Bilingual People Research Articles

Competencia prosódica del alumnado bilingüe universitario en la lectura en voz alta: producción y percepción

The aim of this work is to analyze the prosodic competence of bilingual university students of the Basque Country in two areas of the oral language: production and perception. Once collected and studied the data in the production of reading aloud, perception tests are used in order to know the prosodic group best valued in reading aloud, for this an experimental investigation has been carried out based on the more general characteristics of the prosodic groups. 101 bilingual young people took part in the study. They read news aloud for further phonetic analysis. The result of the data obtained with a Chi-square test in tonal peaks shows that gender is statistically significant. In the case of perception, mother tongue affects significantly in assessing stimuli that are manipulated.

Adaptação transcultural do Eating Beliefs Questionnaire para português do Brasil

The aim of this study was the cross-cultural adaptation of the Eating Belief Questionnaire (EBQ)-an instrument that assesses positive, negative, and permissive eating beliefs in relation to binge eating episodes-in its shorted version of 18 questions, into Brazilian Portuguese, for female teenagers. Conceptual, semantic, cultural and operational equivalence of the items were evaluated. The semantic and cultural equivalence involved 12 bilingual people and 12 experts in eating behavior. Operational equivalence consisted of applying the transcultural adapted version of the EBQ-18 to 20 girls with a mean age of 17.55 (SD=1.00) years. Item's clarity and understanding were assessed by the Content Validity Coefficient. Questions 5, 6, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, with adequate classification percentage for all equivalences, were not altered. The other items were adapted according to the committee's suggestions and by consensus among researchers. The adapted version of the EBQ-18 in Brazilian Portuguese displayed good content validity coefficient for clarity (CVC=0.975) and comprehension (CVC=0.971); except for item 3, all items had values between 0.88 and 1.00. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the EBQ-18 had a good understanding by the adolescent public when it comes to investigate the role of dietary beliefs in the maintenance of binge eating episodes. Future studies with adolescents are recommended, jointly assessing risk for and presence of eating disorders in significant clinical and non-clinical samples, as well as its psychometrics properties.

CODE SWITCHING IN LONDON LOVE STORY FILM

Code switching is one of the topics that go into sociolinguistics study. This term refers to the phenomenon of language switching, either spoken or written, done by bilingual or multilingual people. In its development, code switching often appears in many literary works, one of them is in <em>London Love Story </em>film. <em>London Love Story </em>is an Indonesian movie released in 2016 by Screenplay Films house production. This movie contains code switching of two languages, Indonesian language and English. This research focused on analyzing the types of code switching which appears in this film which performed by the characters. The result in this research shows there are three types of code switching performed in London Love Story film, namely inter-sentential code switching, tag switching, and intra-sentential code switching refers to types of code switching proposed by Poplack (1980). Eleven utterances categorized into inter-sentential code switching, five utterances categorized into tag switching, and eight utterances categorized into intra-sentential code switching types. This phenomenon is influence by the reasons and social factors of code switching.

Code-mixing by a content creator Gita Savitri Devi: How and why?

Code-mixing, which is the use of two or more languages that are mixed in one utterance, is commonly practiced by bilingual or multilingual people. Then, this study aims to find out the types and the reasons for code-mixing performed by Gita Savitri Devi, a content creator, in one of her videos on YouTube channel entitled "Plis Stop Nyebarin Hoaks!! Beropini Eps. .55". Qualitative descriptive method is used to conduct this study, and the data are analyzed using Hoffman’s theory (1991). The results of this study indicate that there are three types of code-mixing that are found in the video, namely intra sentential code-mixing, intra lexical code-mixing and involving a change of pronunciation. Furthermore, the writers also find three reasons why code-mixing is utilized, among others are: (1) talking about a particular topic; (2) being empathetic or emotional about something; and (3) repetition used for clarification. The existence of code-mixing in our daily life is able to facilitate us to language learning. However, there are still some mistakes in using the language such as dictions and ungrammatical structure. Therefore, we have to be careful in using the language and adjust it with the society to avoid miscommunication.

