Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow Research Articles

Numerical scrutinization of heat transfer subject to physical quantities through bioconvective nanofluid flow via stretching permeable surfaces

Background: The mechanics of heat and mass transfer via nanofluid flow across many media are currently being discussed. “Nanofluids” are fluids that include highly heat-conductive nanoparticles, and they are essential for resolving engineering problems. Under the effects of activation energy, thermal radiation, and motile microorganisms, the process of heat and mass transfer through steady nanofluid flow crosses over stretched surfaces in this scenario.Methodology: For mathematical evaluation, the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is used to describe this physical framework. By introducing suitable similarity variables with a set of boundary conditions, this mathematical system of PDEs has become a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To obtain numerical results, the MATLAB built-in program “bvp4c” is used to solve the system of first-order equations.Results: In the findings and discussion section, the resulting outcomes are thoroughly examined and visually shown. The flow rate in these systems increases due to the erratic movement of microorganisms. The graphical representation shows the impacts of involving physical factors on the microorganism, thermal, concentration, and momentum profiles. Variations/changes in these profiles can be observed by adjusting the parametric values, as depicted in the graphs. Consequently, thermal transport is boosted by 25%. Additionally, the skin friction, Nusselt, Sherwood, and microbe density numbers are determined numerically. The findings demonstrate that increasing the magnetic field parameter causes the velocity profile to decrease, increasing the radiation parameter leads to an increase in temperature description, and increasing the Lewis number causes the microorganism profile’s transport rate to decrease.

Thermally radiative bioconvective nanofluid flow on a wavy cylinder with buongiorno model: A sensitivity analysis using response surface methodology

The significant impact of nanotechnology has turned the ordinary into the excellent in the ever-changing environment of science and technology. Recent times have seen a dramatic transformation as advances in science and technology continue to push us into the domain of nanoscale innovation. Fluid flow over a range of geometries is involved in the physical processes of heat and mass transfer subject to the constraints. These phase change systems are also converted into the latest technology by improving the thermal conductivity of the fluids through the mixing of nanoparticles in the ordinary base fluid. This approach makes things finer and quicker from the perspective of efficiency and structure. It has many applications in various domains especially in nano-medicines, chemotherapy, microprocessors, refrigeration, and biotechnology. In this work, nanofluid flow through a wavy cylinder is considered in the existence of thermal radiation, activation energy, and motile microorganisms. The physical model is computationally solved by developing a system of PDE's (partial differential equations) and then transformed into ODE's (ordinary differential equations) by the smooth implementation of similarity variables. The resultant ODE's numerically treated by the bvp4c built package of MATLAB and get the required results. These results are discussed and graphically visualized in the analysis section. For the validation of results, the statistical approach is implemented on the acquired results and shows the fitted model, contour plots, surface plots, residual plots, and streamlines of the involved parameters and their impacts on the model. The impact of involving physical quantities on flow velocity, thermal, concentration, and microorganism's density profiles also discussed. From the results, it is noted that the velocity profile increases by increasing the counts of mixed convection. Thermal distribution enhanced due to boosting the values of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The concentration of nanoparticles increased by increasing the magnetic field strength. The larger values of peclet number minimize the density of microorganisms. Skin friction coefficient is increased by around 28% and mass transport going to be increased by 36% due to the existence of microorganisms. The analysis of variance shows that our model is significant and the fitted summary also shows the fitness of model.

Analysis of heat, mass transfer, and microorganism density rates in bioconvection nanofluid flow under the influence of thermal radiation using response surface methodology

This article presents innovative studies on bioconvection caused by microorganisms in a nanofluid flow with nonlinear radiation effects over a vertical plate. The set of governing partial differential equations is transformed by the similarity transformation into a set of nonlinearly coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These are then solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The current findings are in remarkable agreement with the previous studies found in the literature. It is noted that the impact of bioconvection Lewis number and Peclet number on the microbe density rate profile gets reduced, and the increasing effect of the nonlinear thermal radiation parameter on the temperature profile is observed, which maintains the heat transmission distances inside the boundary layer. Additionally, the interactions of heat, mass transfer, and microbe density rates with the selected input parameters are discussed using the response surface methodology (RSM). This model is more applicable in a variety of fields, including synthetic biology, biofuel cells, and drug delivery devices.

