Binary Shifts Research Articles

A dark matter probe in accreting pulsar-black hole binaries

The accretion of dark matter (DM) into astrophysical black holes slowly increases their mass. The rate of this mass accretion depends on the DM model and the model parameters. If this mass accretion effect can be measured accurately enough, it is possible to rule out some DM models, and, with the sufficient technology and the help of other DM constraints, possibly confirm one model. We propose a DM probe based on accreting pulsar-black hole binaries, which provide a high-precision measurement on binary orbital phase shifts induced by DM accretion into black holes, and can help rule out DM models and study the nature of DM.

Molecular dynamics investigation on Widom line of binary mixtures of supercritical carbon dioxide containing noble gases

This work focuses on the effects of the addition of noble gases (Xe and Kr) at different concentrations on the thermodynamic properties and Widom line (WL) of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2), as well as the microstructures of the binary mixture at different thermodynamic state points. Three thermodynamic properties (volume expansivity αp, isothermal compressibility κT, and isobaric heat capacity Cp) of CO2 + Xe and CO2 + Kr binary mixtures are investigated in the near-critical region (280–370 K, 8–14 MPa), and both of them significantly reduce the peaks of the three thermodynamic properties compared to pure CO2, and this effect enhances as the concentration of noble gases increases. The WL constructed by the maxima of the three thermodynamic properties of the CO2 + Xe binary mixture rotates clockwise around the critical point on the P-T plane as the concentration of Xe increases, while the same WL of the CO2 + Kr binary mixture shifts in the direction of temperature decrease on the P-T plane as the concentration of Xe increases. The Radial distribution function (RDF) of Xe and Kr in CO2 binary mixtures both exhibit significant first and blurry second peaks of RDF in the near-critical region consistent with pure CO2, which suggests the miscibility and homogeneity between CO2 and the two noble gases combined with visualization of the simulated mixture system.

The synergetic action of FeVO4 and h-BN for decontamination of industrial wastewater pollutants and the assessment of phytotoxicity

The research's primary objective is to successfully utilize the sol-gel method to synthesize FeVO4/h-BN nanocomposite with a smaller bandgap than h-BN (hexagonal boron nitride). The nanocomposite was examined using various techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis, PL, FT-IR, XPS, EIS, and Mott-Schottky analysis, to properly evaluate its structure, optical activity, vibrational properties, chemical compositions, and electrochemical studies. The FeVO4/h-BN binary nanocomposite shifts the band gap of synthesized h-BN from 5.8 eV to 2.01 eV. The composite's morphology made it abundantly clear that the spherical FeVO4 was anchored together in a sheet of h-BN. A phytotoxicity test was conducted after the photocatalytic degradation of industrial wastewater from textiles. Correspondingly, interpretation of the photocatalytic process showed the FeVO4/h-BN nanocatalyst degraded against industrial wastewater (IWW), Congo red (CR), and Methylene blue (MB) dye by up to 92.5%, 86.4%, and 96.4%, and antibiotics like metronidazole (MNZ) and cephalexin (CPX) up to 95.8% and 83.5% respectively, within 60 min under visible light. Numerous Physiochemical parameters intensity in the degraded IWW had greatly reduced, denoting lessened toxicity. To understand the photocatalytic degradation mechanism, trapping experiments with different scavengers were pursued. The scavenger study's evidence suggests that holes (h+) deserve greater suspicion for the degradation process. The material's potential for recycling was examined, and it was found to have significant potential insight into recycling prospects. In actual textile wastewater, the FeVO4/h-BN degrading tactic proved itself to be an efficient as well as economical choice.

Dynamic Evolutionary Analysis of the Impact of Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Green Innovation Heterogeneity—From the Perspective of Binary Innovation

In the current era of increasingly frequent international exchanges and countries’ increasing emphasis on green development, exploring the complex relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and green innovation has become an important research topic. Taking the binary innovation perspective as an entry point, this paper is devoted to exploring the heterogeneous impact and dynamic evolution of OFDI on green innovation since China’s accession to the WTO. The purpose is to form a more comprehensive and specific understanding of how OFDI affects green innovation. By sorting out the characteristics of economic development at the early stage of China’s WTO accession and implementation of the “going out” strategy, the period of counter-trend growth of OFDI after the financial crisis, and the “new normal” period of China’s transformation and development, this paper analyzes in detail the impact of OFDI on green innovation and green binary innovation in each stage. According to the study, the coefficients of the effects of OFDI on green innovation in the three stages are 0.214 (fully significant at the 1% level), −0.057 (insignificant), and 0.137 (significant at the 5% level), showing an overall effect of promoting–insignificant–promoting; In addition, the fact that the development orientation of OFDI is different at different stages leads to significant heterogeneity in its impact on green innovation and green binary innovation. The coefficients of OFDI on green exploratory innovation at the three stages are 0.064 (insignificant), −0.107 (significant at 10% level), and 0.099 (significant at 5% level), and the coefficients of OFDI on green exploitative innovation are 0.258 (fully significant at 1% level), −0.036 (insignificant) and 0.142 (significant at 5% level), respectively. The results reveal that OFDI on green binary innovation shifts from focusing on promoting green exploitative innovation to taking green binary innovation into account, and this heterogeneous performance effect matches the development characteristics of each stage. The results of the study show more clearly the association between OFDI and green innovation in China and provide new references for subsequent academic research and management practice.

