Binary System Ethanol Research Articles

Volumetric properties under pressure for the binary system ethanol + toluene

The density of the asymmetrical binary system composed of ethanol and toluene has been measured under pressure using a vibrating tube densimeter. The measurements have been performed for nine different compositions including the pure compounds at eight temperatures in the range 283.15–353.15 K and ten isobars up to 45 MPa. The uncertainty in the measured densities is estimated to be 0.1 kg m −3. The measured data has been used to study the behavior and influence of temperature, pressure and composition on the isothermal compressibility, the isobaric thermal expansion, and the excess molar volume. At several temperatures the isobaric thermal expansion shows an non-monotonical behavior versus composition, whereas the excess molar volumes reveal a complex sigmoid behavior. These results have been interpreted as changes in the free-volume and as the formation and weakening of the molecular interactions. The VLE behavior of this binary system within the considered temperature range is represented satisfactory by the perturbed-chain statistical association fluid theory (PC-SAFT) equation of state with a single interaction parameter, although no cross association between ethanol and toluene is taken into account. The densities of this binary system (pure compounds and mixtures) are satisfactory predicted by PC-SAFT with an overall AAD of 0.8%, but the behavior of the excess molar volume is not described correctly.

Densities, Viscosities, and Refractive Indices for Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Ethanol, 2-Methylpropan-2-ol, and 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of the ternary system ethanol + 2-methylpropan-2-ol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at T = 298.15 K and the binary systems ethanol + 2-methylpropan-2-ol, eth...

Vapor–liquid equilibria and excess volumes of the binary systems ethanol + ethyl lactate, isopropanol + isopropyl lactate and n-butanol + n-butyl lactate at 101.325 kPa

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium data have been experimentally determined at 101.3 kPa for the binary systems ethanol + ethyl lactate, isopropanol + isopropyl lactate and n-butanol + n-butyl lactate. No azeotrope was found in any of the systems. All the experimental data reported were thermodynamically consistent according to the point-to-point method of Fredenslund. The activity coefficients were correlated with the NRTL and UNIQUAC liquid-phase equations and the corresponding binary interaction parameters are reported. The densities and derived excess volumes for the three mixtures are also reported at 298.15 K.

Pleconaril Polymorphs: Crystal Structures of Form I and Form III, Evidence of the Enantiotropy, and Assessment of the Structural Purity

Form I (HT) and form III (LT) of pleconaril are enantiotropically related with a calculated temperature of transition Tτ = 35.7 °C (supposing an ideal behavior). Structural data obtained from single crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K and room temperature show that (i) form I (HT) can be described as a network of dimers and form III can be described as a three-dimensional weakly H-bonded network of monomers. (ii) These two varieties contradict the density rule. (iii) The solid−solid transition (not observed) could only occur via a destructive−reconstructive mechanism. Investigations on the pleconaril−ethanol binary system show that the conversion form I ⇔ form III at Tτ = 31 ± 2 °C is only possible when mediated by a solvent. A favorable set of thermodynamical and kinetic conditions allows quantification of form I in form III down to 0.1% by using differential scanning calorimetry. To assess the structural purity, this method could be applied to other compounds fulfilling five restrictive conditions.

Thermodynamic investigation of the binary system of ethanol + benzene

The molar heat capacity of the binary system ethanol + benzene was measured by an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 80 to 320 K. The glass transition and phase transitions of the mixture were determined based on the curve of the heat capacity with respect to temperature. The glass transition occurred at 97.536 K, the enthalpy and entropy of the glass transition were calculated to be 1.796 kJ mol −1, 18.414 J mol −1 K −1, respectively. The phase transitions took place in temperature ranges 115.875–128.400, 146.778–159.015 and 256.645–274.981 K corresponding to the solid–solid phase transition of ethanol, solid–liquid phase transition of ethanol and solid–liquid phase transition of benzene, respectively. The corresponding enthalpies and entropies of the phase transition were calculated to be −1.266 kJ mol −1, −10.745 J K −1 mol −1; 2.166 kJ mol −1, 13.818 J K −1 mol −1; 5.390 kJ mol −1, 19.856 J K −1 mol −1, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic functions of the mixture relative to standard temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.