Analysis of second grade nanofluid flow confined by lubricated disk with bioconvection

Thermal mechanism of non-Newtonian nanofluid coated by lubricated power law material has been theoretically worked out. The slip interaction constraints have been proposed for inspecting the thermal transport. The concept of microorganism is utilized to achieve the stabilization of the suspension of nanoparticles. The rheological constraints of nonlinear model are observed by second grade fluid. The flow phenomenon is governed by stagnation point flow. The second-grade (SG) axisymmetric bio-convective nanofluid flow across a moving surface is considered. The flow equations are simplified by the implementation of compatible similarity transformations. The resulting system is solved numerically and analytically by using a hybrid homotopy technique. With the use of a graph and tabular data, the importance of influencing parameters in relation to the velocity field, motile density microorganism’s, temperature and concentration profiles is investigated. The thermal profile is observed to be lowering with higher Prandtl number values. There is a noticeable drop in concentration and thermal profiles against higher viscoelastic parameter values. The microorganism profile is lower in the presence of bio-convected Lewis number. Moving from Newtonian fluid to non-Newtonian fluid, a decrease in motile organism and Nusselt number.

Non-similar analysis of MHD bioconvective nanofluid flow on a stretching surface with temperature-dependent viscosity

In this research, we explore the potential of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bioconvective nanofluids with varying viscosity through non-similarity analysis, aiming to enhance the thermal performance of biological and industrial systems. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in energy applications, motivating our investigation. To enhance heat transfer, we employ propylene glycol as the base liquid, incorporating silicon dioxide and molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials. This unique configuration enables efficient heat dissipation and accommodates inner heat sources or sinks. Our model relies on partial differentials, and we derive a non-similar dimensionless representation of the governing system using appropriate transformations. We utilize ordinary differential equations (ODEs), approximating local non-similarity (LNS), to estimate transformed non-similar partial differential equations (PDEs). Numerical simulations are performed using the bvp4c algorithm. Throughout our analysis, we present various physical parameters, demonstrating their importance in fluid flow and thermal transport through graphical and tabular representations. Our findings show that alterations in the magnetic parameter lead to changes in fluid velocity and temperature profiles. Similarly, adjustments in the viscosity parameter affect fluid velocity, and variations in the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter influence velocity profiles, with temperature profiles responding to changes in the Brinkman number and heat source parameter. Additionally, we observe concentration profile adjustments with shifts in the Schmidt number and enhanced migration of particles or components within the nanofluid with rising Soret numbers, impacting the concentration profile. Furthermore, an increased Peclet number positively influences microorganism profiles, while the Lewis number exhibits contrasting behavior. To further validate our approach, we present comparative analyses of skin friction coefficients and Nusselt numbers in tabular form. Our primary objective in this study is to formulate non-similar transformations tailored to the specific problem under consideration. These transformations aim to produce accurate and efficient results, providing valuable insights for future research endeavors in the field of nanofluid flows.

Bioconvection analysis of EMHD and dissipative Williamson nanofluid over a three dimensional Riga plate with Joule heating effect

ABSTRACT The current study investigates the weakly hydromagnetic and bioconvection nanofluid flow of Williamson fluid, which conveys gyrotactic microorganisms, over a three-dimensional Riga surface. The primary objective is to stabilize biological, mechanical, and thermal systems through the introduction of exponentially decaying rheology in both the momentum and energy equations, known as the electro-magneto-hydrodynamic actuator (EMHD). As such, the working fluid is assumed to be dissipative, with significant consideration given to the magnetic Reynolds number and a higher-order reaction rate. To simplify the phenomenon of suspended nanoparticles’ bioconvection, an appropriate similarity transformation is applied, converting the system of partial differential equations (PDEs) into systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To analyze the governing flow parameters, the numerical approach, Galerkin Weighted Residual Method (GWRM), is employed. The results are presented through tables and graphs, providing valuable insights. The findings of the study highlight that Hartmann number improves the weak movement of the Williamson fluid, thermophoresis number positively affects all flow distributions. Moreover, the temperature field is influenced by Brownian motion, leading to inflation, while the concentration field experiences a decrease due to a lower number of fluid particles available for reaction. Furthermore, higher buoyancy forces indicate significant fluid movement, resulting in a reduction in the Williamson fluid chemical reaction rate.

