Biochemical Markers Of Oxidative Stress Research Articles

Influence of Classical Massage on Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress in Humans: Pilot Study.

Classical massage is one of the most popular forms of conservative treatment in various diseases. Despite the wide scope of research, the mechanisms of massage are not fully known and understood. Apart from the well-described effects on individual body systems, there are few scientific reports on the effects of massage on the human body at the subcellular level. The study was designed to assess changes in oxidative stress parameters in healthy volunteers after a single session of classical massage. 29 healthy volunteers aged 22.24 ± 3.64 participated in the study. Before and 30 minutes after the massage procedures, blood samples were taken by experienced personnel. Biochemical markers of oxidative homeostasis were assessed with highly specific methods for each parameter: oxidase ceruloplasmin, glutathione, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase. The study demonstrates that massage therapy caused statistically significant decrease in the concentration of glutathione peroxidase (red blood cells) and increase in the level of glutathione peroxidase (plasma), superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde. In contrast, statistically significant changes in the hematocrit, glutathione, NO2-/NO3-, and oxidase ceruloplasmin were not observed. The results show that complex influence of classical massage therapy on human organism may be reflected in parameters of the oxidative stress. To understand this mechanism clearly, further research is needed.

Antioxidative Activity of Wakouba, a Salt Extracted from Elaeis guineensis Jacq in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the chronic complications of diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer etc. free radicals such as superoxyde anions, hydrogen peroxides cause severe cell damage. The use of plants is increasingly recommended to treat diseases related to oxidative stress.
 Aims: This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Wakouba, a salt extracted from Elaeis guineensis Jacq on biochemical markers of oxidative stress.
 Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacodynamie-biochemical UPR, Biology and Health Laboratory and Department of Radiology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), Services Hospital Lahore, between March 2017 and July 2018.
 Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) by streptozotocin 55 mg / kg bw. The biochemical parameters such as insulin and glycemia, the activities and the level of markers of oxidative stress such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aorta, heart and the kidney were determined in the absence and presence of different doses of WAKOUBA (1000 and 2500 mg / kg bw) and GLIBENCLAMIDE, a reference product at 10 and 20 mg / kg bw.
 Results: The results showed that the administration of streptozotocin at 55 mg / kg bw in rats caused a significant drop (P<0.05) in insulin production followed by a significant increase (P < 0.05) in blood glucose. Similarly, during diabetes, the activities, and levels of oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT and MDA) increased significantly (P < 0.05). WAKOUBA, at 1000 and 2500 mg / kg bw, significantly normalized insulin production, blood sugar levels, SOD and CAT activities and MDA levels in the aorta, heart, and kidneys in diabetic rats. The same results were obtained with GLIBENCLAMIDE at 10 and 20 mg / kg bw.
 Conclusion: This study showed that WAKOUBA, a salt extracted from Elaeis guineensis Jacq, lowered and normalized the activities of SOD, CAT and the level of MDA which are markers of oxidative stress in rats made diabetic by streptozocin. WAKOUBA also normalized insulin production and blood sugar levels in diabetic rats. WAKOUBA would have antioxidant properties coupled with antidiabetic properties, which might support its use in traditional medicine to treat diabetes.

THE IMPACT OF METFORMIN AND ROSUVASTATIN ON THE MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, GLYCEMIC CONTROL, AND LIPID PROFILE IN RATS WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE-INDUCED DIABETES AFTER ACUTE INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE

