Binary Components Research Articles

Modified Nested Barker Codes for Ultra-Wideband Signal–Code Constructions

Currently, various applications of ultra-wideband signal–code constructions are among the most vibrant technologies, being implemented in very different fields. The purpose of this research consists of analyzing Barker codes and searching for the optimal nested representations of them. We also aim to synthesize signal–code constructions based on the tenets of nesting of alternative modified Barker codes, which employ an asymmetric alphabet. The scientific merit of the paper is as follows: on the basis of new analytic expressions, modified nested codes and signal–code constructions were obtained, applicable for the establishment of the unambiguous association of the component values of the nested codes with any lobes of the normalized autocorrelation function. With these analytical expressions, we are, hence, able to determine the values of the binary asymmetrical components of the nested codes related to the side lobes of the normalized autocorrelation function. In this way, we clearly obtain better (low) levels for these lobes than by using the autocorrelation function, as established by the equivalent conventional Barker codes, including the nested constructions. Practical application of these modulated ultra-wideband signals ensures improved correlational features, high-fidelity probabilistic detection, and more precise positional detection of physical bodies depending on the range coordinate.

Nanoscale Phase Separations for Versatile Synthesis of Centimeter‐Sized Hierarchically Mesoporous Metal‐Oxide Films

Hierarchically porous metal‐oxide materials have immense potential for many fields, which are highly desired to tackle the limitations of mono‐porous architectures, and to combine the advantages of different pore scales. Herein, a simple small‐molecule‐assisted interfacial assembly strategy, which elegantly combines the mesoscale block copolymers (BCPs)‐directed coassembly and nanoscale phase separations of dicyandiamide (DCDA), is developed for the synthesis of centimeter‐sized inorganic metal‐oxide films with multiscale porosity. The synthetic approach is versatile and can be broadly applied for the fabrication of hierarchically mesoporous metal‐oxide films with single (TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3) or binary components (TiO2–ZrO2 and TiO2–Al2O3) on various substrates ranging from 1D to 3D. The as‐prepared films possess ordered structures, uniform thickness, interconnected pores, highly crystallized frameworks, and high surface areas (>200 m2 g−1). As a proof of concept, the photoelectric device assembled by the hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 films (denoted as H–TiO2) shows excellent performance, including a high photocurrent of 0.68 mA cm−2 and outstanding stability. The presented method may provide new insight into the controllable synthesis of hierarchically porous materials.

Unveiling hidden variability components in accreting X-ray binaries using both the Fourier power and cross-spectra

ABSTRACT We present a novel method for measuring the lags of (weak) variability components in neutron-star and black-hole low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). For this we assume that the power and cross-spectra of these sources consists of a number of components that are coherent in different energy bands, but are incoherent with one another. The technique is based on fitting simultaneously the power spectrum (PS) and the Real and Imaginary parts of the cross-spectrum (CS) with a combination of Lorentzian functions. We show that, because the PS of LMXBs is insensitive to signals with a large Imaginary part and a small Real part in the CS, this approach allows us to uncover new variability components that are only detected in the CS. We also demonstrate that, contrary to earlier claims, the frequency of the type-C quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the black-hole binary GRS 1915+105 does not depend on energy. Rather, the apparent energy dependence of the QPO frequency can be explained by the presence of a separate QPO component with a slightly higher frequency than that of the QPO, whose rms amplitude increases faster with energy than the rms amplitude of the QPO. From all the above we conclude that, as in the case of the PS, the CS of black-hole and neutron-star binaries can be fitted by a combination of Lorentzian components. Our findings provide evidence that the frequency-dependent part of the transfer function of these systems can be described by a combination of responses, each of them acting over relatively well-defined time-scales. This conclusion challenges models that assume that the main contribution to the lags comes from a global, broadband, transfer function of the accreting system.

