Binary Nanoparticles Research Articles

A Calibration-Free Optical Emission Spectroscopic Method to Determine the Composition of a Spark Discharge Plasma Used for AuAg Binary Nanoparticle Synthesis.

Spark discharge generators (SDGs) employ controlled gaseous environments to induce spark ablation of non-insulating electrodes, resulting in the formation of various nanostructures in the gas phase. The method offers technological advantages such as continuous particle production, scalable yield, and minimal waste. Additionally, the versatility of the process enables the generation of alloy nanoparticles from various material combinations, including immiscible ones. In order to fully exploit its potential, understanding the atomic mixing process during electrode ablation, particularly in the case of dissimilar electrodes, is crucial. Temporally and spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been previously demonstrated as an effective characterization tool for spark plasmas in SDGs. However, to gain a deeper insight into the vapor mixing process, it is essential to quantitatively determine the plasma composition in both space and time. This paper introduces a calibration-free OES-based method tailored for spark plasmas utilized in binary nanoparticle generation. The method introduces the so-called multi-element combinatory Boltzmann plots, which use intensity ratios of emission atomic lines from different materials, allowing for the direct estimation of total number concentration ratios. The approach is tested using synthetic spectra and validated with experimental spark spectra obtained near an alloyed gold-silver (AuAg) electrode with a known composition. The study demonstrates the capabilities and robustness of the proposed method, with a focus on the AuAg system due to its significance in plasmonic research and frequent synthesis using spark ablation.

Photo‐Induced Self‐assembly of Copolymer‐Capped Nanoparticles into Colloidal Molecules

AbstractColloidal molecules (CMs) are precisely defined assemblies of nanoparticles (NPs) that mimic the structure of real molecules, but externally programming the precise self‐assembly of CMs is still challenging. In this work, we show that the photo‐induced self‐assembly of complementary copolymer‐capped binary NPs can be precisely controlled to form clustered ABx or linear (AB)y CMs at high yield (x is the coordination number of NP‐Bs, and y is the repeating unit number of AB clusters). Under UV light irradiation, photolabile p‐methoxyphenacyl groups of copolymers on NP‐A*s are converted to carboxyl groups (NP‐A), which react with tertiary amines of copolymers on NP‐B to trigger the directional NP bonding. The x value of ABx can be precisely controlled between 1 and 3 by varying the irradiation duration and hence the amount of carboxyl groups generated on NP‐As. Moreover, when NP‐A* and NP‐B are irradiated after mixing, the assembly process generates AB clusters or linear (AB)y structures with alternating sequence of the binary NPs. This assembly approach offers a simple yet non‐invasive way to externally regulate the formation of various CMs on demand without the need of redesigning the surface chemistry of NPs for use in drug delivery, diagnostics, optoelectronics, and plasmonic devices.

Photo-Induced Self-assembly of Copolymer-Capped Nanoparticles into Colloidal Molecules.

Colloidal molecules (CMs) are precisely defined assemblies of nanoparticles (NPs) that mimic the structure of real molecules, but externally programming the precise self-assembly of CMs is still challenging. In this work, we show that the photo-induced self-assembly of complementary copolymer-capped binary NPs can be precisely controlled to form clustered ABx or linear (AB)y CMs at high yield (x is the coordination number of NP-Bs, and y is the repeating unit number of AB clusters). Under UV light irradiation, photolabile p-methoxyphenacyl groups of copolymers on NP-A*s are converted to carboxyl groups (NP-A), which react with tertiary amines of copolymers on NP-B to trigger the directional NP bonding. The x value of ABx can be precisely controlled between 1 and 3 by varying the irradiation duration and hence the amount of carboxyl groups generated on NP-As. Moreover, when NP-A* and NP-B are irradiated after mixing, the assembly process generates AB clusters or linear (AB)y structures with alternating sequence of the binary NPs. This assembly approach offers a simple yet non-invasive way to externally regulate the formation of various CMs on demand without the need of redesigning the surface chemistry of NPs for use in drug delivery, diagnostics, optoelectronics, and plasmonic devices.