Hyperproduction of highly active carbonyl compounds and reactive oxygen species initiates the development of oxidative stress in various pathological conditions and protein carbonylation is considered to be one of the key factors in the progression of diabetes mellitus and associated complications. This comparative research aimed to study the effect of metformin and rosuvastatin on the levels of biochemical markers of oxidative stress, glycemic control, and lipid profile in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by a brain hemorrhage.T2DM was simulated with a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin (NA/STZ) to male Wistar rats (n=38). Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was induced by microinjection of 1 μL of bacterial collagenase 0.2 IU/μL into the striatum. Animals were randomized into 5 groups: negative control, intact rats; positive control 1, NA/STZ; positive control 2, NA/STZ+ICH; metformin, 250 mg/kg +NA/STZ+ICH; rosuvastatin, 15 mg/kg+NA/STZ+ICH. Drug effects were assessed by the area under the glycemic curve (AUC), the content of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), homocysteine (Hcy), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the markers of oxidative modification of proteins – aldehyde- and ketonephenylhydrazones (APH/KPH) in blood serum.It was found that brain hemorrhage in rats with T2DM can intensify the manifestations of oxidative modification of molecules and worsen glycemic control and lipid profile. Under these conditions, rosuvastatin improved lipid metabolism and reduced the levels of AGEs by 35.1% but did not affect glycemia and content of APH/KPH. Metformin reduced oxidative stress (AGEs by 35.4%, KPH by 21.2%) as well as improved both glycemic status and lipid profile (TG level by 20.2%, TG/HDL ratio by 31.9%). Both drugs did not produce any effect on Hcy level.Thus, metformin in conditions of T2DM complicated by acute ICH has advantages over rosuvastatin in relation to the markers of oxidative modification and glycemic control.

AZP2006/EZEPROGIND neuroprotective effect in age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease progression.

AZP2006/EZEPROGIND is a disease-modifying small molecule that is currently in clinical development for the treatment of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP). Here we investigated its neuroprotective effect on in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We showed that AZP2006/EZEPROGIND neuroprotective action is mediated by Progranulin (PGRN) and correlated with a reduction of neuroinflammation. Primary rat cortical neurons cultured with microglia were injured with Aβ1-42 oligomers. We investigated the effect of AZP2006/EZEPROGIND on neuronal survival and neurite network (MAP2), synapses (PSD95/SYN), pTau (AT100), microglia activation (OX-41), neuroinflammation (IL-1β and IL-6) and PGRN levels. The PGRN mediated effect of AZP2006/EZEPROGIND was assessed by blocking Ab anti PGRN and siRNA for PGRN and/or Prosaposin (PSAP). AZP2006/EZEPROGIND (3 mg/kg/day) was also orally administered to the Senescence Accelerated Mouse-Prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a spontaneous animal model of accelerated aging, from the age of 2, 4 or 6 months to 10 months. Learning and memory deficits were evaluated by Y-Maze Test and by Passive Avoidance Test. PGRN levels and of biochemical markers of oxidative stress (LPO), pTau (T181), Aβ1-42 , proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), neuronal (NeuN) and microglial (Iba1) markers were studied by ELISA and IHC. In vitro, nM concentrations of AZP2006/EZEPROGIND significantly increased the neuron survival, the neurite network and the number of synapses. The incubation with blocking Ab anti PGRN and siRNA for PGRN and/or PSAP abolished these effects. Also, AZP2006/EZEPROGIND significantly decreased Tau hyperphosphorylation and reduced the neuroinflammation. The chronic treatment with AZP2006/EZEPROGIND significantly increased the Spontaneous Alternation in the Y-Maze Test and the Step-through Latency in the Passive Avoidance Test. We showed that AZP2006/EZEPROGIND was able to protect neurons, enhance synaptic function, decrease the hyperphosphorylation of Tau and reduce the neuroinflammation via PGRN. The chronic oral treatment was able to prevent, protect and restore the aged-related cognitive decline in the SAMP8 mice. We postulate that neuroprotective properties of AZP2006/EZEPROGIND not only could delay the progression of AD but also has the potential to reverse aged-related cognitive damages.

Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Injury After Cannabis and Ketamine Administration

Cannabis sativa and ketamine are common substances of abuse causing psychotic events and neurodegeneration. In this study, the effect of pretreatment with Cannabis sativa extract on oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators and brain damage induced by ketamine was investigated. Rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of cannabis extract (10, 20, 30 or 40 mg/kg; expressed as Δ9-THC content) daily for three weeks and then in combination with ketamine (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for another 5 days. Rats were tested for biochemical markers of oxidative stress including malondialdehyde (MDA) reduced glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in brain. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in brain were also determined at the end of treatment period. Results indicated that compared with the saline control group, ketamine induced significant elevation in brain MDA and NO, which was accompanied by depletion of GSH and inhibition of PON-1 activity. Ketamine also significantly increased brain IL-1β and TNF-α and induced neuronal necrosis, apoptosis and vacuolation. Cannabis sativa (20-40 mg/kg) pretreated rats showed lower levels of oxidative stress and inflammation and doses of 30 or 40 mg/kg slightly reduced neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. These findings suggest that cannabis constituents do not enhance the neurotoxic effects of ketamine and might partly counteract the effects of ketamine-induced NMDA antagonism by reducing the release of free radicals and inflammatory mediators in brain

Glabridin from licorice alleviates vascular inflammation and promotes vascular remodeling of the left anterior descending coronary artery in diabetic rat heart

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glabridin on vascular inflammation and vascular remodeling of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in diabetic rat heart.Material and methodsEighty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control rats; (2) glabridin control rats that received diet supplemented with glabridin (CGB); (3) diabetic rats (STZ); (4) diabetic rats that received a supplemented with glabridin (STZ + GB) 40 mg/kg BW; and (5) diabetic rats treated with glyburide (STZ + GR) 4 mg/kg BW. Diabetic animals were rendered diabetic by injection of a single dose (60 mg/kg BW) of streptozotocin (STZ). After 8 weeks, the biochemical markers of oxidative stress were assessed. The three-dimensional morphology of LAD was examined by vascular corrosion casting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to determine the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β proteins. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were used to detect the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 secretions.ResultsThe lumen diameter of the LAD was notably smaller and stenotic. LAD analysis revealed arterial notch and evolved irregular caliber. Moreover, neovascularization appeared and was extensive. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity levels of heart tissue were significantly decreased and levels of malondialdehyde were found to be elevated in STZ rats whereas they were improved in the STZ + GB group. Increased expression levels of VEGF, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β proteins in heart tissues were observed in the STZ group. The inflammation cytokine levels were decreased in the STZ + GB group.ConclusionsThese results revealed that glabridin was able to reduce LAD and heart tissue damage. Glabridin can be an antioxidant and can reduce the pathology of the LAD in terms of reducing inflammation and restoring condition of the LAD. It would be beneficial in examining the role of glabridin as a therapeutic aim in diabetes treatment research in coronary artery disease.

Biochemical markers of oxidative stress in maize seedlings exposed to rose-grass aphids

We studied the influence of rose-grass aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum L.) infestation on the biochemical markers of oxidative stress in seedlings of two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties (relatively resistant Ambrozja and resistant Plomyk). We compared the generation of superoxide anion radicals O2-, level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation products (MDA) as well as markers of protein damage (protein-bound carbonyl groups). The studied parameters were measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-initial aphid infestation compared to the non-infested control seedlings. Our studies indicated that the rose-grass aphid feeding evoked oxidative stress in the maize seedlings. Investigated Z. mays cultivars exhibited excessive generation of superoxide anion radicals in response to insect treatments. Rose-grass aphid feeding increased the H2O2 level in maize tissues with similar levels observed at most periods post-infestation with M. dirhodum, also increased lipid peroxidation products with the maximal levels at 48 and 72 h for Ambrozja and 48, 72 and 96 h post-infestation for Plomyk varieties. Further at 48 and 72 h post-initial aphid infestation, there was an increase in protein bound carbonyl groups content in the maize seedlings after infestation with aphids.