Broadband optical vortex beam generation using flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase masks

We developed a new kind of compact flat-surface nanostructured gradient index vortex phase mask, for the effective generation of optical vortex beams in broadband infrared wavelength range. A low-cost nanotechnological material method was employed for this work. The binary structure component consists of 17,557 nano-sized rods made of two lead–bismuth–gallium silicate glasses which were developed in-house. Those small rods are spatially arranged in such a way that, according to effective medium theory, the refractive index of this internal structure is constant in the radial direction and linearly changes following azimuthal angle. Numerical results demonstrated that a nanostructured vortex phase mask with a thickness of 19 μm can convert Gaussian beams into fundamental optical vortices over 290 nm wavelength bandwidth from 1275 to 1565 nm. This has been confirmed in experiments using three diode laser sources operating at 1310, 1550, and 1565 nm. The generation of vortex beams is verified through their uniform doughnut-like intensity distributions, clear astigmatic transformation patterns, and spiral as well as fork-like interferograms. This new flat-surface component can be directly mounted to an optical fiber tip for simplifying vortex generator systems as well as easier manipulation of the generated OVB in three-dimensional space.

Mono and simultaneous adsorption of aldrin and toxic metals from aqueous solution using rice husk biochar

Recent research has explored the potential of rice husk biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions, including aldrin, mercury (Hg2+), lead (Pb2+), and cadmium (Cd2+). Experimentation involved adding varying doses of biochar to wastewater with different contamination levels, agitating the mixture for 60 min, and filtering the solutions for analysis. The experiment revealed impressive removal efficiencies: 100% for aldrin, 99.92% – 99.99% for Hg2+, 95.90% – 99.52% for Pb2+, and 88.60% – 99.46% for Cd2+. In binary and quaternary mixtures, Hg2+ showed higher removal efficiency than Pb2+ and Cd2+, with the exception of aldrin. The adsorption order was identified as aldrin > Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm best described heavy metals in the mono and quaternary component adsorption, while the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was a better fit for the binary component. Consequently, the study highlights rice husk biochar as an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly option for wastewater treatment.

Similarity preserving hashing for appliance identification based on V-I trajectory

Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a technique used to monitor energy consumption in buildings without requiring hardware installation on individual appliances. This approach offers a cost-effective and scalable solution to enhance energy efficiency and reduce energy usage. Recent advancements in NILM primarily employ deep-learning algorithms for appliance identification. However, the substantial number of parameters in deep learning models presents challenges in quickly and effectively identifying appliances. An effective technique for appliance identification is analyzing the appliances’ voltage-current (V-I) trajectory signature. This research introduces a novel hashing method that learns compact binary codes to achieve highly efficient appliance V-I trajectory identification. Specifically, this paper uses a profound structure to acquire V-I trajectory image features by acquiring multi-level non-linear transformations. Subsequently, we merge these intermediary traits with high-level visual data from the uppermost layer to carry out the V-I trajectory image retrieval process. These condensed codes are subjected to three distinct standards: minimal loss in quantization, uniformly distributed binary components, and autonomous bits that are not interdependent. As a result, the network easily encodes newly acquired query V-I images for appliance identification by propagating them through the network and quantizing the network’s outputs into binary code representations. Through extensive experiments conducted on the PLAID dataset, we demonstrate the promising performance of our approach compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Tuneable functionalized biochar for simultaneous removal of pharmaceuticals from binary mixture

Eliminating different pharmaceutical contaminants simultaneously from wastewater has become a crucial environmental issue. In this regard, the shift from the conventional methods of removing single pollutant to implementing a system that simultaneously removes multiple contaminants is required. In pursuit of this goal, functionalized biochar (FBC) was prepared from bamboo sawdust to simultaneously remove pharmaceutical pollutants in batch and fixed-bed sorption systems. FBC exhibited a greater removal capacity for acetaminophen (ACM) (192.43 mg/g) compared to ciprofloxacin (CIP) (70.95 mg/g), as predicted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The competitive Langmuir isotherm model, employed for the binary component, predicted a maximum adsorption capacity of 125.31 mg/g for ACM and 65.44 mg/g for CIP. The adsorption capacity ratio (qm binary/qm single < 1) suggests an antagonistic behavior of these pollutants when they co-exist in the water matrix. On the other hand, the single and binary component adsorption of ACM and CIP was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption process was mainly controlled by the chemisorption process. Fixed-bed column study showcased the maximum bed capacity of ACM (172.48 mg/g) and CIP (147.67 mg/g), with the highest respective removal efficiency of 44.23% and 37.86% in the binary component adsorption system. However, the single-component column adsorption system achieved a higher removal efficiency of 65.83% (ACM) and 42.59% (CIP). These results indicate that the simultaneous removal of ACM and CIP depends on the unique molecular properties of ACM/CIP and their interactions with the adsorbent. Hence, the as-synthesized FBC has been proven effective for the simultaneous removal of ACM and CIP from various water matrices.