Nanofountain Pen for Writing Hybrid Plasmonic Architectures

Self‐assembled colloidal nanostructures enable various interesting fabrication alternatives to current top‐down lithographic approaches for supporting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Recently, there have been numerous efforts to manipulate the LSPR in structural or compositional engineering using clustered nanoparticles (NPs). However, creating heterogeneous colloidal clusters comprising two or more types of NPs requires a complicated chemical synthesis of the linker molecules on the NP surfaces. Moreover, the traditional assembly methods pose several challenges to 3D manufacturing. Herein, a fountain pen‐inspired open‐microfluidic approach demonstrating an exquisite balance between evaporation and capillary action is reported. This approach enables the direct writing of binary NP clusters. Microcapillaries are designed to precisely control the evaporation and capillary action of the binary NP suspension ink at the tip. This approach effectively guides the growth of NP clusters along the out‐of‐plane direction to fabricate a freeform microarchitecture. The growth characteristics are theoretically explained using a simplified balancing model. In addition, the optical properties can be tuned precisely using multicolloidal NP mixing. A Janus pillar comprising plasmonic NPs and biomolecules is showcased as a microactuator operating under chemical stimuli. It is expected that the proposed method paves the way for manufacturing numerous interesting structures in nanophotonics.

Amorphous Fe–Mn binary oxides nanoparticles decorating waste bamboo biomass-based monolith for efficient arsenic removal with column adsorption

The removal of naturally occurring arsenic from aqueous media remains a challenging endeavor for the protection of public health and ecosystems. Herein, we devised a workable fresh-biomass-based monolith adsorbent by in situ generation of amorphous Fe–Mn binary oxides nanoparticles (Fe–Mn–O) on a waste bamboo biomass (MB) via a simple procedure of pre-oxidation plus co-precipitation. In the pre-oxidation process of MB, the surface underwent roughening and the manganese ions permeated deeply inside the biomass, both of which facilitated the loading of Fe–Mn–O (25.06 wt%). As a result, the Fe–Mn–O/MB had outstanding adsorption capacities of 33.41 and 36.88 mg g−1 for As(III) and As(V), respectively. XRD and FTIR analyses show that the amorphous structure of Fe–Mn–O with low-coordinated active centers provides numerous hydroxyl functional groups that enhance arsenic adsorption, moreover, oxidation of As(III) was realized. In different water matrix, the Fe–Mn–O/MB composite exhibited a retention of 87.33 % and 89.53 % of its original adsorption capacity for As(III) and As(V) after five cycles of reuse as well as enabled continuous operation in a fixed-bed system with a bed volume of around 1150. Therefore, this work provides a promising approach for efficient abatement of inorganic arsenic-caused water pollution.

Analyzing the thermal potential of binary 2D (h-BN/Gr) nanoparticles enhanced lauric acid phase change material for photovoltaic thermal system application

Thermal energy storage as latent heat is an effective strategy to preserve the excessive energy available. In this aspect, fatty acid phase change materials (PCMs) are promising materials since they have a high latent heat, nontoxic, and little sub-cooling. However, their inherently low thermal conductivity severely restricts their applicability. Herein, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene (Gr) binary nanoparticles (NPs) are taken as nano-additives to enhance thermal conductivity of lauric acid (LA). The NPs added PCM known as nano-enhanced phase change material (NePCM) is prepared by two-step method for thermo-physical characterization. According to an optical performance investigation using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis); optimal composite LBG2% (LA with 3 % h-BN and 2 % Gr NPs) displayed 78 % reduction in transmissibility compared to base LA. Further, LBG2% composites exhibited elevated thermal conductivity of LA by 97 %. Additionally, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) observed a slight variation in latent heat and melting temperature. Latent heat for composite LBG2% found to be as 176 Jg−1 with a reduction equal to NPs weight% as compared to base LA. Moreover, the preferred composite LBG2% displays chemical stability and thermal reliability after 500 heating/cooling cycles. The addition of LBG2% NePCM to a photovoltaic thermal system increased electrical and thermal efficiency to 9.41 % and 69 %, respectively, as compared to the photovoltaic thermal system alone, which was 7.1 % and 64 %. It can be concluded, the binary NPs enhanced composite LBG2% exhibited improved photoabsoprtion and thermal conductivity, along with thermal reliability and higher latent heat. The composite has significant application potential within the melting temperature range of 50 °C for employment in solar photovoltaic systems and other applications.