Thermal analysis of bioconvective nanofluid flow over a sphere in presence of multiple diffusions and a periodic magnetic field

The current work intends to describe the heat and mass transfer in the mixed bioconvective flow of nanofluid along the sphere. This analysis also takes into account the influences of a periodic magnetic field and the diffusions of species concentrations such as liquid ammonia and liquid hydrogen. The physical problem is represented as a collection of connected nonlinear partial differential equations with appropriate boundary constraints using the Boussinesq approximation. The Buongiorno two-phase model is utilized to examine the nanoparticle's effect on the fluid. The governing equations are represented in the dimensionless form by using nonsimilar transformations. Further, the implicit finite difference scheme and the technique of quasilinearization are employed for numerical computation. Graphs are used to discuss the findings. The skin friction coefficient increases by about 27%, and the heat transfer rate to the fluid from the surface decreases by about 30% when the periodic magnetic field escalates from 0 to 1. The nanoparticle's mass transfer rate increases by about 35% when the Lewis number grows from 5 to 10. Higher Peclet numbers are favorable to the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate, but not the microorganism's density number. The present numerical results obtained in this analysis were compared to earlier published work and found to be in excellent agreement.

Activity of motile microorganism in bioconvective nanofluid flow with Arrhenius activation energy

Activity of motile microorganism in bioconvective nanofluid flow with Arrhenius activation energy

New insight into the dynamics of non-Newtonian Powell-Eyring fluid conveying tiny particles on Riga plate with suction and injection

The purpose of the current work is to determine how a magnetic field, nonlinear thermal radiation, a heat source or sink, a Soret, and activation energy affect bio-convective nanofluid flow across a Riga plate in terms of heat transfer qualities. The major goal of this investigation is to enhance the heat transfer rate. The flow problem is demonstrated in the form of a collection of PDEs. Since the generated governing differential equations are nonlinear, we use a suitable similarity transformation to change them from partial to ODEs. The bvp4c package in MATLAB is used to numerically solve the streamlined mathematical framework. The impacts of numerous parameters on temperature, velocity, concentration, and motile microorganisms profiles are examined through graphs. Whereas, skin friction and Nusselt number are illustrated using tables. As the magnetic parameter values are raised, the velocity profile is seen to decrease and the temperature curve exhibits the opposite tendency. Additionally, the heat transfer rate expands as the nonlinear radiation heat factor is enhanced. Moreover, the outcomes in this investigation are more consistent and precise than in earlier ones.

Bioconvective nanofluid flow over an exponential stretched sheet with thermophoretic particle deposition

The current work is being done to investigate the flow of nanofluids across a porous exponential stretching surface in the presence of a heat source/sink, thermophoretic particle deposition, and bioconvection. The collection of PDEs (partial differential equations) that represent the fluid moment is converted to a system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) with the use of suitable similarity variables, and these equations are then numerically solved using Runge Kutta Fehlberg and the shooting approach. For different physical limitations, the numerical results are visually represented. The results show that increasing the porosity characteristics reduces velocity. The mass transfer decreases as the thermophoretic limitation increases. Increases in the porosity parameter reduce skin friction, increases in the solid volume fraction improve the rate of thermal distribution, and increases in the thermophoretic parameter increase the rate of mass transfer.

Computational study of bioconvection rheological nanofluid flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms: a model for bioengineering nanofluid fuel cells

ABSTRACT The recent advancements in using micro-organisms effectively for biofuels are the key reason for conducting this study. Therefore, the current theoretical work addresses the Oswald – DeWaele power-law models of bioconvection nanofluid flow containing both nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms. This study has examined two major elements of gyrotactic microorganisms: swimming behavior and the development of bioconvection structures. In addition, the Lie-group approach of transformations is used to establish similarity representations of the governing equations rather than the existing transformations. To achieve the model’s aims, the Legendre-based collocation method (LBCM) was adopted. The findings are analyzed using graphs to examine the patterns of the relevant parameters in the problem. Compared with existing results, the present analysis is effective, fast-converging, and accurate. The bioconvection parameters have a significant impact on the density of motile microorganisms, nanoparticle volume fraction, flow momentum, and temperature distribution. Furthermore, the current work finds application in nanofluid fuel.