Manifestation of binary collisions in the Raman-allowed bending vibrational band of the S[formula omitted] molecule

A careful, principally experimental Raman study which puts the focus on the ν5 bending vibrational band by gaseous room-temperature sulfur hexafluoride is reported. In essence, our results boil down in the following two findings. Firstly, the anisotropic Raman-allowed spectrum by that band, which for the first time was isolated from the recordings and calibrated on an absolute scale. Secondly, an absolute-calibrated binary collision-induced component, which was also for the first time extracted from the crude measurements in the wavenumber range 475–570 cm−1. Both spectra are depolarized and lead to parameters in agreement with the existing literature. The reported findings bring us one step closer to understanding how vibration mechanisms work in SF6 and show among other things that, at the ν5 frequency, collisions between molecules enhance light scattering by 0.8% at 1 atm and by 13% at 15 atm of sulfur hexafluoride gas pressure.

The first light curve analysis of twin binary system V1175 Cas using ground-based and TESS data

Eclipsing binary systems hold a central position within astrophysics in that the fundamental parameters of stars can be determined by direct observations. The simultaneous analyses of high-quality space observations, combined with ground-based photometric data, have allowed more sensitive detection of fundamental stellar parameters by multicolor photometry. In the paper, the fundamental parameters of the component stars for the V1175 Cas binary system were sensitively obtained by a simultaneous analysis of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curve, and new CCD observations in BVRI filters obtained with a 60 cm robotic telescope at the TÜBİTAK National Observatory. Following the analysis, the masses and radii of the primary and secondary binary components were determined as M1=1.64±0.04M⊙, M2=1.63±0.07M⊙, and R1=1.77±0.05R⊙, R2=1.77±0.25R⊙, respectively. Moreover, the distance of V1175 Cas was computed as 280±32 pc. The photometric analysis reveals that the components of the system are in a similar evolutionary state. The primary and secondary components exhibit nearly the same masses, while their radii are perfectly matched. Additionally, the ages of the components are also consistent within the statistical uncertainties. Consequently, the system’s overall age is assessed to be approximately 750±70 Myr.

Sponge-like biodegradable polypyrrole-modified biopolymers for selective adsorption of basic red 46 and crystal violet dyes from single and binary component systems

Recently, several researchers have been trying to reduce the ecological effects of water pollution by considering the use of biodegradable materials that prevent the generation of secondary pollution in our environment and enable water reuse. Here, new biodegradable hydrogels based on alginate (Alg), gelatin (Gel) and polypyrrole (PPy) were successfully implemented to remove two known highly toxic cationic dyes from wastewater. The design process was performed in two steps: in-situ polymerization of polypyrrole within the Alg/Gel mixture, followed by hydrogel formation. Biocomposites showed promising efficacy for the removal of both basic red 46 (BR46) and crystal violet (CV) dyes from real and demineralized water samples. However, Alg-Gel-PPy hydrogel showed better selectivity for BR46 than for CV as compared to the pristine Alg-Gel hydrogel. Adsorption of both pollutants on biocomposite hydrogel beads followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models. Besides, the highest adsorption capacities (125 mg g−1 for BR46 and 88.5 mg g−1 for CV) were obtained for the Alg-Gel-PPy hydrogel, compared with those determined for PPy-free hydrogel (103.09 mg g−1 for BR46 and 86.96 mg g−1 for CV) and remained at a satisfactory level for five adsorption-desorption cycles. Finally, the obtained hydrogels showed excellent biodegradability by natural soil microorganisms, with 91 % decomposition.

A Review of the Estimation of Sensitivity and Specificity in the Context of Time-Dependent Outcomes.

Time is an essential element in the field of survival analysis. Time to an event is essential in adjudicating diagnostic utility and determining the effectiveness of treatment. However, time-to-event outcomes-in a sense-are complicated to deal with, since they involve both a binary component, which is the outcome itself (death or recurrence) and a continuous component, which is the time for the occurrence of the outcome. In such scenarios, simpler metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the curve are insufficient to establish the utility of a diagnostic marker. Given the above constraint, this review discusses established ways in which sensitivity and specificity can be determined and are therefore sufficient in establishing utility in the context of time-dependent outcomes. This review also discusses how studies investigating the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic marker in the context of time-dependent outcomes can be improved through the use of existing user-friendly statistical software. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.