Relationship between the density of supercritical CO2+ ethanol binary system and its critical properties

The dependent relation between temperature and pressure of supercritical CO2+ ethanol binary system under the pressure range from 5 to 10 MPa with the variety of densities and mole fractions of ethanol that range from 0 to 2% was investigated by the static visual method in a constant volume. The critical temperature and pressure were experimentally determined simultaneously. The PTρ figures at different ethanol contents were described based on the determined pressure and temperature data, from which pressure of supercritical CO2 + ethanol binary system was found to increase linearly with the increasing temperature. P-T lines show certain convergent feature in a specific concentration of ethanol and the convergent points shift to the region of higher temperature and pressure with the increasing ethanol compositions. Furthermore, the effect of density and ethanol concentration on the critical point of CO2 + ethanol binary system was discussed in details. Critical points increase linearly with the increasing mole fraction of ethanol in specific density and critical points change at different densities. The critical compressibility factors Zc of supercritical CO2 + ethanol binary systems at different compositions of ethanol were calculated and Zc-ρ figure was obtained accordingly. It was found from Zc-ρ figure that critical compressibility factors of supercritical CO2 unitary or binary systems decline linearly with the increasing density, by which the critical point can be predicted precisely.

Isothermal vapour–liquid equilibria and excess molar volumes in the binary ethanol + methyl propanoate or methyl butanoate systems

Vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the binary systems ethanol+methyl propanoate and ethanol+methyl butanoate at 326.30 and 346.30 K and vapour pressures (VPs) for both esters were measured by a circulation method. The two systems exhibit azeotropic behaviour. The VLE data were correlated using the Redlich–Kister, Wilson and NRTL equations. Molar excess volumes for the binary systems at 298.15 K were determined and correlated.

Critical concentration fluctuations of the ionic binary mixture ethylammonium nitrate-n-octanol: an ultrasonic spectrometry study.

Between 200 kHz and 130 MHz, the ultrasonic attenuation spectrum of the ionic ethylammonium nitrate--n-octanol mixture of critical composition has been measured at various reduced temperatures (1.5 x 10(-4)<or= t <or=5.7 x 10(-2)). Using static and dynamic light scattering data as well as viscosity and heat capacity data from the literature, the experimental spectra have been evaluated to yield the scaling function, with the background contribution to the spectra as the only adjustable parameter. Agreement, within the limits of experimental error, of the measured scaling function with that of the nonionic binary system ethanol--dodecane and with the theoretical predictions of the Bhattacharjee-Ferrell dynamic scaling model is found. The amplitude of the fluctuation correlation length xi(o) (=0.47 nm) and the amount of the coupling constant /g/ (=1.3) are rather high as compared to nonionic binary critical mixtures. The amplitude of the relaxation rate of order parameter fluctuations Gamma(o)(=2.6 x 10(8) s(-1)) exhibits an unusual small value, likely to the most part a reflection of the high viscosity and thus small diffusion coefficient of the ionic liquid.

Azeotropic and heats of mixing data for various binary systems with diethoxymethane

Reliable azeotropic data have been measured for the binary systems ethanol+diethoxymethane, diethoxymethane+1-propanol, diethoxymethane+heptane, and cyclohexane+diethoxymethane with the help of a wire band column. Additionally molar excess enthalpies ( H E) for the binary mixtures of diethoxymethane with hexane, 1-octene, methanol and ethanol at 363.15 K have been determined with an isothermal flow calorimeter. The experimental data were compared with the results using the available “ether” main group of the group contribution method Modified UNIFAC (Dortmund), which is a well-known model for the prediction of phase equilibria and excess properties. For the description of the H E data a Redlich–Kister polynomial was also used. The aim of this work is to supplement the available data base for acetal systems required for the introduction of a new “acetal” group in the Modified UNIFAC (Dortmund) model.

Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for the Binary System 3-Methylpentane + Ethanol and for the Ternary System 2-Methyl-2-propanol + Ethanol + 3-Methylpentane at 101.3 kPa

Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria data were measured for the 3-methylpentane + ethanol binary system and 2-methyl-2-propanol + ethanol + 3-methylpentane ternary system at 101.3 kPa in a temperature range from 329 to 356 K. The data were found to be thermodynamically consistent according to the Van Ness−Byer−Gibbs method for the binary system and according to the McDermott−Ellis method for the ternary one. The binary system shows a minimum boiling azeotrope that boils at 327.9 K and contains 71.4 mol % 3-methylpentane. The binary interaction parameters obtained from this work and literature data are used to predict the vapor−liquid equilibrium for the ternary system using the UNIQUAC, NRTL, and Wilson models. The ternary system is well predicted from binary data.

Densities, Refractive Indices, and Excess Molar Volumes of Binary and Ternary Systems Containing Isobutyl Alcohol, Ethanol, 2-Methylpentane, and Methyl tert-Butyl Ether at 298.15 K

This paper reports experimental densities and refractive indices of binary and ternary systems containing isobutyl alcohol, ethanol, 2-methylpentane, and methyl tert-butyl ether over the whole composition range of mixtures at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. From these data, excess molar volumes VE have been calculated. These results are fitted to the Redlich−Kister and Cibulka polynomial equations to derive the binary and ternary coefficients, respectively.

Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for Binary and Ternary Systems Composed of 2-Methoxy-2-methylpropane, Ethanol, 2-Methyl-2-propanol, and Octane at 101.3 kPa

Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria for two ternary systems, 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane (MTBE) + ethanol + 2-methyl-2-propanol and ethanol + 2-methyl-2-propanol + octane, and one binary system, ethanol + 2-methyl-2-propanol, have been measured at 101.3 kPa. The measurements were made in an equilibrium still with circulation of both the vapor and liquid phases. Both ternary systems and the binary system ethanol + 2-methyl-2-propanol do not form azeotropes. The three constituent binary systems of MTBE + ethanol, MTBE + 2-methyl-2-propanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol + octane, which were measured in our previous work, are also not azeotropes. The other constituent system ethanol + octane, measured in our previous work, forms a minimum azeotrope. The experimental data for the binary systems were correlated with the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) equation. The NRTL equation yielded a good prediction of activity coefficients for the ternary systems from the parameters of the correlated binary systems.

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium for binary and ternary mixtures of ethanol+2-methyl-2-propanol and 2-methylpentane+ethanol+2-methyl-2-propanol

Consistent vapor–liquid equilibrium data for the binary and ternary systems ethanol+2-methyl-2-propanol (TBA) and 2-methylpentane+ethanol+TBA are reported at 101.3 kPa. In the binary system, the results indicate a negative deviation from ideality and no azeotrope is present. The ternary system shows negative and positive deviations from ideality, does not present azeotrope, and is well predicted from binary data. The activity coefficients and boiling points of the solutions were correlated with its composition by Wilson, UNIQUAC and NRTL equations.

Energy fluctuations in steady-state binary nucleation

An analytical method to obtain the steady-state nucleation flux of binary liquid droplets is developed. The method is based on the solution of a Fokker - Planck equation for the concentration of clusters where both number (size) and cluster-energy fluctuations are included. The Fokker - Planck equation is solved in the vicinity of the saddle point. The kinetic prefactor is found to depend on the product of the three eigenvalues of a matrix that describes fluctuations about the critical cluster. The explicit, analytical expression for the total steady-state nucleation rate is applied to the water - ethanol binary system. The model predicts a nucleation rate that is slightly higher than the classical nucleation rate.