Shape Effect of Nanoparticles on Nanofluid Flow Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms

In this paper, we discussed the effect of nanoparticles shape on bioconvection nanofluid flow over the vertical cone in a permeable medium. The nanofluid contains water, Al2O3 nanoparticles with sphere (spherical) and lamina (non-spherical) shapes and motile microorganisms. The phenomena of heat absorption/generation, Joule heating and thermal radiation with chemical reactions have been incorporated. The similarity transformations technique is used to transform a governing system of partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The numerical bvp4c MATLAB program is used to find the solution of ordinary differential equations. The interesting aspects of pertinent parameters on mass transfer, energy, concentration, and density of the motile microorganisms’ profiles are computed and discussed. Our analysis depicts that the performance of sphere shape nanoparticles in the form of velocity distribution, temperature distribution, skin friction, Sherwood number and Motile density number is better than lamina (non-spherical) shapes nanoparticles.

Swirling bioconvective nanofluid flow from a spinning stretchable disk in a permeable medium

ABSTRACT Medical engineering is increasingly deploying nanotechnology and bio-inspired designs in the 21st century. Motivated by studying the spin coating of bio-nanofluid materials, gyrotactic bioconvection nanofluid swirling coating flow from a spinning disk to an isotropic permeable medium is analysed. The balance equations for mass, momentum, thermal, concentration and microorganism species including blowing effects are transformed into ordinary differential equations and then the solutions are obtained numerically through MATLAB bvp4c quadrature. These solutions are further validated with Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Increasing radial momentum slip reduces the radial skin friction and increasing tangential slip suppresses the tangential skin friction. Nusselt number, nanoparticle Sherwood number and micro-organism density number gradient are, respectively, decreased with increment in thermal slip, nanoparticle mass slip and micro-organism slip factors. Combinations of bioconvection and nanofluids provide excellent advantages in designing anti-bacterial and resilient bio-coatings for many devices.

Bioconvection nanofluid flow through vertical rigid parallel plates with the application of Arrhenius kinetics: a numerical study

The flow of nanofluid bioconvection through a pair of vertical parallel plates in the presence of activation energy is investigated in this article. Motile microorganisms were added to induce bioconvection inside the non-Newtonian fluid to create a mixing-like phenomenon in the system. The gyrotactic microorganisms are one type of these microorganisms that move according to torques induced by gravitational and viscous forces in the system. The derived controlling set of partial differential equations (PDEs) is transformed into dimensionless ordinary differential Equations (ODEs) employing dimensionless parameters. The resulting nonlinear coupled differential equations with dimensionless boundary conditions are solved on computational software Matlab using bvp4c solver. Graphs demonstrate the physical importance of several evolving parameters on velocity distribution, nanoparticle concentration, temperature distribution, and motile microbe profile. Tables provide the numerical values of the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and motile density number. A numerical comparison with previous research is also performed to confirm that the reported results are accurate and legitimate.

Three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic non‐Newtonian bioconvective nanofluid flow influenced by gyrotactic microorganisms over stretching sheet

AbstractThe current manuscript deals with MHD Casson nanofluid flow in presence of gyrotactic microorganisms and convective conditions. Initially, partial differential equations are converted into first‐order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity variables, and then these ODEs are solved by applying mathematical simulation due to the highly nonlinear behavior of resulting equations. Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique is employed by following the shooting method and results are symbolically calculated in MATLAB software. The motive behind solving this model is to calculate the influence of various crucial fluid parameters, namely, Casson fluid parameter β (0.1 ≤ β ≤ 0.5), magnetic parameter M (1 ≤ M ≤ 5), Biot numbers (a (0.1 ≤ a ≤ 2.1), b (1 ≤ b ≤ 9), and d (0.5 ≤ d ≤ 2.5)), Brownian motion Nb (1 ≤ Nb ≤ 21), thermophoresis Nt (1.0 ≤ Nt ≤ 3.0), Peclet number Pe (1 ≤ Pe ≤ 5), bioconvective constant σ (1 ≤ σ ≤ 5), Lewis number Le (10 ≤ Le ≤ 50), bioconvective Lewis number Lb (1 ≤ Lb ≤ 5). It is inferred that thermal Biot number enhances temperature distribution and nanoparticle concentration declines with inclination in chemical reaction.