Use of Eutectic Effects in the Possible Creation of PCM Memory Cells on the Basis Ag–Cu Nanoclusters

Abstract—An attractive direction in the development of nanoelectronics is the development of a new generation of non-volatile storage devices, namely, electric phase memory or PC-RAM (Phase Change Random Access Memory). However, there are a number of unresolved problems here, such as: the stability of the amorphous phase, high power consumption, long information recording time, etc. In order to resolve these contradictions, a new approach was proposed, which consists in the use of Ag–Cu binary alloy nanoparticles as PC-RAM cells. To this end, the molecular dynamics method was used to study the processes of structurization of nanoparticles of this alloy with a size D = 2–10 nm of various target compositions with a variation in the rate of removal of thermal energy. Criteria for the stability of the amorphous and crystalline structure were evaluated, and conclusions were drawn about the target composition and size of nanoparticles suitable for creating phase-change memory cells. It was shown that in the case of the use of nanoparticles of the binary Ag–Cu alloy, it is possible to reduce the size of one cell to 6–8 nm, reduce the time of recording information to 2.5 ns, and, for the first time, based on the eutectic approach, achieve the stability of the amorphous and crystalline structure at different rates of thermal energy removal.

Bimetallic ZIF-derived heteroatomic-doped bioanode catalysts for enhanced power production in microbial fuel cells

Binary composite nanoparticles (NPs) are considered anode materials with development potential. Herein, we synthesized two composite NPs, namely Mn-Co3O4/NPs and Mn-Co9S8/NPs, by codoping O, S and C based on bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework (Co-Mn-ZIF) precursors. The modified carbon felt (CF) Mn-Co3O4/NPs@CF and Mn-Co9S8/NPs@CF integrated into the microbial fuel cells (MFCs) exhibited the highest volume power densities of 4.58 ± 0.11 and 5.12 ± 0.15 W m−3, respectively, which were higher than that of the precursor anode Co-Mn-ZIF (2.70 ± 0.07 W m−3). In addition, microbial community structure analysis showed that the Mn-Co3O4/NPs@CF and Mn-Co9S8/NPs@CF bioanodes were substantially enriched with electricity-producing bacteria such as Geoalkalibacter, Thermovirga, and Desulfuromonas. The synergistic effect of the binary metal composites along with their oxides and sulfides, facilitated the extracellular electron transfer and biofilm formation. These results demonstrate the advantageous properties of heteroatom-doped binary metal NPs, including high electrical conductivity and good biocompatibility. These NPs serve as excellent anode materials for fabricating high-performance MFCs.

Novel Natural Carrier-Free Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis by Balancing Immune Microenvironment and Intestinal Barrier.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory illness affecting the colon and rectum, with current treatment methods being unable to meet the clinical needs of ulcerative colitis patients. Although nanomedicines are recognized as promising anti-inflammatory medicines, their clinical application is limited by their high cost and unpredictable safety risks. This study reveals that two natural phytochemicals, berberine (BBR) and hesperetin (HST), self-assemble directly to form binary carrier-free multi-functional spherical nanoparticles (BBR-HST NPs) through noncovalent bonds involving electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding. Because of their synergistic anti-inflammatory activity, berberine-hesperetin nanoparticles (BBR-HST NPs) exhibit significantly better therapeutic effects on UC and inhibitory effects on inflammation than BBR and HST at the same dose by regulating the immune microenvironment and repairing the damaged intestinal barrier. Furthermore, BBR-HST NPs exhibit good biocompatibility and biosafety. Thus, this study proves the potential of novel natural anti-inflammatory nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for UC, which could promote the progress of drug development for UC and eventually benefit patients who suffering from it.

Dynamics of blood conveying copper, gold, and titania nanoparticles through the diverging/converging ciliary micro-vessel: Further analysis of ternary-hybrid nanofluid

