is essential for capturing the threats to bioclimatic comfort and preventing potential mortality/morbidity risk from heat or cold. However, existing apparent temperature products only provide daily observations at the spatial resolution of several dozen kilometers, resulting in some substantial underestimations for some life-threatening thermal stresses highly localized in space and time. Furthermore, some data-driven models lack mechanical constraints on the turbulent exchange between the surface and the atmosphere, making some unsatisfactory accuracy. Here, we propose Humidex reconstruction model incorporating atmospheric dynamics theory and aerodynamic parameters (i.e., heat and momentum roughness lengths for natural surfaces and three urban canopy geometry parameters for artificial surfaces), capable of developing an hourly dataset at fine-grained spatial resolution (0.01° × 0.01°). In this study, a total of 2952 h in four seasons were selected to test the seasonal performance of this model, taking the Yangtze River Delta as an example. The results show that the Humidex products from this model generally outperform the existing comparable products, with the hourly population root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 1 to 2 °C in winter and autumn and 2–3 °C in spring and summer. Moreover, the constraint of aerodynamic parameters can reduce RMSE with a significant margin for each season, up to 2 °C, especially in areas with dense woodlands or buildings. In addition, the results demonstrate the excellent performance of this model in capturing short-lived thermal health threats, which are easily overlooked when observed data only provides a daily variation. This indicates that the model can allow researchers and practitioners investigate the fine-grained spatial and temporal evolution of thermal stress and its impact on public health, tourism, learning, and work performance.

Reconstruction of the volume-planning parameters of schools using biophilic principles and techniques

The aim of the study is to approve the method of evaluation of school buildings, based on the use of space-planning parameters of objects, taking into account the principles and techniques of biophilic architecture. Objectives of the study: to evaluate typical projects of schools of the Soviet period, taking into account modern standards of ecological construction, requirements of bioclimatic comfort and biophilic principles, using space-planning parameters specified in the design architectural and construction drawings; consider this method as the primary step for the diagnosis of potential biophilic properties of buildings, visual connection with the environment; make a critical analysis and provide recommendations for the use of this method of assessment. The study of domestic and foreign experience in creating biophilic learning spaces showed that preliminary analysis of volumetric and planning parameters of school buildings, can be used to diagnose the potential biophilic properties of objects, such as the efficiency of daylighting, natural ventilation, visual connection with the outside environment. The study critically analyzes the plans, facades, and cuts of typical Soviet school projects from the 1960s-1970s based on contemporary building certification standards and principles of bioclimatic, biophilic architecture. The significance of the obtained results for architects and designers is that the proposed method makes it possible to give a quick initial assessment of the potential biophilic properties of an object during the development of school reconstruction projects on the basis of the volume-planning parameters of buildings specified in the project documentation without a full-scale survey.

Analysis of Bioclimatic Comfort Conditions with Tourism Comfort Index in Aydın Province

Geçtiğimiz birkaç on yılda turizm birçok ülkede en önemli ekonomik faaliyetlerden biri haline geldi. Son yıllarda Dünya genelinde hem salgın hem de savaş nedeniyle turizm faaliyetlerinde düşüş görülmektedir. Özellikle soğuk ülkelerden yaz aylarında Türkiye’ye turistler gelmektedir. Salgın ve savaşların yanı sıra küresel iklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak artan sıcaklık turizm aktivitelerini de etkilemektedir. İnsanlar bu artan sıcaklık karşısında kendilerini en rahat hissettiği ortamlarda turizm faaliyetlerini sürdürmek istemektedir. İnsan faaliyetlerine etki eden en önemli faktör biyoklimatik konfor koşullarıdır. Bu koşulların belirlenmesi önemlidir. Biyokonfor koşulları için çeşitli indeksler geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Aydın İli 2021 yılı haziran, temmuz ve ağustos aylarına ait sıcaklık, aylık ortalama ve maksimum bağıl nem (%), aylık ortalama rüzgâr şiddeti (km/saat), aylık ortalama yağış (mm) ve aylık ortalama güneşlenme süresi (saat) verileri temin edilmiştir. Veriler excel ortamında düzenlenmiştir. Veriler düzenlendikten sonra turizm iklim konforunun hesaplanmasında en yaygın olarak turizm konfor indeksi (TCI) formülü ile çalışma alanında yer alan meteorolojik gözlem istasyonlarına ait TCI değeri hesaplanmıştır. Açık kaynak koldu QGIS yazılımı içerisine meteorolojik gözlem istasyonları ve TCI değerleri atılmıştır. Ters mesafe ağırlıklı enterpolasyon yöntemi kullanılarak haziran, temmuz ve ağustos aylarına ait TCI haritası üretilmiştir. Bu haritalar üzerinde Aydın İli turizm iklim konforu değerlendirilmiştir.

