Bilateral Pelvic Lymphadenectomy Research Articles

Incidence of low volume metastases after retrospective ultrastaging of patients with early stage, node negative cervical cancer and receipt of post-operative adjuvant therapy.

e17506 Background: Nodal positivity directs receipt of adjuvant post-operative therapy in early stage cervical cancer; the significance of low-volume metastases (LVM) is unclear. We hypothesized patients with early stage cervical cancer with high risk factors on pathology and negative nodes would have a higher incidence of LVM on retrospective ultrastaging. Methods: This retrospective cohort study collected clinicopathologic data via chart review on early stage cervical cancer patients treated at our institution from January 2011 - June 2021. The study was approved by the IRB. Inclusion criteria included patients >18 years old who underwent a radical hysterectomy/trachelectomy with pathology-proven negative nodes who went on to be recommended for post-operative adjuvant therapy, due to factors defined under Sedlis or Peters criteria. Patients were excluded for rare histology or prior pelvic radiation. Resected nodes were ultrastaged, performed by 4 re-cuts at 20 microns on each lymph node staging, stained with H&E and one level with CK AE1/AE3 to identify presence of any LVM. Analysis was performed via descriptive statistics with Microsoft Excel. Results: 199 patients were treated with radical hysterectomy between 2011-2021; 20 met study criteria. The average age at diagnosis was 51 years: 65% Caucasian, 25% Black, 10% Latino. 75% had Squamous cell carcinoma, 85% (n=17) of the cohort were a 2009 FIGO pathologic Stage 1B. 35% of the cohort underwent a minimally invasive hysterectomy. Tumor size varied: 25% (n=5) of tumors were less than 2 cm, 35% (n=7) of tumors measured greater than or equal to 2 cm, 30% (n=6) measured greater than or equal to 3 cm, and 10% (n=2) measured greater than or equal to 4 cm. Lymphovascular space invasion was noted in 75% (n=15) of samples. Superficial stromal invasion was noted in 5% (n=1), deep stromal invasion was noted in 65% (n=13). 5% (n=1) of patients had parametrial invasion, and 5% (n=1) had positive margins. A full bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed on every patient, with 245 nodal blocks ultrastaged. 80% (n=16) received adjuvant therapy: 3 chemoradiation, 13 radiation, 4 declined. LVM was identified in 5% (n=1) patients; a macrometastases was identified as missed in the initial pathologic evaluation of another. 10% (n=2) patients developed recurrence, one at the pelvic brim and one distant (lung). The patient with the newly identified LVM received adjuvant radiation, and developed recurrence at the pelvic brim. Conclusions: The results of this small study suggest traditional “high risk” factors in surgically managed cervical cancer is associated with positive ultrastaged nodes in 5% of cases. This finding suggests that utilization of sentinel node identification with associated ultrastaging will accurately identify patients who will benefit from adjuvant therapy.

Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy with Modified Vesica Ileale Padovana (VIP) Neobladder Configuration Using a Hybrid Approach: Initial Experience.

We developed a new technique to fold a neobladder (NB) simply by using a modified Vesica Ileale Padovana (VIP) with a hybrid approach. We provide a step-by-step description of our technique as it was used in this initial experience. A total of 10 male patients with a median age of 66 years underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with an orthotopic NB via a hybrid approach from March 2022 to February 2023. After the isolation of the bladder and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy, Wallace plate creation was performed, and the robot was undocked. We extracorporeally performed the removal of the specimen and a side-to-side ileoileal anastomosis, and then the VIP NB posterior plate was rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise using a 45 cm detubularized ileum. The robot was redocked; then, circumferential urethra-ileal anastomosis, side-to-middle anterior wall closure, and ureteric afferent limb anastomosis were performed. The median estimated blood loss was 524 mL, and the mean operative time was 496 min. Patients had a high continence rate, and no high-grade complications were observed. The NB configuration using the modified VIP method for a hybrid approach is a feasible surgical technique to minimize the movement of robotic forceps. In particular, it may be more useful in Asian individuals with narrow pelvises.

Xanthogranulomatous Ureteritis: A Diagnostic Challenge in a Patient with Bladder Cancer.