Following the relevance and significance of blood transporting copper, gold, and titania nanoparticles through the diverging/converging ciliary micro-vessel in biomedical and physiological applications, little is known about the dynamics using Jeffrey fluid model, with a focus on the influence of specific regulatory factors. This report presents the results of a mathematical simulation for evaluating the hemodynamic effects of a bloodstream infused with ternary hybrid nanoparticles through a diverging/converging ciliary micro-vessel while taking into account the combined effects of a heat source, buoyancy, viscoelastic, electro-osmotic, and Lorentz forces. The homotopic perturbing approach was used to address the re-scaled leading equations. The ternary-hybrid nano-blood velocity is elevated by electroosmosis and the aiding Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity parameters in the core domain of the diverging/converging tube, but the opposite tendency is seen in the tube's perimeter zone. The circulation of the ternary-hybrid nanofluid is reduced by lengthening the cilia. Diversely shaped ternary-hybrid nanoparticles are employed in surgical procedures to attain the required heat flow rate. Increased blood loadings of ternary-hybrid nanoparticles are associated with increased blood temperature. Additionally, ternary nanoparticles have more effective physio-thermal properties when injected into the circulation (117.6%) compared to binary (89%) or unitary (48.3%) nanoparticles. Additionally, the divergent micro-vessel wall has a faster heat transfer rate than the convergent one.

Kinetic study of Ni-M/CNT catalyst in methane decomposition under microwave irradiation

Methane catalytic decomposition has been studied with catalysts that can attenuate the energy of electromagnetic waves to heat and drive the reaction. Herein, we report, for the first time, a comprehensive kinetic study of Ni-M (M=Pd, Cu, or Fe)-CNT catalysts under microwave irradiation. These binary metal alloy nanoparticles have been synthesized on multiwalled carbon nanotube support with solvothermal process. These catalysts showed incredible performance for both absorbing microwave energy and catalyzing the reaction to form carbon nanotubes and hydrogen. Ni-M-CNT has a reaction order of 0.74. 10Ni-1 Pd-CNT, 10Ni-1Cu-CNT, and 10Ni-1Fe-CNT have activation energies at 87, 75, and 69 kJ/mol. The investigation was carried out in a differential reactor. The results indicated that 10Ni-1Fe-CNT had the lowest activation energy due to the increase in microwave susceptibility. This work pioneered the microwave catalytic methane decomposition field as well as paving the way for future electrification of COx-free hydrogen production.

Hyaluronic acid/cellulose acetate polymeric mixture containing binary metal oxide nano-hybrid as low biodegradable wound dressing

Wound dressing from a polymeric mixture of cellulose acetate (CA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) embedded with copper oxide (CuO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles as a scaffold was successfully fabricated. Several methods, including X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), contact angle, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were employed to characterize the prepared nanocomposite samples. The data obtained from XRD showed that pure HA with diffraction peaks at 2θ = 20.8°, 46.7°, and 63.2° that assigned to the semi-crystalline nature of HA. At the same time, the XRD pattern of the CuO@CA nanocomposites revealed the presence of a sharp crystalline peak at 2θ = 36°, representing the presence of the CuO nanomaterial. In addition, the typical cubic MgO peaks in the MgO@CA showed the pattern at 2θ = 43.1° and 62.5°. Furthermore, the diffraction pattern of CuO/MgO@HA/CA film shows strong crystallinity since its diffraction peaks are stated at 2θ = 8.8°, 13.01°, 29.6°, and 53.5° which represents CuO nanoparticles and the polycrystalline cubic structure of MgO nanoparticles exhibit several peaks at 2θ = 29.4°, 31°, 38.7°, 42.2°, and 63°. FTIR spectra of CuO/MgO@HA/CA displayed bands at 657 cm−1 and 843 cm−1 which correspond to the broadening vibration mode for the Mg-O-Mg and the existence of Mg-O vibrations, while the single band for CuO was shown at 1556 cm−1. SEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles of copper oxide and magnesium oxide are evenly distributed throughout the polymer mass with the clean surface of the polymer with the appearance of nanoparticles with rough size and distribution in regions of varied densities by adding binary metal oxide nanoparticles (CuO/MgO@HA/CA). Furthermore, swelling rate percent, contact angle, and degradation behavior studies showed that the swelling rate percent of the polymer mixture film decreased when adding nanometal oxide. Contact angle was increased by incorporating the metal oxide nanoparticles in the polymeric mixture structure. Moreover, the degradation behavior of prepared samples showed lower rates of deterioration and the sample containing a mixture of metal oxide nanoparticles (CuO/MgO@HA/CA) exhibits a lower weight loss value when compared to HA, HA/CA, and CA samples. Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were used in in-vitro cytotoxicity tests. CuO/MgO@HA/CA sample treatment on cells suggests a non-cytotoxic impact, in contrast to the MTT test, which yields cell viability values of between 70% and 80% (72 h).