Determination of appropriate areas in terms of bio comfort by using summer temperature index with the help of GIS throughout Ordu province

Threshold values for climate elements have been determined and some indices have been developed, especially with studies on human comfort. It is a fact that the feeling of comfort is subjective and there are different psychological and physical factors affecting this feeling. However, the presentation of threshold values and indices is very interesting in determining the current state of the climate conditions of the environment in terms of average and optimal values and the extent of deviation from the most appropriate values. The values of the climate elements that need to be looked at in order to provide bioclimatic comfort; it as a combination of 21-27.5 °C temperature, 30-65% relative humidity and wind speed up to 5 m/s in open area. These values have been used in many bioclimatic assessments. In addition to being an effective factor in almost every aspect of people's lives, bio comfort is also important in the periods when tourism activities are carried out. Thus, it is extremely important to determine the regions that are not suitable for bio comfort in the season of tourism in the regions that tourism activities are carried out. The aim of this research is to determine the suitable and unsuitable areas in terms of bio comfort in summer by using New Summer Index throughout Ordu province via GIS. As a conclusion, it has been determined that the area covering approximately 57.62% of the southern part of the province is cold, and the most comfortable part of the province is the part covering approximately 11.12% of the province and located by the sea in the north of the province.

Evaluation of incidence of organized team members under environmental and hygienic load and unfavorable labor

Bioclimatic comfort, anthropogenic load, conditions and nature of the labor process, lifestyle are among the main factors of the environment and professional activities of people. Purpose - to assess the incidence of persons of an organized team in the ecological and hygienic conditions of the city of Krasnoyarsk. Object - prevalence, primary incidence for the period 2016-2021. The state of anthropogenic pollution of the city territory was judged according to official sources. Assessed the working conditions and the nature of the labor process. The chemical load defines Krasnoyarsk as one of the leaders in the total morbidity of the region and as a risk area in the region in terms of morbidity exceeding the average. Uncomfortable living environment is noted for 9-10 months. The work of the observation group according to the degree of harmfulness and danger - class 3.3. In the structure of work, 80% of the time is mental [intellectual loads (3.2), emotional loads (3.2), work schedule (3.2)], physical activities, periodic long business trips with high emotional and physical stress. In the lifestyle of eating disorders, drinking alcohol, smoking. The prevalence of diseases was 1.6 times higher than in the adult population of Krasnoyarsk and (or) the region: a significant excess of 1.35-4.8 times in 6 classes and lower values of 1.2 times in 2 classes of diseases. In the primary morbidity, the leading pathologies were respiratory, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, trauma and poisoning (including the consequences of external causes), hearing aid, the share of which in the structure reached 80.3%. With the exception of the pathology of the hearing aid, it reflected the incidence of the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as the dynamics of long-term morbidity. The peculiarities of morbidity in a cohort of an organized team are determined by their initial state of health, conditions of professional activity and lifestyle. The need to assess the health risk of the influence of synergistic factors of habitability of the population is actualized, taking into account the characteristics of professional activity and lifestyle.

Index-based evaluation of the relationship between bioclimatic comfort levels and air quality levels of particles and sulfur dioxide in Şanlıurfa Province (Turkey)

Index-based evaluation of the relationship between bioclimatic comfort levels and air quality levels of particles and sulfur dioxide in Şanlıurfa Province (Turkey)