"The Languages That You Know Draw the Boundary of Your World": A Thematic Analysis of the Experiences of Autistic Bilingual Adults Living in the United Kingdom.

Although being bilingual (knowing two or more languages) is becoming a more common experience globally, little is known about the combined experience of bilingualism and autism. Research currently available focuses on quantifying language and cognitive development, and the only two qualitative accounts of first-hand experiences are from either bilingual children or highly multilingual adults (with four languages or more), which may not represent the wider autistic bilingual population. All other accounts focus on parents or practitioners. This qualitative study reports the experiences of autistic bi- and multilingual adults, focusing on barriers and enablers to language learning and the reported benefits of bilingualism. Thirty-nine U.K.-based autistic bilingual adults (41% female, mean age = 33.2 years, range = 16-61) with knowledge of two to seven languages (mean = 3.6, standard deviation = 1.4) completed an online Demographic and Language Questionnaire, including three open-ended questions about the interplay between autism and bilingualism. A thematic analysis was conducted on the responses to these open-ended questions. Participants perceived many opportunities and benefits brought by bilingualism, in terms of relationships, hobbies, mobility, employment, education, and cultural insight. Respondents reported social communication as being a major benefit of being bilingual, and discussed how bilingualism had broadened their mindset, while identifying factors that had enabled or challenged their language learning journey. This study builds upon the few reports available to highlight the experiences that are shared by autistic bilingual people regardless of the number of languages they know. It is the first study to report the perspectives of U.K.-based autistic bilingual adults who, in most cases, grew up in a bilingual environment. Accounts of the factors that can facilitate or hinder language learning will inform the development of strategies to better support autistic people. These findings have implications for bilingual families and practitioners supporting autistic bilingual people.

Code Mixing and Switching Used in Breakout Music Program of Net TV

Bilingual and multilingual people present language variety called Code – Mixing and Code – Switching. The purpose of this study is to find the kinds of code mixing and code switching that used by the hosts in Breakout a music program in Net TV and to conclude the factor that influence the hosts mix and switch their utterances. This study was done by using description/qualitative method. This study used three of selected episodes, each utterances in each episode changed into the scripts, and the scripts made into the table form. As the result of this study, in generally, the hosts used two kinds of Code Mixing, they are Intra sentential code mixing and extra sentential code mixing, and five kinds of Code Switching on their utterances (Situational, Metaphorical, Tag Code switching, Inter-sentential switching, and Intra-sentential switching). The hosts mix and switch their utterances influenced by the setting and scene, participants, ends, key, norm of interaction as described by Dell Hymes, and also found the other factors, they are background of language, topic and the limited Indonesian vocabularies which can be hazy if it puts in Indonesian.

Code-Switching Practices in Multilingual Classrooms: Exploring Pedagogical Functions

This study explored the pedagogical functions of code-switching toward teaching and learning processes in multilingual classrooms. The pedagogical function is strongly important to be recognized regarding the successfulness and effectiveness of teaching and learning process. This study reports on code-switching practices for multilingual classroom communication in secondary level in Indonesia, which English is the main instruction of teaching. This study employed ethnographic case study design and the data were gathered through observation, interview and recording. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive and the obtained data demonstrated that code-switching has three function categories in terms of pedagogical functions, i.e. 1) knowledge construction/curriculum access, 2) classroom management, and 3) interpersonal relationship. If so, teachers and students are allowed to switch their language as long as they fulfill academic functions and expand students’ language repertoire. It can be inferred that the findings suggested that these practices could foster students to become bilingual people and promote the language minority.

