Hyaluronic acid/cellulose acetate polymeric mixture containing binary metal oxide nano-hybrid as low biodegradable wound dressing

Abstract

Wound dressing from a polymeric mixture of cellulose acetate (CA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) embedded with copper oxide (CuO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles as a scaffold was successfully fabricated. Several methods, including X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), contact angle, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were employed to characterize the prepared nanocomposite samples. The data obtained from XRD showed that pure HA with diffraction peaks at 2θ = 20.8°, 46.7°, and 63.2° that assigned to the semi-crystalline nature of HA. At the same time, the XRD pattern of the CuO@CA nanocomposites revealed the presence of a sharp crystalline peak at 2θ = 36°, representing the presence of the CuO nanomaterial. In addition, the typical cubic MgO peaks in the MgO@CA showed the pattern at 2θ = 43.1° and 62.5°. Furthermore, the diffraction pattern of CuO/MgO@HA/CA film shows strong crystallinity since its diffraction peaks are stated at 2θ = 8.8°, 13.01°, 29.6°, and 53.5° which represents CuO nanoparticles and the polycrystalline cubic structure of MgO nanoparticles exhibit several peaks at 2θ = 29.4°, 31°, 38.7°, 42.2°, and 63°. FTIR spectra of CuO/MgO@HA/CA displayed bands at 657 cm−1 and 843 cm−1 which correspond to the broadening vibration mode for the Mg-O-Mg and the existence of Mg-O vibrations, while the single band for CuO was shown at 1556 cm−1. SEM analysis revealed that the nanoparticles of copper oxide and magnesium oxide are evenly distributed throughout the polymer mass with the clean surface of the polymer with the appearance of nanoparticles with rough size and distribution in regions of varied densities by adding binary metal oxide nanoparticles (CuO/MgO@HA/CA). Furthermore, swelling rate percent, contact angle, and degradation behavior studies showed that the swelling rate percent of the polymer mixture film decreased when adding nanometal oxide. Contact angle was increased by incorporating the metal oxide nanoparticles in the polymeric mixture structure. Moreover, the degradation behavior of prepared samples showed lower rates of deterioration and the sample containing a mixture of metal oxide nanoparticles (CuO/MgO@HA/CA) exhibits a lower weight loss value when compared to HA, HA/CA, and CA samples. Human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells were used in in-vitro cytotoxicity tests. CuO/MgO@HA/CA sample treatment on cells suggests a non-cytotoxic impact, in contrast to the MTT test, which yields cell viability values of between 70% and 80% (72 h).