Microclimatic Anayysis of City Pieces with Different Characters: Case of Kayseri

Günümüz kentlerinde hızlı nüfus artışının bir sonucu olarak konut sayısı ve geçirimsiz yüzeyler de artış göstermekte, bununla birlikte küresel ısınmanın da en belirgin tetikleyicileri arasında sayılabilecek olan kentsel ısı adaları (KIA) oluşumu artmaktadır. Bu durumun bir sonucu olarak kentsel alanlarda yaşam kalitesinde belirgin bir düşüş gözlenmektedir. Bu nedenle KIA’nın kent üzerindeki etkilerinin azaltılması, biyoklimatik konfor durumunun iyileştirilmesi gibi iklimle dengeli kentsel tasarıma yönelik analizler ve çalışmalar araştırma konuları arasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kayseri kenti örneğinde kat yükseklikleri, yeşil alan miktarı, geçirimsiz yüzeylerin miktarı ve cinsi farklı özellikler gösteren kent parçalarının mikroklimatik açıdan detaylı analizlerinin yapılması odak noktasına alınmıştır. Kent sınırları içerisinde Yeniköy, Alpaslan ve Erenköy mahallelerinde aynı büyüklükteki üç farklı kent parçası çalışma alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu alanların mevcut durumlarının ENVI-met yazılımı ile simülasyonları yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda özellikle geçirimsiz yüzeylerin fazla yeşil alanların az ve yüksek katlı yapıların yoğun bulunduğu alanlarda sıcak stresinin arttığı, biyoklimatik konfor düzeyinin düştüğü saptanmıştır. Bağıl nem değerleri hava sıcaklığı ile ters orantılı bir değişim sergilemiştir. Rüzgâr hızının açık alanlarda yüksek oranlara ulaştığı yapı ve bitkilendirmenin yoğun olduğu alanlarda düştüğü belirlenmiştir. Bitkilerin bulunduğu alanlarda noktasal olarak ışıma sıcaklıklarının düştüğü diğer alanlarda yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen bütün bu bulgular; kentlerde kat yüksekliklerinin düşük olması, kentsel açık ve yeşil alanların fazla, geçirimsiz yüzey miktarlarının düşük olmasının biyoklimatik konfor düzeylerinde belirgin bir artışa ve mikroklimatik açıdan daha yaşanabilir alanların oluşumuna katkı sağladığını göstermektedir.

PARTICULAR FEATURES IN CHANGES OF CLIMATE COMFORT FOR HUMAN IN BELARUS FOR MONTHS AND SEASONS OF THE YEAR

In this article the study of comfort level of climate has been performed on the basis of analysis of spatiotemporal changes of bioclimatic indexes: effective temperature, equivalent-effective temperature and bioclimatic air heat content index for the period from 1966 to 2020. The increase in average temperatures, the decrease in wind speed and insignificant changes in air humidity led to the improvement in the comfort level of climate and weather and decrease in frequency of days with very cold weather. Usually, the increase in climate comfort level was less evident in mid-seasons than in winter and summer. In total, since late 1970s the most significant increase in values of climate comfort indices was observed in July–August and November–December; significant increase in values of effective temperature and equivalenteffective temperatures was also observed in February–April. This pattern of changes corresponds to climate changes during distinct phases of warming period, characterized by more significant increase in the average temperature in certain
 seasons. Thus, due to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of climate warming, the nature of changes, bioclimatic comfort
 indices is also heterogeneous. Nevertheless, it is possible to state that values of comfort indexes steadily increase since 1980s.

To the Question of the Assessment of Ecological Comfort of the Climate

The article is devoted to the discussion of the advantages of assessing the environmental comfort of the climate, based on the natural features of the climate and the bioclimatic conditions of the territory. The study assessed the ecological comfort of the climate in the city of Taganrog on the basis of the developed original sequence of performing three stages of assessing the totality of bioclimatic indicators with the final calculation of the values of the integral indicator of the bioclimatic comfort of the climate. The results of the assessment showed, according to the average long-term climatic data, the presence of sub-comfortable climates with a tendency to transition to comfortable climate conditions in the warm period of the year. The cold season was distinguished by uncomfortable conditions according to long-term average climatic data. Modeling calculations of the possible risk to the health of city residents in the presence of concentrations of suspended solids in the surface air layer, together with carbon monoxide, exceeding the maximum one-time values by more than 7 times, showed that the development of possible resorptive or carcinogenic effects in these circumstances will occur in 1/3 the population of the city. The prospects for the assessment of the ecological comfort of the climate, which allow in the future to adequately calculate the magnitude of environmental risks to public health caused by pollution of the surface air layer, are shown.