Secure Outage Analysis of RIS-Assisted Communications With Discrete Phase Control

This correspondence investigates a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted wireless communication system with security threats. The RIS is deployed to enhance the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the data sent to a legitimate user. By deriving the distributions of the received signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs) at the legitimate user and the eavesdropper, we formulate, in a closed-form expression, a tight bound for the SOP under the constraint of discrete phase control at the RIS. The SOP is characterized as a function of the number of antenna elements, $N$, and the number of discrete phase choices, $2^b$. It is revealed that the performance loss in terms of SOP due to the discrete phase control is ignorable for large $N$ when $b\!\geq\!3$. In addition, we explicitly quantify this SOP loss when binary phase shifts with $b\!=\!1$ is utilized. It is identified that increasing the RIS antenna elements by $1.6$ times can achieve the same SOP with binary phase shifts as that by the RIS with ideally continuous phase shifts. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the accuracy of these theoretical observations.

Importance of quantum entanglement

An electron has a binary intrinsic property (spin “up” and “down”) and can have binary shifts (move to the right or left). Its spin can be combination of these two, and can have moves that can be combinations of those two. It can also be formed four pairs (intrinsic property, motion): up-left, up-right, down-left, down right. Even combinations of these four possibilities, which is an example of quantum entanglement. Similarly, photons have a binary intrinsic property, polarization. John Clauser and Alain Aspect experimentally observed that photon pairs can be in quantum entangled states formed with their polarization states. The third 2022 Nobel laureate in physics, along with the above researchers, Anton Zeilinger, experimentally demonstrated that quantum entanglement is applicable in information and quantum communication. Such applications, along with the quantum computing, quantum metrology, quantum microscopy, and others technologies, are called the “second quantum revolution”.

A novel Ni doped BaTiO3/h-BN nanocomposite for visible light assisted enhanced photocatalytic degradation of textile effluent and phytotoxicity evaluation

The objective of this research is to synthesize novel Ni–BaTiO3/h-BN nanocomposites. XRD, UV–Vis, PL, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, Zeta potential, XPS, BET, EIS, Mott- Schottky and LC-MS analyses were used to analyze the nanocomposite phase structure, band gap, electron-hole recombination rate, vibrational modes, morphology, elemental analysis stability, oxidation state, pore size distribution, and electron distribution. The nanocomposites have an average particle size of 32 nm, as measured using HR-TEM microscopy. The band gap of synthesized h-BN was found to be 3.82 eV, whereas the Ni–BaTiO3/h-BN binary nanocomposite shifts it to 2.43 eV. The nanocomposite photocatalytic efficiency was used to degrade textile effluent, followed by a phytotoxicity assessment of real textile effluent. Furthermore, the photocatalytic treatment analysis revealed that the 40 mg Ni–BaTiO3/h-BN catalyst degraded up to 81.4% and 86% against textile effluent and crystal violet (CV) dye within 120 min under visible light, respectively, and the concentrations of numerous Physico-chemical parameters of textile effluent have significantly decreased in deteriorated textile effluent. According to a pot study, the toxicity of the degraded textile effluent was reduced following photocatalytic treatment. To examine the mechanism, the photodegradation effectiveness of the catalyst was investigated utilizing various scavengers. From the scavenger study, it is found that the holes (h+) contribute more to the degradation process. In real textile dye wastewater, the Ni–BaTiO3/h-BN nanocatalyst was proved to be an excellent and low-cost degrading technique.

Number-theoretic positive entropy shifts with small centralizer and large normalizer

AbstractHigher-dimensional binary shifts of number-theoretic origin with positive topological entropy are considered. We are particularly interested in analysing their symmetries and extended symmetries. They form groups, known as the topological centralizer and normalizer of the shift dynamical system, which are natural topological invariants. Here, our focus is on shift spaces with trivial centralizers, but large normalizers. In particular, we discuss several systems where the normalizer is an infinite extension of the centralizer, including the visible lattice points and the k-free integers in some real quadratic number fields.