(Invited) Ir-Based Catalysts for the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acidic Environments

In order to overcome the inherent intermittent availability of renewable energies and moving forward to a clean and sustainable energy infrastructure, large-scale energy storage and on-demand energy conversion technologies are required to bridge the time gap between energy supply and demand. In this context, hydrogen has great potential as an energy carrier.1,2 The so-called green hydrogen can be produced using excess renewable electricity, stored, transported if necessary, and finally converted into electrical energy. Promising devices to produce green hydrogen are proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs).3,4 PEMWEs combine high energy efficiency and high gas purity with flexible partial load capabilities and fast dynamic behavior, which are prerequisite for grid balancing.3,4 However, one of the major drawbacks of PEMWEs is the requirement of large amounts of noble metals in the electrocatalysts due to the inherent highly corrosive acidic working environment.3 In PEMWEs, the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is undoubtedly demanding from a catalyst standpoint and is mostly responsible for the efficiency loss.5 To date, iridium, one of the least abundant elements in Earth’s crust, is required as the electrocatalyst for the OER in PEMWEs.4,6-8 As a result, in order to facilitate the large-scale application of PEMWEs, developing low-noble metal content, stable electrocatalysts for the OER is requisite.In this talk I present collective results of our research on Ir-based electrocatalysts for the electrochemical OER in acidic environments. To lower the Ir loading in OER catalysts while maintaining or improving the activity, we applied different strategies. One strategy was to synthesize binary alloy nanoparticles (NPs) of Ir and an abundant non-noble metal, transforming them into core-shell NPs consisting of Ir-rich shells and low-Ir content cores.9 Another strategy was to use doped mesoporous oxides as support materials to disperse the catalyst NPs. The doped oxides offered improved corrosion resistance combined with large surface area and adequate electronic conductivity. Moreover, they showed synergistic interactions with the catalysts, improving activity and stability.10,11 Considering the synthesis of catalyst-oxide support couples, it is generally challenging to anchor catalyst NPs on oxide supports due to their incompatible surface properties. Hence we developed a new concept to synthesize oxide supported IrOx catalysts by modifying the surface charge of the catalyst or oxide prior to dispersing the catalyst on the oxide.12 These synthesis routes and strategies can be applied to other noble catalyst systems, pointing out a path forward to nanostructured electrodes with substantially reduced noble metal content and improved efficiency.Importantly, deeper insights into the origin of the OER activity and the OER mechanism on Ir-based electrocatalysts are needed in order to aid in rational design of OER electrocatalysts. Combining electrocatalytic investigations with operando materials characterization techniques and DFT calculations, we identified that the p-band holes in the oxygen ligands play a key role in the OER activity of Ir-based catalysts, in addition, we showed that the rate-determining step for the OER on IrOx is driven by the strong oxidizing power of the deprotonated Ir–O sites and not by an electrostatic-potential gradient across the electrodes double layer.13,14 These findings bridge the gap between thermal catalysis and electrocatalysis and emphasize the ultimate importance to investigate and understand heterogeneous electrocatalytic reactions from different perspectives. References Liu, W.et al., Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27 (25), 31092-31104.Møller, K. T.et al., Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 2017, 27 (1), 34-40.Carmo, M.et al., J. Hydrog. Energy 2013, 38 (12), 4901-4934.Shirvanian, P.; van Berkel, F., Commun. 2020, 114, 106704.Dau, H.et al., ChemCatChem 2010, 2 (7), 724-761.Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A.,Chemistry of the Elements. Butterworth–Heinemann: Oxford, 1997; p 1600.Lei, Z.et al., Advanced Energy Materials 2020, 10 (23), 2000478.Alaswad, A.et al., Energies 2021, 14 (1), 144.Nong, H.N. et al., Chem.Sci.2014, 5, 8, 2955-2963.Nong, H.N. et al., Chem. Int. Ed.2015, 54, 2975-2979.Oh, H.S. et al., J.Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138, 38, 12552–12563.Tran, H.P. et al., Chem. Mater. 2022, 34, 21, 9350–9363.Nong, H.N. et al., Nature Catalysis 2018, 1, 841-851Nong, H. N.et al., Nature 2020, 587 (7834), 408-413.