Bubble points measurement for system chloroformethanolbenzene by inclined ebulliometer

An inclined ebulliometer with a pump-like stirrer which can realize the quasi-static operation was designed. By using this apparatus bubble points were measured for the binary systems ethanolchloroform at temperature from 306 K to 348 K, benzeneethanol at temperature from 295 K to 347 K and ternary system chloroformethanolbenzene at 101.33 kPa and 79.99 kPa. The comparison between the experimental and literature results for binary systems are given. The ternary VLE was predicted by using Kohler's model with binary parameters alone.

Chlorofluorohydrocarbon—alcohol mixtures: bubble pressures and saturated liquid molar volumes (experimental data and modeling)

A static apparatus, described elsewhere, fitted with a variable volume cell was used to obtain new data. Results are given at two temperatures for the 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (C 2F 3Cl 3)—ethanol and 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (C 2F 4Cl 2)—ethanol binary systems and four temperatures for the 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane—trifluoroethanol and monochlorodifluoromethane (CHF 2Cl)—trifluoroethanol binary systems. Solubility data are well represented with nonclassical mixing rules and temperature-dependent binary interaction parameters for all the cubic equations of state used. However, the Trebble—Bishnoi—Salim equation of state yields the best simultaneous representation of saturated liquid molar volumes

Effects of propylene glycol diesters of caprylic and capric acids (Miglyol® 840) and ethanol binary systems on in vitro skin permeation of drugs

Miglyol® 840, propylene glycol diesters of caprylic and capric acids, in binary systems with ethanol markedly improved the in vitro skin permeation rate of several transdermal drug candidates such as tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA), diltiazem, atenolol, tazifylline and hydrocortisone, as compared to ethanol or Miglyol® 840 alone across human and hairless mouse skin. The addition of ethanol to Miglyol® 840 improved the drugs' skin permeation rates primarily as a result of increasing the drugs' solubility. The addition of ethanol to Miglyol® 840 also improved the relative permeation rate (permeation rate/initial concentration) of ethanol. No local irritation (erythema or edema) was noted over a 24 h period among four human volunteers wearing patches containing the binary vehicle, ethanol: Miglyol® 840 (20:80) or ethanol: Miglyol® 840 (40:60).

Vapour—liquid equilibrium in ternary system N, N-dimethyl-formide + water + ethanol at 313.15 K

Total vapour pressure measurements for the ternary system N, N-dimethylformamide—water—ethanol, as well as for binary constituents at 313.15 K, determined by a modified static method are presented. The data obtained for the binary system were correlated by the Redlich-Kister, NRTL, Wilson and UNIQUAC equations. A possible prediction of the ternary VLE from the binary data on the basis of NRTL, Wilson and UNIQUAC equations was proved. The ternary data were also subject to correlation by making use of the empirical equation with adjusted values of the empirical constants. A comparison was made of the results for the binary system ethanol—water with the data given in the literature.

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of methyl butanoate with ethanol and 1-propanol binary systems

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of methyl butanoate with ethanol and 1-propanol binary systemsJuan Ortega, Pedro Susial, and Casiano De AlfonsoCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1990, 35, 2, 216–219Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/je00060a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (441 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

The relationship between intrinsic dissolution rates and solubilities in the water—ethanol binary solvent system

Solubilities and intrinsic dissolution rates for alaproclate hydrochloride, oxazepam and dextropropoxyphene napsylate have been determined in binary mixtures of water and ethanol. On a log-log scale, a linear relationship between the solubilities and the corresponding intrinsic dissolution rates with a slope of 1.0 was found. A solubility range of four log-units was covered. However, dextropropoxyphene napsylate in pure ethanol appeared to diverge from this relationship. This was explained by a change in crystalline form as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry. By calculating the solubility in ethanol before the crystal form changed, a better fit for the solubility-intrinsic dissolution rate relationship was obtained.