Long-term Effect of Intravenous Iron Carboxymaltose Treatment on Oxidative Stress in Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Objective: This study aims to clarify the effects of intravenous iron supplementation on biomarkers for oxidative stress in women with iron deficiency anemia.
 Methods: This is a cross-sectional review of 40 healthy women and 40 women who underwent intravenous iron treatment due to anemia. Biochemical markers for oxidative stress were determined for both healthy controls and anemic patients. These markers were also evaluated at hour 1 and day 30 of intravenous iron treatment.
 Results: The patients with anemia had significantly higher catalase activity and total oxidant status (TOS) but significantly lower nitrate and total anti-oxidant status (TAS) than the healthy controls (p=0.0245, p<0.0001, p=0.0437 and p<0.0001 respectively). At hour 1 of intravenous iron treatment, nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide, total thiol and TAS values were significantly lower and TOS values were significantly higher than those before the administration of treatment (p=0.0322, p=0.0003, p=0.0005, p<0.0001, p<0.0001 and p=0.004). At day 30 of intravenous iron treatment, catalase activity, nitrate, total thiol and TOS values were significantly lower than those before the administration of treatment (p=0.0332, p=0.0015, p=0.0391 and p<0.0001 respectively) and at hour 1 of treatment (p=0.0498, p<0.0001, p=0.0004 and p<0.0001 respectively). At day 30 of intravenous iron treatment, nitric oxide and TAS values were significantly higher than those before the administration of treatment (p=0.0480 and p=0.001 respectively) and at hour 1 of treatment (p<0.0001 for both).
 Conclusion: Intravenous iron replacement prompts oxidative stress at hour 1 of infusion in adults with anemia but this increase resolves partially in the following 30 days.

Drotaverine Inhibitor of PDE4: Reverses the Streptozotocin Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with decline in memory and cognitive impairments. Phosphodiesterase IV (PDE4) protein, an intracellular cAMP levels regulator, when inhibited act as potent neuroprotective agents by virtue of ceasing the activity of Pro-inflammatory mediators. The complexity of AD etiology has ever since compelled the researchers to discover multifunctional compounds to combat the AD and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to probe into role of drotaverine a PDE4 inhibitor in the management of AD. Albino mice were divided into seven groups (n = 10). Group 1 control group received carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC 1mL/kg), group II diseased group treated with streptozotocin (STZ 3mg/kg) by intracerebroventricular (ICV) route, group III administered standard drug Piracetam 200mg/kg and groups IV-VII were given drotaverine (10, 20, 40, and 80mg/kg i/p respectively). Groups II-VII were given STZ (3mg/kg, ICV) on 1st and 3rd day of treatment to induce AD. All the groups were given their respective treatments for 23days. Improvement in learning and memory was evaluated by using behavioral tests like open field test, elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. Furthermore, brain levels of biochemical markers of oxidative stress, neurotransmitters, β-amyloid and tau protein were also measured. Drotaverine showed statistically significant dose dependent improvement in behavioral and biochemical markers of AD: the maximum response was achieved at a dose level of 80mg/kg. The Study concluded that drotaverine ameliorates cognitive impairment and as well as exhibited modulated the brain levels of neurotransmitters.

Hempseed (Cannabis sativa) offers effective alternative over statins in ameliorating hypercholesterolemia associated nephropathy

A direct link between hypercholesterolemia (HC) and renal pathologies has been established. Statins, the drugs of choice for HC management, have been associated with various side effects and toxicities, including nephropathy and other renal insults. Thus, natural dietary products based-alternative strategies for HC and associated pathologies are being considered. ObjectivesBased on the unique nutritional composition and numerous health benefits of Hempseeds (Cannabis sativa), currently the potential anti-inflammatory and redox modulatory effects of hempseeds lipid extract (HEMP) against HC associated renal damage were evaluated and compared with statins (Simvastatin) in HFD induced experimental model of HC in rats. Design & MethodsThe hempseed lipid fractions (HEMP) were prepared and their ameliorating effects on HFD induced lipid profiles, renal function markers (RFT), histopathological/morphological changes, renal oxidative stress, and inflammation markers were studied and compared with statins (HFD + STATINS). Further, HEMP-mediated modulation of lipid metabolism mediators (APO-B/E) was studied. ResultsNot only, HEMP administration improved the lipid profiles and morphological signs of HC, but it also was safe compared to Simvastatin in terms of hepatic and renal function markers. Further, changes in renal histoarchitecture, biochemical markers of oxidative stress, and expression profiles of lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways (Cox-1/2, PGDS, PGES) revealed that HEMP positively modulating the redox homeostasis activated the resolution pathways against HC associated renal insults. ConclusionThe outcomes of the current study indicated HEMP's ameliorative and therapeutic potential against hypercholesterolemia-associated nephropathies and other systemic effects.