Effects of variable thickness on bioconvection nanofluid flow in the presence of gyrotactic over a slendering stretching sheet

In this article, the bioconvection of gyrotactic microorganisms past a stretched sheet embedded in a medium occupied with a water-based nanofluid has been studied. A stretched sheet of variable thickness has been considered here to unwrap the interesting features of bioconvective nanoliquid flow in the presence of gyrotactic. Using appropriate similarity transformation, the leading PDEs (partial differential equations) are reduced to a set of nonlinear odes (ordinary differential equations). The odes are then solved using the Runge–Kutta method and the shooting technique. The impacts of Brownian motion parameter, Lewis number, etc. on velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration, and the micro-organisms’ density profiles are analyzed and discussed in detail. Physical explanations have also been provided as far as practicable. The coefficients of local skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density of motile microorganisms have also been analyzed in detail through their graphical representations.

Numerical computation of magnetized bioconvection nanofluid flow with temperature-dependent viscosity and Arrhenius kinetic

The current study focused on the impact of activation energy and magnetic field on immiscible steady nanofluid moving over an elastic stretched surface containing motile gyrotactic microorganisms. We use the Reynolds exponential model to develop the mathematical modeling since the viscosity of the fluid is temperature-dependent. Under the presence of uniformly disseminated nanoparticles, the base fluid is electrically conductive. The Buongiorno model, which incorporates thermophoretic forces and Brownian motion, has been used. Using the spectral local linearization approach (SLLM), the looming nonlinear, coupled differential equations are numerically addressed. Because it is based on a smooth Uni-variant linearization of non-linear functions, the SLLM method is simple to construct and use. The numerical performance of SLLM is even better since it grows a collection of equations that are solved sequentially by operating the findings from one equation into the next. The successive over-relaxation technique was used to accelerate and enhance the convergence of the SLLM system. The reliability of the SLLM will be verified through the use of well-known techniques and comparisons with other data We have illustrated and analyzed in detail the graphical behavior of all emergent variables for temperature, velocity, and concentration distributions, and also the Nusselt number, Sherwood number, skin friction, and density number of motile microorganisms. It is significant to claim that the spectral local linearization approach has been demonstrated to be extremely stable and adaptive for the solution of non-linear differential equations.

Active and Passive Controls of Nanoparticles in Bioconvection Nanofluid Flow Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms

The present work deals with an investigation for the bioconvective flow of nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a permeable stretching surface embedded in a non-Darcy porous medium. Two varied cases of controlling nanoparticles say active and passive control have been studied. By introducing a similarity transformation, the governing boundary layer equations are converted into non-linear ordinary equations with pertinent boundary conditions and then solved numerically by a powerful programming MAPLE-18 which includes RK-4 method accompanied by shooting criteria. It is remarkably observed that the fluid velocity is decreased for the increasing value of the porosity parameter while it increases the fluid temperature for both types of control. Also, the present results divulge that the rate of heat transfer in the passive control model is remarkably higher than the active control model whereas the mass flux at the wall for the passive control model is lesser than the active control model.

Tangent hyperbolic non-Newtonian radiative bioconvection nanofluid flow from a bi-directional stretching surface with electro-magneto-hydrodynamic, Joule heating and modified diffusion effects

Tangent hyperbolic non-Newtonian radiative bioconvection nanofluid flow from a bi-directional stretching surface with electro-magneto-hydrodynamic, Joule heating and modified diffusion effects

Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux effect on upper-convected Maxwell nanofluid with gyrotactic motile microorganisms over a porous sheet

The bioconvection nanofluid flow study is one of the most popular topics since it has a wide variety of physical significance in biofuels, bioengineering, and medicinal research. The current study aims to investigate the features of two-dimensional UCM fluid (upper-convected Maxwell nanofluid) flow with Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux, motile microorganisms, and bioconvection across a porous sheet. The model incorporates Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects, as well as thermal radiation and activation energy. A proper similarity transformation transforms the governing system of partial differential equations into acceptable ODEs. We used the built-in numerical approach bvp4c in the commercial program MATLAB for the mathematical integration of the generated non-linear issue. The behavior of important physical factors is visually examined. The importance of engineering factors such as local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and local density number of microorganisms is also revealed. The stretching parameter increased the velocity field, but the magnetic parameter had the reverse effect. The velocity field is decreased for the increasing values of slip parameter and power-law index. The thermal field is increased for the higher variations of Biot number and temperature ratio parameter. Furthermore, species' thermal and solutal fields are lowered for more significant fluctuations in thermal and solutal relaxation parameters. The microbiological field is reduced when the bioconvection Lewis number increases.