Xanthogranulomatous ureteritis is a very rare process characterized by the presence of foamy histiocytes in a background of chronic active inflammation affecting the ureteral wall. Herein, we describe a case of a 64-year-old man with bladder cancer affecting the left posterolateral wall of the bladder. Radiologically, there was a suspicion of multifocal involvement of the ureteral wall. The patient underwent a radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and a laparoscopic left nephroureterectomy. Histopathologic examination of the radical cystectomy revealed an invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The wall of the left ureter was replaced by abundant foamy histocytes and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with lymphocytes and plasma cells consistent with xanthogranulomatous ureteritis. In this report, we highlight the importance of awareness of this benign process when observing a ureteral mass in cancer patients.

Intraoperative ICG-Fluorescence Imaging of Lymph Nodes in Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Introduction. Bladder cancer dominates among global health problems. Radical cystectomy is the recognized standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy as a mandatory step in the surgical procedure. The concept of sentinel lymph nodes, acting as a barrier to the spread of malignant process, can be beneficial in terms of reducing the extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy. Intraoperative imaging using indocyanine green now appears to be a contemporary and relevant method for intraoperative imaging of sentinel lymph nodes. Materials and methods. A study involving 28 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer was carried out at the clinic of the Bashkir State Medical University. All patients underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal formation of a heterotopic neobladder using Bricker technique. At the stage of pelvic lymphadenectomy, the isolated lymph nodes were evaluated and intraoperative ICG-fluorescence was performed. All lymph nodes obtained were examined microscopically and the results were interpreted taking into account the intraoperative diagnosis. Results and discussion. Intraoperative ICG fluorescence identified sentinel lymph nodes in 7 of 9 patients (77.8%, p < 0.05), with sensitivity equal to 77.8%, p < 0.05 and specificity — 87.5%, p < 0.05. Conclusion. The results proved a high reliability of the method of intraoperative lymph nodes imaging with indocyanine green in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Fluorescence navigation in cancer surgery opens up new opportunities for improving perioperative outcomes and reducing complications.

Laporan Kasus Kanker Endometrium Tipe Sekretori

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries, second most in poor countries and developing countries after cervical cancer. Most endometrial cancer patients come with complaints of bleeding and come at an early stage. It’s important to make the right diagnosis to determine the appropriate treatment. Treatment depends on the stage determined by surgery. After surgery, the patient’s risk was classified as low, moderate, or high risk. This risk is determined by stage, cell type, differentiation, involvement of blood vessels and lymph vessels. From these risk factors, it is determined whether or not additional postoperative therapy is needed in the form of radiation or chemotherapy. Secretory type of endometrial cancer is a rare endometrial malignancy. This case’s population is 1-2% of all endometrial cancer. Histologically, this type of cancer belongs to type one. We report a secretory type of endometrial cancer case in a 41-year- old woman with a complaint of irregular menstruation, and a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was done. Histologically, secretory carcinoma must be separated from carcinoma clear cell to determine the prognosis. Keyword: endometrial cancer, secretory type

Endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising in adenomyosis in a patient with pelvic organ prolapse—case report

BackgroundAdenomyosis is a frequent finding in endometrial carcinoma patients. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most common type of endometrial carcinoma; however, endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from adenomyosis is extremely rare.Case presentationIn this case report, we describe a 69-year-old woman who required surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The patient had been postmenopausal for 20 years and had no abnormal bleeding after menopause. The patient underwent transvaginal hysterectomy, repair of anterior and posterior vaginal walls, ischium fascial fixation and repair of an old perineal laceration. Histological examination of surgical specimens revealed endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus. Bilateral adnexectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and para-aortic lymphadenectomy were then performed. The postoperative histopathological diagnosis was stage IB endometrial cancer (endometrioid carcinoma G2).ConclusionsIn summary, endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from adenomyosis (EC-AIA) is a rare entity and the early diagnosis is difficult. Adequate preoperative assessment and enhanced inquiry of occult clinical symptoms of postmenopausal women before hysterectomy may contribute to the diagnosis of EC-AIA preoperatively.