The Effect of Santolina chamaecyparissus and Tagetes patula Essential Oils on Biochemical Markers of Oxidative Stress in Aphids

Simple SummaryDue to numerous side effects associated with extensive use of chemical insecticides, there is a need to develop eco-friendly alternative methods for insect pest control. One of these alternatives may be the use of essential oils (EOs). An important aspect of the efficient and safe application of EOs in plant protection is the elucidation of their toxicity mechanisms towards target pests. The present study aimed to determine the effects of Santolina chamaecyparissus (L.) and Tagetes patula (L.) EOs on development and physiology of two aphid species with different feeding specializations. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is a broad generalist and Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) is a grass specialist. Exposure to the tested EOs limited the aphids’ development and led to induction of oxidative stress within their tissues. Analysis of the physiological parameters also showed that the oligophagous R. padi was more sensitive to EO treatment than the highly polyphagous M. persicae. The results suggest that the tested EOs can affect important biochemical processes within aphid tissues and have potential as eco-friendly aphicides.This study investigated the toxicity of essential oils (EOs) from Santolina chamaecyparissus (L.) and Tagetes patula (L.) towards the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). The effects of the EOs on aphid population parameters and levels of biochemical markers of oxidative stress within insect tissues were analyzed. In laboratory bioassays, application of the studied EOs at sublethal concentrations reduced daily fecundity and led to a decrease in the intrinsic rate of natural increase in both aphid species. Treatment with EOs also induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within aphid tissues. The highest levels of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were noted after 24 and 48 h of exposure. Moreover, a significant increase in lipid peroxidation was shown in treated aphids, especially between 48 and 72 h after exposure. The increase was more pronounced after treatment with the essential oil of S. chamaecyparissus, which also exhibited higher aphicidal activity in toxicity tests. The activities of antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)—were significantly elevated in both aphid species in response to the tested EOs. The obtained results suggest that oxidative stress evoked by treatment with the studied EOs may be an important factor determining their toxicity towards aphids.

Daphnetin Ameliorates Corticosterone-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior and Oxidative Stress in Mice Via Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor/Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway

We have investigated the effect of daphnetin on depressive-like behavior and oxidative stress caused by corticosterone in mice. To this end, we have analyzed the effect of corticosterone alone and combination of corticosterone and daphnetin on three behavioral indices of depressive-like behavior - sucrose consumption rate, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test as well as biochemical markers of oxidative stress - malondialdehyde, nitrite, protein carbonyl, nonprotein sulfhydryl and glutathione contents as well as hippocampal cell apoptosis. The results support the conclusion that daphnetin diminished corticosterone induced depressive like behavior and oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Effects of rhizome extracts from invasive knotweed species Fallopia japonica and F. ×bohemica on radish seed germination and root growth of seedlings

Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. and Bohemian knotweed (F. ×bohemica) (Chrtek and Chrtková) J. P. Bailey are invasive plants in Slovenia. We studied the effects of aqueous extracts [0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 5 % and 10 % (w/v)] from rhizomes of F. japonica and F. ×bohemica on the seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus) and examined the morphological and biochemical changes during germination and early growth of seedlings. Germination and early growth of radish were monitored 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment. Extracts of these two knotweed taxa delayed seed germination and strongly reduced the length of the primary root, but had less effect on shoot growth. These extracts triggered stress-induced morphogenic responses in the treated radish seedlings, stimulating the formation of lateral roots at low concentrations and causing inhibition at high concentrations. The extract concentration and not the knotweed taxon influenced the biochemical markers of oxidative stress in the radish. Total antioxidative capacity was increased in treated radish seedlings. The extract of F. japonica had a greater impact on the radish morphology than that of F. ×bohemica, with similar influences on the biochemical parameters. High pressure liquid chromatography identified emodin, resveratrol, catechin and epicatechin in the rhizomes of both knotweed species. Their contents were species dependent.