Evaluating the effect of using nanofluids on the parabolic trough collector's performance

AbstractSolar collectors utilize solar energy, a sustainable and renewable source, to cater to both household and industrial needs. This paper investigated the usage of mono and binary nanoparticles in parabolic trough collectors. This paper used multiwalled carbon nanotube/Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the additives to the collector heat transfer fluid (in Syltherm 800 oil) and also evaluated the performance implications of energy systems in six scenarios. A MATLAB‐based computational model is provided to investigate the influence of employing binary nanoparticles on a solar collector's performance. The influence of nanoparticle modifications and volume percentages on energy, exergy, economic, and environmental aspects is studied. Finally, the impact of nanoparticles on each of the four mentioned areas is examined. At the same total energy rate, in the best case, adding 4% by volume of Fe3O4 (Case 2) to the base fluid increases the valuable energy rate absorbed from 7.32 kW in the base state to 7.50 kW (2.5%). The carbon dioxide produced in the system life cycle by using useful energy is called EnergoEnvironmental, and the carbon dioxide produced in the system life cycle by using useful exergy is called ExergoEnvironmental. At last, the calculation of the parameters EnergoEnviroEconomic and ExergoEnviroEconomic are done, the penalty policy is considered, and the calculations are generalized to solar collector power plants due to the carbon dioxide cost policies.

Effective elimination of hexavalent chromium and lead from solution by the modified biochar with MgMn2O4 nanoparticles: adsorption performance and mechanism.

Heavy metal pollution is one of the environmental problems that need to be solved urgently. The adsorption method is thought as the most effective and economical treatment technology. Nature biochar usually showed unsatisfactory adsorption capacity due to its relatively small adsorption capacity and slow adsorption rate. The metal of Mn has been widely applied in the modification of biochar, which could effectively improve the adsorption capacity of biochar. However, leaching of Mn2+ on the adsorbent materials would appear during the adsorption process. And it would increase the risk of secondary pollution. The multifunctional binary modified biochar could improve the adsorption capacity of environmental pollutant removal. In addition, it could also act as a metal support carrier, reducing the risk of secondary pollution. A novel effective biochar loaded by Mg-Mn binary oxide nanoparticles (MgMn2O4@Biochar) was prepared and applied for the Cr(VI) and Pb(II) removal in aqueous solution. The characteristic of MgMn2O4@Biochar was analyzed by SEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. The irregular and somewhat flaky shaped particles of different shape and sizes clustered on the surface of MgMn2O4@Biochar appeared. Abundant functional groups of O-H, -C-OH, C-O, and C-OOH could be observed on the surface of MgMn2O4@Biochar. The elements of Mg and Mn elements besides of C, O, and Si elements were presented on the surface of MgMn2O4@Biochar. The wt% of C, O, Mg, Mn, and Si were 42.82%, 48.99%, 2.83%, 4.44%, and 0.93%, respectively. The operational parameters had an important influence on adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) removal. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of MgMn2O4@Biochar for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) would reach 33.5 mg/g and 536 mg/g, respectively, within 360 min. Additionally, the adsorption processes of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) in solution could be described with pseudo-second-order. For Cr(VI), the Langmuir model was suitable to the adsorption process. However, the adsorption process of Pb(II) in solution could be described with Freundlich model. Furthermore, it could be concluded that the possible mechanism of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) removal by MgMn2O4@Biochar was physical adsorption, surface complexation reaction, and electrostatic adsorption.

Carrier-Free Binary Self-Assembled Nanomedicines Originated from Traditional Herb Medicine with Multifunction to Accelerate MRSA-Infected Wound Healing by Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammation and Promoting Angiogenesis.

Deaths from bacterial infections have risen year by year. This trend is further aggravated as the overuse antibiotics and the bacterial resistance to all known antibacterial agents. Therefore, new therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. Enlightenment the combination usage of traditional herb medicine, one carrier-free binary nanoparticles (GA-BBR NPs) was discovered, which was self-assembled from gallic acid and berberine through electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking and hydrophobic interaction; and it could be successfully prepared by a green, cost-effective and "one-pot" preparation process. The nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial activity and biofilm removal ability against multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) by downregulating mRNA expression of rpsF, rplC, rplN, rplX, rpsC, rpmC and rpsH to block bacterial translation mechanisms in vitro and in vivo, and it had well anti-inflammatory activity and a promising role in promoting angiogenesis to accelerate the wound healing on MRSA-infected wounds model in vivo. Additionally, the nanoparticles displayed well biocompatibility without cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and tissue or organ toxicity. GA-BBR NPs originated from the drug combination has potential clinical transformation value, and this study provides a new idea for the design of carrier-free nanomedicine derived from natural herbals.