Urachal Adenocarcinoma: a Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Urachal adenocarcinoma is one of the rare and aggressive neoplasms that often presents at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Urachal adenocarcinoma makes up 0.17 to 0.34% of all bladder carcinomas. Patients commonly present with hematuria. Wide local excision of urachal mass with umbilicus and surrounding soft tissue en bloc combined with partial or radical cystectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy is considered to be the primary surgical management. However, many publications in literature report that en bloc removal of tumor with umbilicus, entire urachal ligament, and bladder dome alone has long-term survival and disease-free period. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old post-menopausal female patient with a fungating mass in the umbilical region of size approximately 10 cm in maximum diameter with mucopurulent discharge from the mass. The patient had no history of any hematuria, mucinuria, burning micturition, or any particles in urine. A laparotomy was performed, and tumor mass along with the cuff of the bladder dome was removed as en bloc along with umbilectomy. This case report highlights a rare case of urachal adenocarcinoma with a fungating mass of large size in a female patient which is otherwise more commonly seen in males. A review of published literature is also presented.

Incidental damage of obturator nerve during laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer – Demonstration of a successful repairing procedure

ObjectiveIn order to highlight the importance of intraoperative complications and their management, we demonstrate a video of an iatrogenic left obturator nerve lesion during a pelvic lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer staging. The repair was promptly performed using an intracorporeal laparoscopic suture for an end-to-end tension-free nerve anastomosis. DesignStepwise demonstration of the technique with narrated video footage. SettingA 70-year-old woman with a stage IB grade I endometrial adenocarcinoma was submitted to a surgical laparoscopic staging with total hysterectomy(TH), bilateral adnexectomy(BA), and bilateral pelvic and lomboaortic lymphadenectomy. After an uneventful retroperitoneal lomboaortic lymphadenectomy, the left paravesical space was dissected until the obturator fossae and a left pelvic lymphadenectomy followed, during which the left obturator nerve was accidentally transected with LigaSure™. InterventionsA careful inspection revealed an almost complete transection (80%) of the nerve, with both proximal and distal cut ends identifiable and no fraying of the edges. The thickness of the non-sectioned nervous portion was less than 3 mm, but a tension-free reattachment of both edges seemed manageable. The edges were oriented towards each other and a single stitch suture was placed using a 5–0 prolene, providing an epineural end-to-end coaptation. To reinforce the suture, a Fibrin sealant Tissucol® was applied. The contralateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was then performed, followed by TH and BA. The pieces were removed through the vagina using an endobag. The patient was discharged on the second postoperative day. During the follow-up, there were no signs of diminished adductor function, and neither there was any other detectable residual neuropathy or neurologic deficit involving the left thigh. ConclusionIt is crucial to identify intraoperative complications and to develop abilities to manage them. This video proves that it is possible to repair a transected obturator nerve using laparoscopy, when performed by an experienced onco-gynecologist, with extremely good functional results.

Characteristic of Cervical Cancer Patients Who Had Undergone Radical Hysterectomy and Bilateral Pelvic Lymphadenectomy in Sanglah Hospital from 2018-2019

Cervical cancer is an over or uncontrolled cell growth in the cervix, mainly caused by infection with HPV types 16 and 18. Some prognostic and predictive factors already established to determine the future therapeutic outcomes. Common treatments for early stage cervical cancer are radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. This study aims to know the characteristic description of cervical cancer patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy in Sanglah Hospital from 2018-2019. Samples were chosen from a list of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was conducted using the software SPSS ver. 26 to obtain the characteristics of the cervical cancer case that had radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy based on age, parity, tumor size, clinical stage, histopathological profile which includes histopathological type, degree of differentiation, LVSI, incision margin, parametrial invasion, and pelvic lymph node metastasis. Result shows that cervical cancer patients that had radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali from 2018-2019 are 50.9% from the age group 46-55 years old, 69.8% with multiparity (2-4 children), 69.8% were found with tumor <4cm, and 35.8% were found with stage IIB cancer. The most common histopathological type was squamous cell carcinoma (47.2%). Vaginal incision margins and parametrial invasion were generally negative, 73.6% and 86.8%. Pelvic lymph node metastases were also mostly negative (77.4%). Most of the data on the degree of differentiation and LVSI were not listed (92.6% and 50.9%). There was no significant relationship between age, parity, tumor size, clinical stage, histopathological type, and pelvic lymph node metastases.