Cardioprotective effect of the aqueous extract of seeds of Datura metel (Solanaceae) on acute cardiotoxicity induced with doxorubicin in Wistar rats

The current study evaluated the cardioprotective effect of the aqueous extract of seeds of Datura metel (AESDM) on the acute cardiotoxicity induced with doxorubicin in the Wistar rats. Indeed, 30 rats have been randomized then, divided into 6 groups of 5 animals each: 3 control groups (normal, negative and positive) and 3 test groups (AESDM 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg). These animals received orally, six consecutive days, 1 mL/200 g distilled water (normal and negative control), 100 mg/kg Vitamin-E (positive control), AESDM at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg (test groups). On the seventh day of treatment, animals in the different groups excepted the normal control received a single intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg doxorubicin followed respective treatments up to the tenth day of the trial period. Serum parameters (ASAT/ALAT), biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH) and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL) were evaluated. Histological sections of animal hearts were prepared. The results of this study showed that treatment with AESDM resulted in a significant decrease (P ˂ 0.001) in MDA, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels, ASAT/ALAT activity and a significant increase (P ˂ 0.001) in HDL-cholesterol concentration and SOD, CAT and GSH activities, compared to the negative control. Histological observation revealed that AESDM protected the heart from doxorubicin-induced damage. In conclusion, AESDM would have a cardioprotective effect that could be attributed to its antioxidant potential.

Effects of resveratrol against scattered radiation-induced testicular damage in rats

Abstract Objectives To investigate the possible protective effects of resveratrol against oxidative testicular damage due to scattered radiation during pelvic ionizing radiation exposure in rats. Methods Rats were divided into 5 groups; control, radiation, and radiation + resveratrol therapy in early and late periods. Under anesthesia, 20 Gy ionizing radiation was applied to prostatic region. Resveratrol was administered (10 mg/kg/day) orally before ionizing radiation exposure. Animals were decapitated at the end of 1st and 10th weeks. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress; caspase-3 and sirtuin-1 protein expressions; testosterone levels were evaluated, histological examinations were performed. Results Significant increases in malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels, myeloperoxidase, and caspase-3 activities were observed after ionizing radiation exposure, also superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities were significantly decreased. Radiotherapy increased caspase-3 and decreased sirtuin-1 protein expressions. Resveratrol treatment significantly reversed these parameters and also reversed the decrease in testosterone levels back to control levels in late period. Conclusion Resveratrol showed antioxidant and sirtuin-activating properties against oxidative damage caused by scattered radiation to testis and provided hormonal protection. These results suggest that resveratrol may be an alternative protective agent on testicular tissues against the effects of scattered pelvic radiation.

The biochemical marker of oxidative stress - MDA might explain the correlation between aspartame ingestion and anxiety disorder

The biochemical marker of oxidative stress - MDA might explain the correlation between aspartame ingestion and anxiety disorder

Modafinil Alleviates Rotenone-Induced Neurochemical changes and Striatal Neurodegeneration via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation

Objectives of study are around investigation the effect of the central nervous system stimulant modafinil on brain striatum neurodegeneration caused by subcutaneous (s.c.) rotenone administration in rats, further, the possible modulation by modafinil on L-dopa effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and nigrostriatal cell damage. Seven groups of Male albino mice received dimethyl sulfoxides.c., rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, s.c., 3 times per week), rotenone/L-dopa (25 mg/kg, p.o., daily), rotenone/modafinil (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg respectively, p.o., daily), rotenone/L-dopa/modafinil (0.2 mg/kg, p.o. daily). The treatment was continued for 2 weeks. Mice were tested for behavioral changes 24h after the end of treatments.Mice were evaluated for brain biochemical markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide), pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α, interlukin-1beta) and dopamine level. Histopathologic examination and the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein caspase-3 were also performed. Rotenone significantly elevated oxidative stress and pro-inflammation, decreased dopamine, induced substantianigra damage with caspase-3-mediated apoptosis respectly to the control levels. Results of modafinil or its combination with L-dopa may have potential therapeutic effect in Parkinson’s disease by decreasing pro-inflammation and oxidative stress, increasing dopamine, preventing the development of neuronal damage and reducing caspase-3 expression in the striatum.