Optimization of isotopic binary and multi-component separation cascades using a novel nature-inspired horse herd algorithm

ABSTRACT The gas centrifuge process is widely used in the world to separate binary and multi component mixtures of isotopes. The majority of a plant cost is related to the number of centrifuges in a cascade. The cascade should be built so that it uses the fewest possible centrifuges for a given product and waste concentrations. Minimizing the number of centrifuges and the total flow rates, is a key point in designing and optimizing isotope separation cascades. The main purpose of this paper is to present a novel swarm intelligence based algorithm to solve these kinds of problems. This novel algorithm, called the Horse Herd Optimization Algorithm (HOA), is inspired by the behavioral patterns of horses in their habitats. In this work, it is demonstrated that the suggested algorithm can solve complicated multidimensional problems. HOA is tested by some test functions of high-dimensions and the results are compared with the strongest available optimization algorithms. In next, the proposed algorithm is used to optimize gas centrifuge cascades for the separation of binary and multicomponent mixtures of isotopes in several cases. Also, ideal and optimum cascades are compared in different separating regimes of the stages, using this method. Considering the performance of HOA in solving multidimensional problems, this algorithm is proposed for the optimization of long cascades.

Pyridine derivatives as hydrogen bond acceptors to prepare deep eutectic solvents for ammonia storage

Ammonia is a liquid-phase hydrogen storage medium, and the development of ammonia storage and transportation technology is a great challenge to the utilization of hydrogen energy and green ammonia synthesis technology. In the present work, a series of pyridine derivatives-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) using pyridine derivatives as novel hydrogen bond acceptors were designed and synthesized for ammonia storage and separation. The experimental and characterization results demonstrated that the DESs composed of binary solid components of 2-aminopyridine (2-NH2Py) and resorcinol (Res) exhibited ideal thermal stability, high ammonia absorption capacity (0.185 gNH3/gDES at 303.15 K) and good NH3/CO2 selectivity (92.2 at 313.15 K and 0.1 MPa). The formation and ammonia absorption mechanisms of DESs were analyzed by NMR, FT-IR spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations. Pyridine derivatives as novel hydrogen bond acceptors enrich the family of DESs, and provide opportunities for the development of efficient materials for ammonia storage and separation.

Graph Transformer with Convolution Parallel Networks for Predicting Single and Binary Component Adsorption Performance of Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered one of the most important materials for carbon capture and storage (CCS) due to the advantages of porosity, multifunction, diverse structure, and controllable chemical composition. With the continuous development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, more and more machine learning models are used to identify MOFs with high performance within a massive search space. However, current works have yet to form a model that uses graph-structured data only, which can predict the adsorption properties of single and binary components. In this work, we proposed and developed a graph transformer, combined with convolution parallel networks, called GC-Trans. The model can accurately and efficiently predict the adsorption performance of MOFs under the single- and binary-component adsorption conditions using only the features of the crystal diagram as inputs. By extracting and fusing local and global feature information, the model has stronger expression and generalization abilities. Thus, we used it to screen the ARC-MOF database and analyze the MOF structures that meet the target requirements. Additionally, to demonstrate the transferability of the model, we applied transfer learning methods to predict the CO2/CH4 separations and CH4 uptake, both of which showed good predictive performance.

Elucidating the Structure, Dynamics, and Interaction of a Choline Chloride and Citric Acid Based Eutectic System by Spectroscopic and Molecular Modeling Investigations.