Attraction comes from many sources: Attentional and comparative processes in decoy effects

AbstractThe attraction effect emerges when adding a seemingly irrelevant option (decoy) to a binary choice shifts preference towards a target option. This suggests that choice behaviour is dynamic, i.e., choice values are developed during deliberation, rather than manifesting some pre-existing preference set. Whereas several models of multialternative and multiattribute decision making consider dynamic choice processes as crucial to explain the attraction effect, empirically investigating the exact nature of such processes requires complementing choice output with other data. In this study, we focused on asymmetrically dominated decoys (i.e., decoys that are clearly dominated only by the target option) to examine the attentional and comparative processes responsible for the attraction effect. Through an eye-tracker paradigm, we showed that the decoy option can affect subjects’ preferences in two different and not mutually exclusive ways: by focusing the attention on the salient option and the dominance attribute, and by increasing comparisons with the choice dominant pattern. Although conceptually and procedurally distinct, both pathways for decoy effects produce an increase in preferences for the target option, in line with attentional and dynamic models of decision making. Eye-tracking data provide further details to the verification of such models, by highlighting the context-dependent nature of attention and the development of similarity-driven competitive decisional processes.

Graphic Memories of the Civil Rights Movement by Jorge J. Santos

Reviewed by: Graphic Memories of the Civil Rights Movement by Jorge J. Santos Joanna Davis-McElligatt (bio) Jorge J. Santos, Jr. Graphic Memories of the Civil Rights Movement. University of Texas Press, 2019. 256 pp, $90, $29.95. Jorge J. Santos, Jr.'s Graphic Memories of the Civil Rights Movement: Reframing History in Comics is a compelling exploration of graphic novels and memoirs published since the mid-1990s that document the civil rights movement from the mid-1950s to the late 1960s. Graphic narratives, Santos explains, can reframe long-established histories of the movement by highlighting habitually overlooked people, places, and narratives central to its successes. In this way, graphic texts representing the classical period of civil rights history have the power to expand and reshape readerly (mis)conceptions of the movement's legacies. Of particular interest to Santos is the way graphic narratives resist simple representations of historical figures and events, such as Martin Luther King, Jr. or the Selma to Montgomery marches. In doing so, graphic histories can challenge our understanding of the subjects and moments that have become preserved in our collective memories of the movement. Most important are the ways these "civil rights graphic memories" encourage readers to think critically about the movement's historical archive by calling into question [End Page 237] what forms of evidence—Santos discusses primarily photographs and film—we accept as truthful or accurate portrayals of the movement (3). Reinforced for the public by monuments, street signage, and national holidays, the invocation of memories of the civil rights movement is always a political act. Careful reading of civil rights graphic memories, however, can push back against our "consensus memory" of the movement, a term defined by Renee C. Romano and Leigh Raiford and deployed by Santos in reference to the received state-sanctioned narratives evoked in popular memory which are thus widely subject to revision and appropriation in graphic narratives (4). Through an expansion of the visual and textual narratives that underpin consensus memories of the civil rights movement, Graphic Memories demonstrates how comics can be fruitful in reenvisioning the history of civil rights in various ways. In addition to an introduction and appendix featuring an interview with Ho Che Anderson, Graphic Memories includes five chapters and a chapter-length epilogue which are thematically linked. Though the chapters and the epilogue cover unique intellectual terrain, the throughline Santos draws throughout the monograph is the way each graphic text troubles or reinforces consensus memories of the movement. The first two chapters detail how Ho Che Anderson's King: A Comics Biography and John Lewis, Andrew Aydin, and Nate Powell's March trilogy, respectively, deliberately challenge consensus memories of iconic King-centered civil rights narratives. Anderson's King resists the figuration of an iconic MLK and defies simple categorizations of his legacy by constructing a narrative out of a complex bricolage of comics styles, photographs, and imagined dialogues which highlight King's essential unknowability. Lewis, Aydin, and Powell, conversely, elide the iconic King by troubling the relationship between the past and present through the use of panel bleeds, which encourage readers to conceive of history of the movement as ongoing rather than past. Chapters three and four explore how Lila Quintero Weaver's Darkroom: A Memoir in Black and White and Mark Long, Jim Demonakos, and Nate Powell's The Silence of Our Friends engage with perspectives beyond those typically associated with the consensus memory of the movement. Santos claims that, as a Latinx woman, Weaver provides readers with an alternate perception of the movement beyond the black-white binary, whereas Long, Demonakos, and Powell's Houston-based graphic narrative shifts reader's consensus memory to an unconventional civil rights southscape. The final chapter and epilogue take up Howard Cruse's Stuck Rubber Baby and a number of different series runs of Marvel's X-Men. Despite the fact that Cruse's examination of intersecting anti-gay and antiblack sentiments in the civil rights South challenges master narrative consensus memories, Santos argues that the lynching of the white gay activist Sammy Noone whitewashes and appropriates the movement's history. In his high-spirited and deeply personal epilogue, however, Santos suggests that X-Men...