Advantages of Language Proficiency in the Military Environment

Abstract Multilingualism describes the fact of using several living languages, understanding them, and mastering their nuances. Languages apprenticeship is long, tedious, but rewarding. Worldwide, 60-75% of the population speaks at least two languages. To be monolingual is to be part of a minority. For the new generations of military leaders, speaking several languages is a huge advantage, socially, professionally and neurologically. After briefly reviewing some scientific data on the advantages of the bilingual brain, the paper discusses how bilingualism positively affects their cognitive development as future Army leaders. Indeed, the obligation to juggle between two languages, the mother tongue and the language learned, offers bilingual people better control of the executive functions of their brain. In other words, the faculties of attention, memory, reasoning developed by learning the language are reinforced. This is an advantage for the military leader, who can thus process each piece of information more quickly and adapt more effectively to the evolution of a situation in a theatre of operations, for example. Cognitive control skills, mental flexibility, the ability to perform tasks requiring change, monitoring and conflict control are thus easier for a bilingual army officer.

A Data-Driven Lens to Understand Human Biology: An Interview with Daphne Koller

A Data-Driven Lens to Understand Human Biology: An Interview with Daphne Koller

Bilingualisme dan Multilingualisme dalam Masyarakat Kabupaten Subang

This study aims to describe the condition of bilingualism and multilingualism, as well as language attitudes in the people of Subang. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. The data source is a list of the intensity of language use and language attitudes used by the people in Subang in their daily interactions. Respondents in this study amounted to 103 respondents based on social indices such as differences in gender, age, and level of education. The research instrument used is the instrument "Basa Urang" from Chon. The data analysis of this study used the model recommended by Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of the study concluded as follows: 1) the people of Subang are bilingual and multilingual people; 2) the language attitude of the people of Subang to local languages, national languages, and foreign languages tends to be positive. Keywords: bilingualism, multilingualism, language attitudes, siciolinguistics

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF BILINGUALISM ON THE EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN FOREIGN SCIENCE

The article analyzes the updated data of meta-analyses of foreign authors dealing with current problems of bilingualism and reveals a number of reasons indicating advantages in the tasks of executive functions in favor of bilingual people. Several researchers have suggested that learning and using a second language requires common executive functions, and many have shown that bilinguals outperform monolinguals in tasks related to these processes. However, recent studies and meta-analyses have questioned whether bilingualism leads to changes in general executive functions. An article by John G. Grundy presents an analysis of 167 independent studies to support the claim of the benefits of bilingualism, excluding random results that would show an equal number of studies in favor of monolinguals than bilinguals. These results cannot be explained by publication bias, publication year, or sample size. Importantly, the analyzed data do not contradict the results regarding the overall size of the effect of bilingualism, and lead to the search for an answer to the question: When do bilinguals outperform monolinguals in performing tasks that involve executive functions?

How Fluid is the Special Statute of Autonomy of Trentino Alto Adige/South Tyrol? The influence of the Court of Justice of the EU, the Council of Europe and the Italian Constitutional Court on the Process of Implementation

This article intends to examine the different legal and institutional factors that have contributed to the fluidity of the minority protection system in Trentino Alto Adige/South Tyrol, referring to the contribution of the EU, the Council of Europe and constitutional jurisprudence. To do so, it focuses on the main principles governing minority protection. To what extent have these factors succeeded in correcting the rigidities inherent in the Statute of Autonomy? The article analyses the evolution of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU that has redefined some principles of the Statute of Autonomy, the contribution of the Council of Europe and the jurisprudence on census, quotas and membership of linguistic groups, the legal principles guiding the education system and, finally, the influence of the Italian constitutional jurisprudence on the concept of closed farmyard (‘maso chiuso’/‘Der geschlossene Hof’). In the conclusions, the article highlights how openness to the EU and the European context has contributed to the fluidity of the system and protected the prerogatives of new groups that are emerging alongside the three traditional language groups, such as bilingual people and new minorities (immigrants). These developments and the new needs of society must be taken into account in the reform of the new Statute as a new social pact.