On the influence of meteorological factors on population health in the conditions of the Kamchatsky Region

In the context of the intensification of the development of Kamchatka, the assessment of its comfort in terms of weather and climatic conditions is updated to prevent the influence of meteorological indicators on the health of the population. According to indicators for 2010–2020 air temperature (average and minimum), wind (average and maximum), relative humidity assessed the bioclimatic comfort of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky as a health risk factor. At an average temperature, the warm period of the year is June-September, there is no cold one; minimum — warm in August, cold in December-March. Average wind is strong (5 months) and strong to very strong (7 months); maximum — strong (7 months), from strong to very strong (5 months); in gusts —very strong (3 months), from very strong to stormy (6 months). The air from October to April is moderately dry, then moderately humid. With average meteorological indicators for effective temperature, the warm period of the year is in July-August (September could be both warm and transitional), cold — December-March. At the minimum temperature and maximum wind, there is no warm period of the year, cold — October-May. The influence of physical factors is inadequate for the body: uncomfortable positive temperatures in June-September, high humidity (May-September), year-round strong winds. According to the effective temperature, determined from the average values of physical factors, the warm season is shorter by 2 months, the cold 4 months. At the minimum temperature and maximum wind in the summer season, habitat conditions refer to the transition period, 8 months. to the cold season. There is no health risk based on average effective temperature data; at extreme values, the risk of cold injury within 3 months. (January, February — absolute, December — possible); with increased wind, the risk arises in the month of March.

North Eurasian thermal comfort indices dataset (NETCID): new gridded database for the biometeorological studies

Global climate changes give us the important task of obtaining information about the spatial distribution of bioclimatic comfort indicators at the global or continental level. One of the most applicable tools can be based on reanalysis data (meteorological gridded data with global coverage). This issue is fully relevant for the territory of Northern Eurasia with its diverse climates, rapid environmental changes, and often sparse network of in situ observations. In this paper, we present a conceptually new dataset for the most popular thermal comfort indices, namely heat index (HI), humidex (HUM), wind chill temperature, mean radiant temperature, physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI) derived from ERA-Interim reanalysis hourly data for the territory of Northern Eurasia (the area limited by 40° N–80° N, 10° W–170° W). The dataset has horizontal resolution of 0.75° × 0.75° (up to 79 km), temporal resolution of 3 h, and covers the period from 1979 to 2018 (40 years), which corresponds to the standard of the World Meteorological Organization in determining the parameters of the modern climate. Time series of indices are supplemented with a set of 8092 pre-calculated statistical parameters characterizing climatology of the thermal stress conditions. We further present several examples of the North Eurasian Thermal Comfort Indices Dataset (NETCID) data application, including analysis of the spatial heterogeneity of thermal stress conditions, assessment of their changes and analysis of specific extreme events. Presented examples demonstrate a pronounced difference between considered indices and highlight the need of their accurate selection for applied tasks. In particular, for the whole study areas HI and HUM indices show much smaller thermal stress repeatability and weaker trends of its changes in comparison to PET and UTCI indices. NETCID is available for free download at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12629861.

The assessment of the thermal behavior of an urban park surface in a dense urban area for planning decisions.

The new summer index (SSI) which was established to determine climate comfort was classified according to the index. Climatic comfort areas will increase and thus raising the quality of living in areas. The temperature values felt in the study were calculated with the SSI formula, and then the maps of the study area were classified. The study area was the Hayal Park and its surroundings in the Toros Quarter of Cukurova District, which is surrounded by multi-story and dense buildings in the north of Adana. Although the vertical construction is very high, it is richer in terms of green areas compared to other large central districts. Cukurova, which is one of the largest districts of Adana (according to population), has Seyhan dam lake in the north and Seyhan district in the south. The study area is on the border of Seyhan district and is adjacent to Yüreğir and Sarıçam districts. With the portable Smart SENSOR AS 847 measuring device, temperature and relative humidity were measured at 1.5m above the ground on Tuesday, August 20 at 07.00, at 14.00, and 21.00. Bioclimatic comfort areas were determined by measuring temperature and relative humidity at 25 points with different textures in the study area. In this study, measured instantaneous temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) data were transferred to GIS medium by ArcGIS 10.6 program and then modeled with the Kriging method, which is one of the interpolation methods, and temperature and relative humidity maps were created. The temperature map created in degrees Celsius (°C) by the Kriging method and was converted to Fahrenheit degrees (°F) in the Raster Calculator. The reason for this change is that SSI is calculated with the formula Fahrenheit (°F). These maps were then calculated on the Raster Calculator using the SSI formula, and sensed temperature values were obtained The SSI, which normally has 8 classes, has 3 classes in the study area. These classes are 83 ≤ SSI < 91 slightly hot, 91 ≤ SSI < 100 hot, and 100 ≤ SSI < 112 very hot. When we look at the maps, the places outside of Hayal Park are in the hot class at 07.00 in the morning, and we can see that the green spaces have a positive effect on the bioclimatic comfort areas. The small area is in a very hot class. When we look at 14.00h, it is a totally hot class. Normally, the temperature is the highest of these times and also coincides with the multi-story buildings in the study area; asphalt and concrete areas increased the temperature. As a result, there is a very hot air in the study area. It was determined that the maps identified non-comfortable areas. Since urban form and settlement affect climate comfort values, the urban plan should be revised, and the area should be brought to the bioclimatic comfort value range. For reducing the effect of temperature in the working area and creating comfortable areas is increasing the density of green areas compared to asphalt and concrete areas. Considering that the Cukurova district will grow further, urban planning should be done very well to reach the comfort range in the following settlements.