Development of a nomogram for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

To develop and validate a nomogram for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This was a retrospective study that included 715 patients with cervical SCC who underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy between 2009 and 2018. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for pelvic LNM. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram predicting LNM risk was constructed and internally validated using the bootstrapping resampling method. The rate of LNM in FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology & Obstetrics) Stage IA2-IIA2 cervical SCC was 24.2%. In multivariate analysis, FIGO Stage II, moderately differentiated or poorly differentiated histology, abnormally elevated serum SCC-antigen, and triglyceride were identified as independent risk factors for LNM. Tumor size greater than 2 cm and parametrial involvement had borderline significance. Ultimately, the nomogram contained the six variables mentioned above, showing positive calibration and positive discrimination. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curvewas 0.827 and the bootstrap-validated C-index was 0.827. The Youden index of this paper was 0.540. We developed and validated a nomogram to predict pelvic LNM in SCC based on clinical data, which can help physicians develop an optimal treatment strategy.

Biochemical Relapse in Low-risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Radical Prostatectomy and Bilateral Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

Abstract Introduction For low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), curative treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP) can be performed, reporting a biochemical relapse-free survival rate (bRFS) at 5 and 7 years of 90.1% and 88.3%, respectively. Prostatic specific antigen (PSA), pathological stage (pT), and positive margins (R1) are significant predictors of biochemical relapse (BR). Even though pelvic lymphadenectomy is not recommended during RP, in the literature, it is performed in 34% of these patients, finding 0.37% of positive lymph nodes (N1). In this study, we aim to evaluate the 10-year bRFS in patients with low-risk PCa who underwent RP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND). Methodology All low-risk patients who underwent RP plus bilateral ePLND at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia between 2006 and 2019 were reviewed. Biochemical relapse was defined as 2 consecutive increasing levels of PSA > 0.2 ng/mL. A descriptive analysis was performed using the STATA 15 software (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA), and the Kaplan-Meier curves and uni and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used for the survival outcome analysis. The related regression coefficients were used for the hazard ratio (HR), and, for all comparisons, a two-sided p-value ˂ 0.05 was used to define statistical significance. Results Two hundred and two patients met the study criteria. The 10-year bRFS for the general population was 82.5%, statistically related to stage pT3 (p = 0.047), higher Gleason grade group (GG) (p ≤ 0.001), and R1 (p ≤ 0.001), but not with N1. A total of 3.9% of the patients had N1; of these, 75% had R1, 25% GG2, and 37% GG3. Among the N0 (non-lymph node metástasis in prostate cáncer) patients, 31% of the patients had R1, 41% GG2, and 13% GG3. Conclusions Our bRFS was 82.5% in low-risk patients who underwent RP and ePLND. With higher pT, GG, and presence of R1, the probability of BR increased. Those with pN1 (pathologicaly confirmed positive lymph nodes) were not associated with bRFS, with a pN1 detection rate of 3.9%. Details: In low-risk PCa, curative treatment with RP can be performed, reporting a bRFS rate at 5 and 7 years of 90.1% and 88.3%, respectively. Despite the fact that pelvic lymphadenectomy is not recommended during RP in clinical guidelines, in the literature, it is performed in 34% of these patients, finding 0.37% of N1. In this study, we report the 10-year bRFS in patients with low-risk PCa who underwent surgery.

A prospective trial to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with arsenic trioxide and carboplatin in locally advanced cervical cancer: a study protocol for randomized controlled clinical

BackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women, which is threatening female reproductive tract health. Chemotherapy can be used for neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced cervical cancer and postoperative adjuvant therapy for patients with high-risk factors, so as to reduce the focus, sensitize radiotherapy, and reduce recurrence. The current first-line treatment is paclitaxel combined with platinum. Many literature studies have found that As2O3 alone or in combination with platinum drugs have good efficacy in a variety of tumors both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, our research group has verified that the efficacy of As2O3 combined with platinum drugs in the treatment of cervical cancer is not inferior to the traditional first-line regimen at the cellular and animal levels, and paclitaxel is more expensive than As2O3. Hence, we aim to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with As2O3 and carboplatin in locally advanced cervical cancer.MethodsSixty participants in the IB2, IIA2, and IIB stages of cervical cancer will be recruited in this study. After excluding patients who did not meet the criteria, they were randomly assigned to two groups in a 1:1 ratio. All patients underwent colposcopic biopsies to confirm the diagnosis and detailed clinical examinations. Eligible patients will receive either 2 cycles of paclitaxel and carboplatin or As2O3 and carboplatin every 3 weeks. Patients were assessed for clinical efficacy after the second cycle of chemotherapy. Patients who had disease stable or disease progression at these time points will receive concurrent chemotherapy and radiation directly, while responders will receive PiverRutledge grade III radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Both groups of patients undergoing radical hysterectomy were given adjuvant therapy as per protocol-defined criteria. The efficacy and toxicity of the two groups were evaluated according to WHO acute and subacute toxicity classification standards.DiscussionThis is the first single-center, prospective, two-arm design, open-label randomized control trial that will evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with As2O3 and carboplatin in locally advanced cervical cancer.Trial registrationChineseClinicalTrialRegistryChiCTR1900023822. Registered on 13 June 2019.

V07-09 ROBOTIC-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC PROSTATECTOMY AND URETHRAL PULL THROUGH OF MEMBRANOUS URETHRA TO BLADDER

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022V07-09 ROBOTIC-ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC PROSTATECTOMY AND URETHRAL PULL THROUGH OF MEMBRANOUS URETHRA TO BLADDER Safiya-Hana Belbina, Scott Spivey-Provencio, Pegah Taheri, E. Charles Osterberg, and Aaron A. Laviana Safiya-Hana BelbinaSafiya-Hana Belbina More articles by this author , Scott Spivey-ProvencioScott Spivey-Provencio More articles by this author , Pegah TaheriPegah Taheri More articles by this author , E. Charles OsterbergE. Charles Osterberg More articles by this author , and Aaron A. LavianaAaron A. Laviana More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002598.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: While robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy has been a durable treatment option for men with localized prostate cancer over the past two decades, salvage prostatectomies are performed less frequently. In this video, we report a unique case of a salvage prostatectomy and membraneous urethra pull-through in an individual who was treated with both high-intensity focused ultrasound and external beam radiation therapy complicated by prostate cancer recurrence and a severe bulbar urethral stricture that failed direct visual internal urethrotomy. METHODS: The case presents a 71-year-old male with a urological history of prostate cancer in 2010 treated with HIFU. Following biochemical recurrence in 2013 he subsequently underwent salvage EBRT. This was complicated by a severe bulbar urethral stricture necessitating two DVIUs In addition, the patient underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for obstructed voiding symptoms and placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis. From a cancer standpoint, his PSA slowly rose after EBRT from 1.3 in 2019 to 2.7 in 2021. Repeat prostate biopsy showed 1/14 cores positive for Gleason Score 4+4=8 prostate cancer. The patient proceed with a robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy with a urethral pull through and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The video begins with dissection of the prostatic apex to entirely free up and remove the prostate. Once the prostate is separated from the urethra, the dissection continues until the old bulbar urethral scar is completely removed. After we ensure the remnant urethra is free of scar and patent, the urethra is seen being passed through from below into the pelvic cavity and the anastomosis is performed. We then proceeded with a bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy using the synchroseal device which obviates the need for any clips. The patient’s inflatable prosthesis reservoir makes the right side more challenging, however, it is feasible with careful dissection. RESULTS: The patient was discharged on post-operative day 1 with all drains removed and his post-operative course remained uncomplicated. On post-operative day 19, he had a normal voiding cystourethrogram. CONCLUSIONS: This case discusses the surgical technique used in a salvage robotic-assisted prostatectomy with membranous urethral pull-through in a patient with previous history of HIFU, salvage EBRT, bulbar urethral stricture, and inflatable penile prosthesis. In this video, we show this is a feasible option in select men and may spare them the burden from undergoing a radical cystoprostatectomy. Source of Funding: n/a © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e661 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Safiya-Hana Belbina More articles by this author Scott Spivey-Provencio More articles by this author Pegah Taheri More articles by this author E. Charles Osterberg More articles by this author Aaron A. Laviana More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Primary perimenarcheal ovarian leiomyosarcoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction and importanceLeiomyosarcomas of the ovary are extremely rare neoplasia usually occurring in perimenopausal patients.Case presentationA 16-year-old female patient, with no particular pathological history, who presented with chronic pelvic pain. On imaging; presence of a suprauterine solid cystic formation of 12 cm long axis. Tumor markers were normal.On exploration, solid cystic formation of 15 cm long axis. A total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy associated with bilateral pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and a total omentectomy were performed. Anatomical pathology; an ovarian leiomyosarcoma.Clinical discussionLeiomyosarcomas of the ovary are extremely rare, representing less than 1% of all ovarian malignancies. They probably derive from the smooth muscle component. No definitive diagnostic criteria for ovarian leiomyosarcomas have been adopted to date, however the histological criteria adopted are those for uterine leiomyosarcomas. The differential diagnosis of these tumors includes fibrosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, thecomas and extradigestive stromal tumors. The prognosis of ovarian leiomyosarcomas is generally poor.Complete surgical resection remains for all authors the cornerstone of treatment.The benefit of adjuvant therapies, namely chemotherapy or radiotherapy, remains to be proven.ConclusionLeiomyosarcoma of the ovary, although exceptional, should always be included among the diagnostic possibilities when an ovarian cyst of organic appearance is discovered in a perimenarcheal patient.