Cactus-Like Ni-Co/CoMn2O4 composites on Ni foam: Unveiling the potential for advanced electrochemical materials for pseudocapacitors

Currently, two-dimensional designs were enthralled much consideration because of their good electrochemical abilities. Herein, cactus-like designs of Ni-Co/CoMn2O4 composites have been synthesized by simple hydrothermaltechniques on Ni foam. The novel construction possessing Ni-Co and CoMn2O4 nanomaterials demonstrates excellent electrochemical properties. As data values, the unique design and porous structures display vitally developed electrochemical capacitance activities which include outstanding specific capacitances, reasonable life cycles, and good rate capabilities.The specific capacitance of the Ni-Co/CoMn2O4composites exhibits 1567F/gat a current density of 0.5 A/g, and it is two-fold superior to the binary Ni-Co nanoparticles and CoMn2O4nanomaterials electrodes. Else, the proposed Ni-Co/CoMn2O4composite exhibits excellent long cycles by 95.87% retaining of its initial capacitances after 5000 cyclings. This cactus-like Ni-Co/CoMn2O4composite refers to the new opportunity to investigate higher-performance sample materials and has great application prospects.

Theory of plasmon-polaritons in binary metallic supercrystals

We present a theory of optical excitations in binary plasmonic supercrystals that are made out of two types of metal nanoparticles. Compared to monodisperse supercrystals, binary crystals have a larger number of plasmonic bands. Their dispersion is governed by the lattice symmetry, unit cell parameters, and shape and material composition of the nanoparticle building blocks. We develop a quantum description of the plasmon polaritons in supercrystals that starts from the dipole and quadrupole excitations of the nanoparticles, their interaction, and their coupling to photons. We show how to use group theory to analyze the plasmon- and photon-induced supercrystal states and their interaction. Plasmon-polaritons of binary metallic supercrystals are in the regime of ultrastrong and deep strong light-matter interaction; i.e., the coupling strength is on the same order as the photon energy. One consequence of the strong interaction is that quadrupolar plasmon modes and photons with energies well above the plasmon energies have to be taken into account to calculate the polariton dispersion. A cesium chloride crystal of two nanoparticles with different dipole and quadrupole energies serves as the example structure to show how the plasmon-polariton dispersion depends on the properties of the nanoparticles and supercrystal structure. The tools presented here can be used to predict and analyze any type of optically active excitation in supercrystals. The results show how to differentiate the optical properties of binary nanoparticle supercrystals into properties that inflexibly depend on lattice symmetry and properties that can be finely tuned by choosing the nanoparticle composition and shape.

Binary CuO\CoO nanoparticles inhibit biofilm formation and reduce the expression of papC and fimH genes in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca.

Binary copper-cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CuO\CoO NPs) are modern kinds of antimicrobials, which may get a lot of interest in clinical application. This study aimed to detect the effect of the binary CuO\CoO NPs on the expression of papC and fimH genes in multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca to reduce medication time and improve outcomes. Ten isolates of K. oxytoca were collected and identified by different conventional tests besides PCR. Antibiotic sensitivity and biofilm-forming ability were carried out. The harboring of papC and fimH genes was also detected. The effect of binary CuO\CoO nanoparticles on the expression of papC and fimH genes was investigated. Bacterial resistance against cefotaxime and gentamicin was the highest (100%), while the lowest percentage of resistance was to amikacin (30%). Nine of the ten bacterial isolates had the ability to form a biofilm with different capacities. MIC for binary CuO\CoO NPs was 2.5µg/mL. Gene expression of papC and fimH was 8.5- and 9-fold lower using the NPs. Binary CuO\CoO NPs have a potential therapeutic effect against infections triggered by MDR K. oxytoca strains due to the NPs-related downregulation ability on the virulence genes of K. oxytoca.

Sustainable wearable infrared shielding bamboo fiber fabrics loaded with antimony doped tin oxide/silver binary nanoparticles

Sustainable wearable infrared shielding bamboo fiber fabrics loaded with antimony doped tin oxide/silver binary nanoparticles