Behavioral changes occur earlier than redox alterations in developing zebrafish exposed to Mancozeb.

As agriculture expands to provide food and wellbeing to the world's growing population, there is a simultaneous increasing concern about the use of agrochemicals, which can harm non-target organisms, mainly in the aquatic environment. The fungicide Mancozeb (MZ) has been used on a large-scale and is a potent inducer of oxidative stress. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more sensitive biomarkers designed to earlier biomonitoring of this compound. Here we tested the hypothesis that behavioral changes induced by sublethal MZ concentrations would occur first as compared to biochemical oxidative stress markers. Embryos at 4h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to Mancozeb at 5, 10 and 20μg/L. Controls were kept in embryo water only. Behavioral and biochemical parameters were evaluated at 24, 28, 72, and 168 hpf after MZ exposure. The results showed that MZ significantly altered spontaneous movement, escape responses, swimming capacity, and exploratory behavior at all exposure times. However, changes in ROS steady-stead levels and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were observable only at 72 and 168 hpf. In conclusion, behavioral changes occurred earlier than biochemical alterations in zebrafish embryos exposed to MZ, highlighting the potential of behavioral biomarkers as sensitive tools for biomonitoring programs.

Investigation of anti-Parkinson activity of dicyclomine

Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The major causative factors that progress the PD are age, genetic abnormalities, environmental factors and degeneration of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra. PD normally exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on striatal cholinergic interneurons. Anticholinergics act by normalizing the disequilibrium between striatal dopamine and acetylcholine-resulted reduction in tremors. Objective This study sought to evaluate the anti-Parkinson potential of dicyclomine in haloperidol (HAL)- and paraquat (PQT)-induced Parkinsonism models in mice. Materials and methods Sixty albino mice were divided into six groups (n = 10) for each model. Group I: received distilled water 1 mL/kg, Group II: diseased group received HAL (1 mg/kg) for consecutive 21 days and PQT (2 mg/kg) every three days for three weeks, Group III: treated with sinemet (20 mg/kg), Group IV–VI: received 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg dose of dicyclomine, respectively, for consecutive 21 days. The effect of treatments on spontaneous locomotor activity and motor co-ordination was evaluated by using open field, rotarod, actophotometer and light and dark box tests. Cataleptic behavior was estimated by the block method and triple horizontal bar apparatus. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress and levels of neurotransmitters were estimated. Results Findings from this study showed that dicyclomine at highest dose level of 160 mg/kg prevented HAL- and PQT-induced PD through enhancement of antioxidant defense system. Conclusion The study concluded that dicyclomine could be the potential drug in the management of Parkinsonism.

Aluminium Rhizotoxicity in Cicer arietinum

The effects of aluminium (Al)-induced alterations on elongating radicles of Cicer arietinum L. were studied in relation to growth and biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Elongating radicles (c. 1 mm) were treated with 0–3 mM aluminium chloride (pH 4.5) for seven days at room temperature (26 ± 2°C). The results indicated that exposure to Al significantly inhibited radicle growth. This growth inhibition was accompanied by excessively high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The levels of ROS were significantly positively correlated with Al concentration. Levels of lipid and protein oxidation products increased significantly with an increase in Al concentration, and were significantly positively correlated with ROS levels. On the other hand, Al stress significantly decreased the activities of selected enzymatic antioxidants. Collectively, the results suggest that Al rhizotoxicity in C. arietinum is partially mediated by oxidative stress brought about by excessive ROS production and reduced antioxidant scavenging activity.