Parseval Frames and the Discrete Walsh Transform

Suppose that N = 2n and N1 = 2n-1, where n is a natural number. Denote by ℂN the space of complex N-periodic sequences with standard inner product. For any N-dimensional complex nonzero vector (b0, b1,..., bN-1) satisfying the condition $${\left| {{b_l}} \right|^2} + {\left| {{b_{l + {N_1}}}} \right|^2} \leq \frac{2}{{{N^2}}},\;\;\;l = 0,1,...,{N_1} - 1,$$ we find sequences u0, u1,...., ur ∈ ℂN such that the system of their binary shifts is a Parseval frame for ℂN. It is noted that the vector (b0, b1,..., bN-1) specifies the discrete Walsh transform of the sequence u0, and the choice of this vector makes it possible to adapt the proposed construction to the signal being processed according to the entropy, mean-square, or some other criterion.

New Method of Prime Factorisation-Based Attacks on RSA Authentication in IoT

The potential benefits of the Internet of Things (IoT) are hampered by malicious interventions of attackers when the fundamental security requirements such as authentication and authorization are not sufficiently met and existing measures are unable to protect the IoT environment from data breaches. With the spectrum of IoT application domains increasing to include mobile health, smart homes and smart cities in everyday life, the consequences of an attack in the IoT network connecting billions of devices will become critical. Due to the challenges in applying existing cryptographic standards to resource constrained IoT devices, new security solutions being proposed come with a tradeoff between security and performance. While much research has focused on developing lightweight cryptographic solutions that predominantly adopt RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman) authentication methods, there is a need to identify the limitations in the usage of such measures. This research paper discusses the importance of a better understanding of RSA-based lightweight cryptography and the associated vulnerabilities of the cryptographic keys that are generated using semi-primes. In this paper, we employ mathematical operations on the sum of four squares to obtain one of the prime factors of a semi-prime that could lead to the attack of the RSA keys. We consider the even sum of squares and show how a modified binary greatest common divisor (GCD) can be used to quickly recover one of the factors of a semi-prime. The method presented in this paper only uses binary arithmetic shifts that are more suitable for the resource-constrained IoT landscape. This is a further improvement on previous work based on Euler’s method which is demonstrated using an illustration that allows for the faster testing of multiple sums of squares solutions more quickly.

Harmonic Interpolating Wavelets in Neumann Boundary Value Problem in a Circle

The Neumann boundary value problem (BVP) in a unit circle is discussed. For the solution of the Neumann BVP, we built a method employing series representation of given \(2 \pi\)-periodic continuous boundary function by interpolating wavelets consisting of trigonometric polynomials. It is convenient to use the method due to the fact that such series is easy to extend to harmonic polynomials inside a circle. Moreover, coefficients of the series have an easy-to-calculate form. The representation by the interpolating wavelets is constructed by using an interpolation projection to subspaces of a multiresolution analysis with basis \(2 \pi\)-periodic scaling functions (more exactly, their binary rational compressions and shifts). That functions were developed by Subbotin and Chernykh on the basis of Meyer-type wavelets. We will use three kinds of such functions, where two out of the three generates systems, which are orthogonal and simultaneous interpolating on uniform grids of the corresponding scale and the last one generates only interpolating on the same uniform grids system. As a result, using the interpolation property of wavelets mentioned above, we obtain the exact representation of the solution for the Neumann BVP by series of that wavelets and numerical bound of the approximation of solution by partial sum of such series.