Determining the Biocomfort Zones in Near Future in Antalya Province Depending on the Global Climate Change Scenarios

Climate is a factor that affects the entire life of humans such as physiological development and characteristics, housing and house structures, food and cloth selections, and distribution on land. It is projected that global climate change would cause important changes in climate parameters in near future and affect the lives of all organisms on the earth directly or indirectly. It is estimated that these changes would cause significant changes in biocomfort zones. Thus, it is important to determine the biocomfort zones depending on the climate change scenarios and to use them in urban planning studies. In this study, it was aimed to determine the change in bioclimatic comfort zones in Antalya depending on the projected climate change scenarios. Within the scope of this study, considering the SSPs 245 and SSPs 585 scenarios of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, that is the 6th assessment report of IPCC, it was aimed to determine the current status and possible changes in biocomfort zones in Antalya in years 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100. The results showed that the comfort zones in Antalya will generally shift from cold to hot towards the year 2100, that this shift will be at important level, and that the highest level of increase will be seen in southern regions with high population density and intense touristic activities.

Investigation of relationship between land use/cover (LULC) and GIS-based bioclimatic comfort zones based on environmental climate parameters and bioclimatic indices

Investigation of relationship between land use/cover (LULC) and GIS-based bioclimatic comfort zones based on environmental climate parameters and bioclimatic indices

Assessment of bioclimatic comfort of the territories of Krasnoyarsk region by the thermal comfort index

Various bioclimatic indices assess the influence of physical factors in cold or hot climates. The Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI) measures health risk in the ranges from heat-temperature to cold stress. The bioclimatic comfort of the habitat in the subarctic and temperate climate of the Krasnoyarsk Territory was assessed during the periods of determining climatic norms (1961–1990 and 1991–2020). The neutral temperature in a temperate climate was determined for 1 and 2 months, respectively. per year (third month — transitional). Mild cold stress was detected only for 1 month. In August and May, UTCI values indicated warming and a less significant risk of body cooling. The duration of the period of moderate cold stress remained the same: 3 months each. The duration of periods of severe cold stress began to differ by 1 month. In the subarctic, health risks ranging from mild to extreme cold stress have been reported. The same regularity was determined: in general, warming, and by months — the transition according to gradations of degrees of risk to a less significant one. In the subarctic, climate warming was determined within 8 months, in the temperate zone — 9 months. The temperature rise was determined, respectively, by 4.0–9.7 0 С and 1.4–7.1 0 С. In a temperate climate, neutral weather conditions were recorded for periods of 1 and 2–3 months, uncomfortable, respectively 11 months. and 9–10 months. In the subarctic, living conditions are only uncomfortable. The degree of health risk decreased: in a temperate climate in the spring months and August (4 months), in a subarctic climate — in March, April, June, February and October (5 months). Health risk in the form in a temperate climate in the form of mild, moderate and severe cold stress, in the subarctic, in addition, very strong and extreme stress.