Identification and Biopsy of Sentinel Lymph Node in Early-Stage Cervical Carcinoma: Diagnostic Accuracy and Clinical Utility.

BackgroundDue to the subsequent complications of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with early-stage cervical cancer, the sentinel lymph node (SLN) technique has been increasingly employed. This study aimed to investigate the detectability of SLN using methylene blue and explore the diagnostic accuracy of SLN biopsy.MethodologyA study was conducted from September 2015 to August 2018 and included 90 women with cervical cancer, FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics-2009) stage IA1-IIA1. Methylene blue was injected intracervically. Any detected dyed nodes were sent for frozen section biopsy, followed by bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. The predictive ability of SLN was evaluated in statistical terms after comparison of intraoperative biopsy and final histopathology.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, false-negative rate, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value (NPV) were 55.6%, 95.1%, 4.9%, 55.6%, and 95.1%, respectively. The SLN performance in patients with tumor size ≤2.2 cm, negative lymphovascular space involvement, and depth of stromal invasion ≤5 mm was superior (sensitivity 100%, specificity 93.5%, NPV 100%).ConclusionsThe SLN technique with blue dye alone is a feasible and adequate alternative to systematic lymphadenectomy in early-stage cervical cancer in selected patients, given that a strict algorithm is applied.

Assessing Tumor Size by MRI and Pathology in Type I Endometrial Carcinoma to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis.

IntroductionLymphatic spread is the most common route of spread of endometrial carcinoma, and the most frequently involved lymph nodes are those of the external iliac group. MRI is one of the best imaging tools for the preoperative evaluation of patients with endometrial carcinoma. The objective of the current study is to analyze the relationship between tumor size and lymph node metastasis in patients with type I endometrial carcinoma.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was from January 2020 to January 2021. During this period, 86 patients with biopsy-proven type I endometrial carcinoma were selected. Tumor size was measured by MRI. All participants underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Histopathological evaluation was performed according to the College of American Pathologists (CAP) protocols, and staging was performed using the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Lymph nodes were considered positive or negative, irrespective of their number.ResultOf the 86 patients, 25 (29.1%) had positive lymph node metastasis. The mean tumor size with positive lymph node metastasis by MRI and histopathology was 7.86 cm and 10.21 cm, respectively. Tumor size determined by MRI and histopathology was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). Tumor size was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (r = 0.715). The cutoff value of >6.5 cm by MRI was established as the statistically significant differentiator of lymph node metastasis. The calculated sensitivity and specificity were 88% and 90.16%, respectively, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.920. The cutoff value of >8 cm by histopathology was established as the statistically significant differentiator of lymph node metastasis. The calculated sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 88.52%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.907.ConclusionOur results showed that lymph node metastasis in patients with type I endometrial carcinoma can be predicted by tumor size. This may help incorporate adequate surgical skills and management plans in the treatment course of type I endometrial carcinoma.