Do Bilingual People Think Differently? Interview With Juana Park, PhD

Dr. Juana Park shares how becoming bilingual can actually affect your cognitive functioning and even your interpersonal success! Guest speaker Dr. Carrie Brown also joins the episode to talk about Psi Chi's IPALs program, which pairs chapters internationally and provides them with suggested activities so that members can gain unique cross-cultural relationships.

Analysis on the Training of Bilingual Broadcasting Talents under the Background of Information Globalization

With the deepening of economic globalization and the advancement of media technology, information dissemination is also developing towards the trend of globalization, and cultural exchanges are also quickly entering the level of globalization. As a disseminator of international culture, the professional ability of bilingual announcers directly determines the acceptability of information dissemination and the accuracy of information exchange. At present, the training of broadcasting talents in my country is still mostly limited to the national language level. To make China's five thousand-year-old civilization shine on the world stage, we must cultivate a group of bilingual media people with excellent business ability and take the initiative to It shoulders the mission of spreading the voice of a great country, conveying the image of a great country, and inheriting the civilization of a great country. This article will combine the current development status of bilingual broadcasting talents in China, and expound the significance of bilingual broadcasting talent training and the many problems existing in the training. The cultural stage has cultivated more outstanding bilingual talents.

Aphasia in Multilingual Patients.

We summarize recent published work concerning assessment and treatment of aphasia in bilingual and multilingual people and review current related models of treatment outcomes. As well, we discuss studies that address the recently debated topic of cognitive processes in bilingual individuals with aphasia, with a focus on the effects of bilingualism on aphasia recovery and its potential protective effects. Providing assessment and treatment tools that best serve multilingual individuals with aphasia and unpacking the variables and mechanisms that underlie response to treatment have emerged as goals of several recent studies. Additionally, while findings are still contradictory, some empirical studies reported that aphasia may manifest less severely in multilingual individuals and may improve faster compared to in monolingual counterparts. The findings of recent studies with the focus of aphasia in multilingual individuals are crucial to understanding theoretical and clinical aspects of brain-related language impairment in multilingual people and to the study of language representation and processing in the brain.

Autistic People's Access to Bilingualism and Additional Language Learning: Identifying the Barriers and Facilitators for Equal Opportunities.

Bilingualism is a valuable tool that enriches and facilitates cultural, social and lived experiences for autistic and non-autistic people alike. Research consistently finds no negative effects of bilingualism and highlights the potential for positive effects across cognitive and socio-cultural domains for autistic and non-autistic children. Yet parents of autistic children remain concerned that bilingualism will cause delays in both cognitive and language development and are still frequently advised by practitioners to raise their child monolingually. Evidently, findings from research are not reflected in practice or subsequent advice, and it is essential to identify ways to ensure equal access to additional language learning. We briefly summarise the existing literature on bilingualism and autism, considering perspectives from the bilingual autistic community, and experimental research. We identify the most pertinent barriers to participation for autistic bilingual children in terms of familial, clinical and educational perspectives. We propose novel solutions to promote additional language learning and suggest changes to practice that will contribute to an evidence base for families and practitioners. This commentary makes innovative recommendations at both the individual and societal level to ensure that autistic bilingual people have equal rights and opportunities to language learning and are optimally supported in accessing them.

Comparación de la autoeficacia de los estudiantes bilingües hacia las habilidades de habla turca con respecto al estatus socioeconómico

Equity in education refers to the accessibility of educational opportunities by the students from disadvantaged groups in the society as well as the other groups. Socio-economic status is evidently one of the most dominant factors defining advantaged and disadvantaged social groups. On the other hand, bilingualism may either be an educational advantage or a disadvantage in different conditions. This study is a causal-comparative survey aiming to investigate the relationship between bilingual students’ self-efficacy toward Turkish speaking skills and the socio-economic status of their families. The study was conducted on 1763 bilingual students studying in middle schools located in several districts in Izmir where bilingual people commonly live. Participants’ self-efficacy toward Turkish speaking skills was measured by Bilingual Students’ Self-efficacy toward Turkish Speaking Skills Scale including 10 Likert-type items. Participants’ socioeconomic status was measured by a series of items about their parents’ educational and occupational status and family income. Data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and the findings showed that there are significant differences in bilingual students’ self-efficacy toward Turkish speaking skills between low and high socioeconomic status and between low and medium socioeconomic status.