Assessment of bioclimatic sensitive spatial planning in a Turkish city, Eskisehir

The city of Eskişehir is located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey, where harsh continental climatic characteristics are prevalent (i.e., cold winters and hot summers). In recent years, quality and quantity of studies on bioclimatic comfort have increased both all over the world and in Turkey. Outdoor bioclimatic comfort conditions are counted amongst the indicators of human quality of life in urban environments, together with other physical, social and economic features such as air quality, GDP, and possibilities of social activities. The calculated values representing bioclimatic comfort conditions have been used instead of individual mean values of some climatic elements, in order to provide an insight of the liveability of a city. The aim of the present research study is to determine: (1) hourly bioclimatic comfort conditions in the Eskişehir city center during sultry summer days, considering bioclimatic comfort values calculated according to 12-year data from urban, sub-urban and rural areas using the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index and RayMan software for the calculation of solar radiation fluxes on individuals in the hottest five months of the year; (2) the spatial distribution of these comfort values in decades (10-day intervals) using Geographic Information Systems and raster maps, taking into consideration elevation and land use; and (3) which urban design and planning principles could be adopted to deal with adverse thermal comfort conditions triggered by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The results of the study indicate that the poorest comfort conditions are provided in urban areas, while rural areas are more advantageous in terms of comfort conditions. New bioclimatic-sensitive urban design principles are taken into consideration to create more comfortable areas from the bioclimatic perspective (i.e., windier and less humid sites open to the prevalent wind direction and out of heat stress).

Manifestations of climate variability in the department of Alibori in Benin

The manifestations of climate variability are a major problem for all communities around the world and particularly for the populations of the Department of Alibori in northern Benin. This study aims to characterize the manifestations of climate variability in the Alibori department in the north of the Republic of Benin. Thus, climatic data such as rainfall, air temperature and relative air humidity were collected from the national meteorological service. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean values) and graphical representations. The results obtained reveal that over the period 1961 to 2020, the average temperature varies between 25 ° C in January to 33 ° C in April. Year-to-year variations in air temperature show that air temperature is rising steadily over the period 1961-2020. Higher than average values ​​were recorded from 1985. Relative humidity remained in excess (above 55% which is the interannual average) from 1960 to 1982 and in deficit after 1982 (humidity below 55%). The bioclimatic comfort is most felt during the months of May, November, April and March over the period 1971-2015. This sensation is mainly felt in the morning (from 6 to 9 hours).

Assessment of the effect of land use change on bioclimatic comfort conditions in Uşak Province

Bioclimatic comfort is the state of people in which they feel comfortable, happy, and fit in the atmospheric environment they are. The bioclimatic comfort conditions of cities have changed depending on anthropogenic factors. The aim of this study is to compare the bioclimatic comfort conditions of Uşak city between 1990 and 2018. In the first stage, the bioclimatic comfort conditions of the city centre between 1990 and 2018 were determined according to the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index obtained from the RayMan model by using hourly data of the meteorological station in the city centre; air temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), wind velocity(m/s) and cloudiness (octa). By using Geographic Information Systems in the spatial distribution of bioclimatic comfort conditions, calculations were made with base maps of elevation, land use, solar radiation, mean radiant temperature (MRT), and wind speed. In the second stage, the land cover was classified according to the general appearance for the period covering 28 years (from 1990 to 2018), and the rates of change were calculated. As a result, it was determined that the most comfortable areas are the agricultural areas, followed by the forest and natural areas, and the most uncomfortable conditions are in the artificial areas. Intense urbanization and construction have increased the uncomfortable conditions in the city. It is thought that the plans to be made by prioritizing bioclimatic comfort conditions will contribute to decelerating the climate change caused by global warming, as well as improving the existing problems.

Bioclimatic Comfort Difference with the Effect of Urbanization: The Case of Uşak City Turkey

Bioclimatic Comfort Difference with the Effect of Urbanization: The Case of Uşak City Turkey

Improving the comfort of pedestrian and recreational areas of the stylobate part of the residential complex

The article discusses one of the wind impact studying options on the projected object stylobate part in the city of Moscow that is the numerical simulation using the specialized fluid dynamics software package. The studies were carried out for several options for the stylobate site improvement with different placement of windscreens, followed by an assessment of the pedestrian zones bioclimatic comfort. At the first stage, zones with a wind flow significant acceleration were identified, which did not meet the regulatory criteria for ensuring pedestrian comfort, at the second stage, proposals were developed for the windscreens placement on the residential complex stylobate part and the repeated computational studies were carried out taking into account these previous proposals. A significant influence of windscreens with a height of 1.2 m on the wind flows distribution on the operated stylobate roof was revealed. The windscreens optimal layout of was determined, taking into account the surrounding buildings influence and the construction site wind rose.