294. Abdominal radical trachelectomy as a fertility-sparing treatment for early-stage cervical cancer; a single institution experience

Introduction and aims of the study: The recommended surgical treatment for FIGO stage IA2–IB1 cervical cancer is radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Unfortunately, this procedure leads to loss of fertility. Abdominal Radical Trachelectomy (ART) is a procedure that preserves the uterus without increasing the risk of recurrence while retaining childbearing potential. We describe the surgical, oncologic, and fertility outcomes of patients treated with ART. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing fertility-sparing ART with pelvic lymphadenectomy for early-stage cervical cancer at our institution from 2002 to 2016. Results: A total of 80 patients who underwent ART with pelvic lymphadenectomy were followed for 2–106 months. Thirty-two patients had undergone conization before surgery. The characteristics of the patients included tumor diameter of 8–32 mm (stage IA2 = 10, stage IB1 [b3.2 cm] = 70), average age of 29.5 years (range, 26–43 years), mean operative time of 185 min (range, 142–245 min), and average blood loss of 350 mL (range, 150– 750 mL). Uterine arteries were identified at their origin from the internal iliac artery and gently preserved in 76 cases. There were two recurrences in the paraaortic area treated with chemoradiation (n = 1) and radical hysterectomy (n = 1). Three patients developed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and were successfully treated by loop excision. Forty-five women attempted to conceive, and 34 successful pregnancies were recorded (75%). All of the pregnancies resulted in live births, with a preterm delivery rate of 17.6% (6/34). Conclusions: Our study is one of the largest series of ART to date. Our results show that radical abdominal trachelectomy is feasible and can be performed safely in well-selected patients with cervical cancer who wish to preserve their fertility.

Vaginal natural orifice transvaginal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) surgical staging for endometrial carcinoma: The feasibility of an innovative approach

ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the feasibility of treating early-stage endometrial cancer with hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy by vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES). Materials and methodsA longitudinal study of prospectively registered patients was conducted at an academic tertiary care center. 15 patients who underwent vNOTES surgical staging of early endometrial carcinoma between January 2014 and December 2020 were included in the study. Results15 patients between 20 and 80yrs of age with histologically proven Stage1 Gr1-2 endometrial cancer underwent vNOTES surgical staging. The mean age of the study population was 52.8 years (Standard Deviation [SD] 6.8) and the mean BMI was 27.8 kg/m2 (SD 6.4). The average operative time was 231.4 min (SD 41.0) with the mean estimated blood loss of 122.0 mL (SD 104.4). A total of 12 (80%) patients underwent SNL biopsy with ICG guided system, whereas 3 (20%) had pelvic lymph node dissection. There was one case with the surgical complication of bladder injury requiring conversion to conventional laparoscopy. ConclusionWith this study, we studied the feasibility of vNOTES surgery for early-stage endometrial cancer with minimal complications and the best long-term surgical outcome. The surgeries were performed by a single skilled endoscopist surgeon with previous experience with vNOTES surgery for adnexal tumors and hysterectomy. Our results showed the practicality of vNOTES in staging surgery for early-stage endometrial cancer. However, application to a larger cohort is required for more extensive surgical outcome studies.

58 Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the cervix with focal endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterus

Introduction: Mesonephric carcinoma is a rare tumor of the female genital tract and is mostly located in the uterine cervix. The tumor has an aggressive clinical pattern, and due to its rarity, a standard attitude towards its management has not been established yet. Case presentation: We report a 49-year old patient who presented with cervical mass and abnormal uterine bleeding. Radical hysterectomy with bilateral salphingoopherectomy, pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy and omentectomy was performed.

Tumor board presentation of a woman with metastatic, hormone receptor‐positive, mismatch repair‐deficient endometrial cancer

Tumor board presentation of a woman with metastatic, hormone receptor‐positive, mismatch repair‐deficient endometrial cancer