Interpolation Wavelets in Boundary Value Problems

We propose and validate a simple numerical method that finds an approximate solution with any given accuracy to the Dirichlet boundary value problem in a disk for a homogeneous equation with the Laplace operator. There are many known numerical methods that solve this problem, starting with the approximate calculation of the Poisson integral, which gives an exact representation of the solution inside the disk in terms of the given boundary values of the required functions. We employ the idea of approximating a given 2π-periodic boundary function by trigonometric polynomials, since it is easy to extend them to harmonic polynomials inside the disk so that the deviation from the required harmonic function does not exceed the error of approximation of the boundary function. The approximating trigonometric polynomials are constructed by means of an interpolation projection to subspaces of a multiresolution analysis (approximation) with basis 2π-periodic scaling functions (more exactly, their binary rational compressions and shifts). Such functions were constructed by the authors earlier on the basis of Meyer-type wavelets; they are either orthogonal and at the same time interpolating on uniform grids of the corresponding scale or only interpolating. The bounds on the rate of approximation of the solution to the boundary value problem are based on the property ofMeyer wavelets to preserve trigonometric polynomials of certain (large) orders; this property was used for other purposes in the first two papers listed in the references. Since a numerical bound of the approximation error is very important for the practical application of the method, a considerable portion of the paper is devoted to this issue, more exactly, to the explicit calculation of the constants in the order bounds of the error known earlier.

A Systematic Search for Near-Infrared Counterparts of Nearby Ultraluminous X-ray sources (II)

We present the results of our continued systematic search for near-infrared (NIR) candidate counterparts to ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) within 10 Mpc. We observed 42 ULXs in 24 nearby galaxies and detected NIR candidate counterparts to 15 ULXs. Fourteen of these ULXs appear to have a single candidate counterpart in our images and the remaining ULX has 2 candidate counterparts. Seven ULXs have candidate counterparts with absolute magnitudes in the range between -9.26 and -11.18 mag, consistent with them being red supergiants (RSGs). The other eight ULXs have candidate counterparts with absolute magnitudes too bright to be a single stellar source. Some of these NIR sources show extended morphology or colours expected for Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), strongly suggesting that they are likely stellar clusters or background galaxies. The red supergiant candidate counterparts form a valuable sample for follow-up spectroscopic observations to confirm their nature, with the ultimate goal of directly measuring the mass of the compact accretor that powers the ULX using binary Doppler shifts.

Cocycle conjugacy classes of binary shifts

We show that every binary shift on the hyperfinite $II_1$ factor $R$ is cocycle conjugate to at least countably many non-conjugate binary shifts. This holds in particular for binary shifts of infinite commutant index.

Shared Processing Element Architecture for An Area and Power Efficient FIR Filter Design using Double Base Number System

In this paper, a modification to the double base number system (DBNS) architecture is proposed and implemented. The proposed design named Shared Processing Element Architecture (SPEA) utilizes the processing element based on time multiplexing. The architecture is area And power efficient when implemented for an FIR Filter Design Using Double Base Number System. The work utilizes the double base number system (DBNS) to encapsulate the binary shifts in tandem with several most frequently encountered common sub expressions but with the proposed modified architecture. The blocks are implemented and simulation outputs are observed. Timing and power analysis, analyzed through the Quartus 9.1-Cyclone II device family under the 90nm technology is done. In the future the FIR filter structure utilizing the proposed methodology will be implemented for adaptive filters.

Near-Perfect Reconstruction Oversampled Nonuniform Cosine-Modulated Filter Banks Based on Frequency Warping and Subband Merging

Near-Perfect Reconstruction Oversampled Nonuniform Cosine-Modulated Filter Banks Based on Frequency Warping and Subband MergingA novel method for designing near-perfect reconstruction oversampled nonuniform cosine-modulated filter banks is proposed, which combines frequency warping and subband merging, and thus offers more flexibility than known techniques. On the one hand, desirable frequency partitionings can be better approximated. On the other hand, at the price of only a small loss in partitioning accuracy, both warping strength and number of channels before merging can be adjusted so as to minimize the computational complexity of a system. In particular, the coefficient of the function behind warping can be constrained to be a negative integer power of two, so that multiplications related to allpass filtering can be replaced with more efficient binary shifts. The main idea is accompanied by some contributions to the theory of warped filter banks. Namely, group delay equalization is thoroughly investigated, and it is shown how to avoid significant aliasing by channel oversampling. Our research revolves around filter banks for perceptual processing of sound, which are required to approximate the psychoacoustic scales well and need not guarantee perfect reconstruction.

Binary shifts of higher commutant index

Binary shifts of higher commutant index

Modeling of Compositional Grading and Plus Fraction Properties Changes with Depth in Petroleum Reservoirs

In this work we use a nonisothermal model to predict compositional variation in a petroleum fluid column; at the same time, a nonisothermal model will be used to predict change of plus fraction molecular weight (and as a result all other its properties) with depth. We will investigate the effect of several factors as mode of characterization, binary interaction coefficients, volume shifts, and near-criticality on the change of physical properties, including bubble point pressure, solution gas–oil ratio, and oil formation volume factor. A computer program will be used to predict the location of the gas–oil contact and we will show how neglecting compositional grading (CG) can lead to serious errors in the calculated initial oil in place.