Eutectic solvent systems are versatile solvents that have found widespread use in numerous applications. Traditional solvents are homogeneous, having only one component, and their chemistry is relatively simple, with some exceptions. On the other hand, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) comprise binary components, generally a donor and an acceptor in hydrogen bonding with varying ratios. The interaction chemistry among the donor and acceptor involved in hydrogen bonding in DESs is complicated. Although numerous research is focused on the synthesis and application of DESs, few studies are reported to elucidate the complex structure and dynamic and interaction behavior of DESs. In this study, we employed calorimetry, vibrational spectroscopy techniques including FTIR and Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance to derive insight into the structural feature and noncovalent contact of choline chloride (ChCl) and citric acid (CA) while they formed DESs. The 1:1 ChCl/CA eutectic system showed phase transitions and melting peaks with the most pronounced peak at 156.22 °C, suggesting the DESs melting at a lower temperature than the melting temperatures of ChCl and CA. In addition to IR and Raman findings, 1H NMR investigations demonstrate hydrogen bonding intermolecular interactions between ChCl and CA, supporting the formation of 1:1 ChCl/CA DESs based on the deshielded chemical shifts of the proton for Ch. The interaction of the chloride anion with the methyl protons (H4) and methylene protons (H3) of ChCl as well as the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl hydrogen (H1) of ChCl with one of CA's carbonyl oxygens both supported the formation of conformer E. In addition, molecular dynamics followed by the density functional theory (DFT) was employed to visualize the structure and interaction of DESs using the ωB97XD theory and 6-311++G (d,p) basis set. Both experimental and theoretical IR, Raman, and structural analyses provided evidence of the formation of DESs by possessing hydrogen bonds. These multifaceted experimental and computational investigations provide details of structural and intermolecular interactions of ChCl/CA DESs.

Complex Organic Molecules in a Very Young Hot Corino, HOPS 373SW

We present the spectra of complex organic molecules (COMs) detected in HOPS 373SW with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). HOPS 373SW, which is a component of a protostellar binary with a separation of 1500au, has been discovered as a variable protostar by the JCMT transient monitoring survey with a modest (∼30%) brightness increase at submillimeter wavelengths. Our ALMA target-of-opportunity observation at ∼345 GHz for HOPS 373SW revealed extremely young chemical characteristics with strong deuteration of methanol. The dust continuum opacity is very high toward the source center, obscuring line emission from within 0.″03. The other binary component, HOPS 373NE, was detected only in C17O in our observation, implying a cold and quiescent environment. We compare the COM abundances relative to CH3OH in HOPS 373SW with those of V883 Ori, which is an eruptive disk object, as well as other hot corinos, to demonstrate the chemical evolution from envelope to disk. High abundances of singly, doubly, and triply deuterated methanol (CH2DOH, CHD2OH, and CD3OH) and a low CH3CN abundance in HOPS 373SW compared to other hot corinos suggest a very early evolutionary stage of HOPS 373SW in the hot corino phase. Since the COMs detected in HOPS 373SW would have been sublimated very recently from grain surfaces, HOPS 373SW is a promising place to study the surface chemistry of COMs in the cold prestellar phase before sublimation.

Competitive adsorption of VOCs (benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene) with Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOPHENONE magnetic nanoadsorbents

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic, are considered a critical factor for air pollution and cause serious harm to the eco-environment and human health. In this study, Fe3O4, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOFENONE were synthesized as new magnetic nanoadsorbents (MNAs) and used for the first time in the removal of gas-phase benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene. The synthesised MNAs were characterized by SEM-EDS, TEM, FTIR, XRD, VSM, TGA and BET analyses. The characterization results showed that the MNAs have mesoporous structure, type IV physioresorption and type H3 hysteresis loop character. In order to clarify the comparative and competitive adsorption behaviour, the adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOFENONE MNA was found to be in the order of xylene > ethylbenzene > benzene in both single, binary and ternary component systems. The adsorption kinetics of benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene with Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOFENONE MNA were found to be governed by multistep mechanisms. Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOFENONE MNA showed reuse efficiencies of 83.07%, 84.35% and 82.99% after 5 cycles for benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene respectively. In the framework of the results, Fe3O4@SiO2-NH@BENZOPHENONE MNA, which has a high potential in terms of both adsorption capacity and reuse efficiency, is proposed as a promising adsorbent for the efficient removal of benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene.