Dimensions of social categorization: Inside the role of language

The present pre-registration aims to investigate the role of language as a dimension of social categorization. Our critical aim is to investigate whether language can be used as a dimension of social categorization even when the languages coexist within the same sociolinguistic group, as is the case in bilingual communities where two languages are used in daily social interactions. We will use the memory confusion paradigm (also known as the Who said what? task). In the first part of the task, i.e. encoding, participants will be presented with a face (i.e. speaker) and will listen to an auditory sentence. Two languages will be used, with half of the faces always associated with one language and the other half with the other language. In the second phase, i.e. recognition, all the faces will be presented on the screen and participants will decide which face uttered which sentence in the encoding phase. Based on previous literature, we expect that participants will be more likely to confuse faces from within the same language category than from the other language category. Participants will be bilingual individuals of two bilingual communities, the Basque Country (Spain) and Veneto (Italy). The two languages of these communities will be used, Spanish and Basque (Study 1), and Italian and Venetian dialect (Study 2). Furthermore, we will explore whether the amount of daily exposure to the two languages modulates the effect of language as a social categorization cue. This research will allow us to test whether bilingual people use language to categorize individuals belonging to the same sociolinguistic community based on the language these individuals are speaking. Our findings may have relevant political and social implications for linguistic policies in bilingual communities.

Speech fluency in bilinguals who stutter: Language proficiency and attentional demands as mediating factors

PurposeThe current study examines how speech disfluencies manifest themselves in the two languages of bilingual persons who stutter, starting from the hypothesis that stuttering is associated with an attentional deficit at the level of speech production. MethodsTwenty-eight bilingual people who stutter performed a spontaneous and a controlled speech production task, once in their dominant and once in their non-dominant language. The controlled production task (i.e. a network description task) was carried out once under a full-attention condition and once under a divided-attention condition where a non-linguistic, pitch discrimination task was performed simultaneously. ResultsIn both the spontaneous and the controlled speech task, bilingual persons who stutter produced more (typical and stuttering-like) disfluencies in their L2 than in their L1. Furthermore, whereas the typical disfluencies increased when attention was directed away from speech production, stuttering-like disfluencies decreased. This effect was however restricted to L2. In addition, L2 proficiency was generally found to be a predicting factor, with higher proficiency leading to fewer disfluencies. ConclusionsThese results suggest that speaking in a non-dominant language increases both typical and stuttering-like disfluencies in bilingual persons who stutter, but also that these two types of dysfluencies differ regarding their attentional origins. Our findings offer further support for attentional accounts of stuttering and have both theoretical and clinical implications.

The Effect of Multilingualism on Cognition, Memory, and Emotions: A Review

A very popular field in research on bilingualism and multilingualism is how bilingual and multilingual people perceive and express their feelings and which languages they prefer each time (Pavlenko, 2012). A fascinating issue is that of distancing oneself from an L2 - something that has also been discussed in the texts of bilingual writers who have stated that their L2 was for them a less emotionally charged language, in comparison with their L1. Besides, a speaker often uses his L1 to express emotions, since each language can convey distinct emotional meanings according to the interlocutors and the context. Moreover, research on conscious event retrieval and autobiographical memory has also provided evidence for memory and language, as it has been found that memories tend to be more readily available for retrieval in the language in which they first appeared. Bilinguals generally report their memories in more detail and the level of processing during memory retrieval is higher in the language in which the event occurred. The exploration of the effect of multilingualism on memory and emotions is a promising field that can help educators and academics better understand the speakers’ abilities and specific attributes.