Competitive adsorption law of multi-component gases during CO2 displacement of CH4 in coal seams

The CO2 enhanced coal bed methane recovery technology provides an excellent way to mitigate the greenhouse effect and energy crisis. The features and mechanism of CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption in the coal rock matrix have a critical impact on the production of CBM. For CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption process components and pressure changes, a multi-component gases competitive adsorption experiment was carried out with CO2 and CH4 binary gases as the study objects, and a multi-component adsorption model was developed by the expanded Langmuir equation. Based on the principles of molecular dynamics and thermodynamics, important parameters such as the average free range of gas molecules and adsorption potential are introduced to explain the competitive adsorption behavior from multiple perspectives and explore the competitive adsorption law of CH4 and CO2 under multiple component conditions, so as to provide some theoretical basis and field guidance for improving the extraction effect of CH4 in coal seams. The results show that: Under two critical conditions (100%CO2 +0%CH4 and 0%CO2 +100%CH4), the Langmuir volumes of CO2 for HN 1/3 coking coal and HL weakly caking coal respectively are 2.21 and 3.01 times higher than those of CH4; the overall adsorption capacity of binary gas is in between the adsorption capacities of both critical conditions and increases with increasing CO2 concentration in the gas source ratio; using E-L equation for binary gas component partitioning, the CH4 partition curves were all below CO2, the concentration of free-phase CH4 was always higher than that in the adsorbed phase, and coal samples had stronger adsorption ability for CO2 than CH4. CO2 has a stronger adsorption potential at the surface for HL weakly caking coal. CH4 has a slightly stronger adsorption potential at the surface for HN 1/3 coking coal. The higher coalification degree of the coal sample, the stronger the adsorption ability for CH4 and the weaker the adsorption ability for CO2. The slope of the overall adsorption curve of multi-component gases is analogous to the slope of the component with a high ratio of gas or strong adsorption capacity; the capacity of one-component adsorption for dual gas is closely related to the partial pressure of the free-phase gas and the separation factor α21. When the concentration ratio of CH4/CO2 in free phase is y2/y1 =α21, the concentration of both gases in adsorption phase is 50%, and α21 correlation is weakened, then the free phase gas partial pressure is dominant and there is a threshold value makes CH4 and CO2 adsorption capacity equal; when y2/y1 <α21, the coal preferentially adsorbs CO2 in the binary gas; when y2/y1 >α21, the coal preferentially adsorbs CH4 in the binary gas.

TIC 43152097 The first eclipsing binary in NGC 2232

We report the discovery of a low-mass totally eclipsing system in the young (age ≃ 28 Myr) open cluster NGC 2232, during an examination of their TESS photometry. The follow-up study of this detached system, TIC 43152097, is based on photometry and high-resolution spectra from the literature and collected by us. The radial velocity of the center of mass and the photospheric lithium abundance of the binary components confirm its membership to NGC 2232. By analyzing the existing photometric and spectroscopic data, we obtain orbital elements and fundamental stellar parameters for the two stars. The primary component of TIC 43152097 is a late F-type dwarf (Teff = 6070 K), while the lower-mass secondary is a late K-type star (Teff = 4130 K) that is still in the pre-main-sequence phase. The precise measurements of the radii, masses, and effective temperatures, enabled by the simultaneous solution of light and radial velocity curves, indicate radius inflation for the K-type component, which turns out to be 7–11% larger than that predicted by standard evolutionary models. More sophisticated models incorporating both the inhibition of convective energy transport caused by sub-photospheric magnetic fields and the effects of cool starspots covering a substantial fraction of the stellar surface (30–60%) allow the position of the secondary component to be reproduced in the Hertzsprung–Russell and mass–radius diagrams.

Diagnosis and staging of cervical cancer using label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and BWRPCA-TLNN model

This paper presents a label-free and highly accurate classification serum analytical platform, which will be used to identify cervical cancer at different stages. In detail, the microarray chip fabricated based on the ordered Ag-AuNRs substrate was prepared to measure the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of serum of healthy subjects and cervical cancer patients (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ), and then a binary weight robust principal component analysis (BWRPCA)-two-layer nearest neighbor (TLNN) model was designed as the diagnosis and recognition model of SERS spectra. The results revealed that the microarray chip can realize rapid, sensitive, high-throughput detection of SERS spectra of serum. The BWRPCA-TLNN successfully differentiated the SERS spectra and accurately captured the key characteristics for classification. The established BWRPCA-TLNN model achieved an excellent classification accuracy of 91.2 %, a diagnostic sensitivity of over 84.0 % and a specificity of over 97.0 %. This exploratory work demonstrated that SERS combined with BWRPCA-TLNN as a diagnostic screening method has potential for improving cervical cancer detection and screening.