Bilaspur District Research Articles

A checklist of moths in Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh, in the western Himalayan foothills, India

In the first ever enumeration of moth diversity of Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh, India, located mostly in the Shivalik range, 82 species/morphospecies were reported, at least 22 of which are new records for Himachal Pradesh, and five are new records for Western Himalayas. In addition to a list of moths for the district supplemented with photographs, identification keys for similar species, larval host plants for species, and a near exhaustive dataset of distribution of the species/genera within and outside India are also provided.

A Study on the Health Condition of Women of the Birhor Tribe of Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh State

Health is an important part of human development for people’s lives. In addition, there is a significant gap in tribal areas’ access to healthcare services and health infrastructure. The present study aims to know the perception of Birhor tribal women about the causes of their illness and to identify the methods of their treatment. The study was carried out in Koyalari, Semaria, Shaktibahra, and Umaria villages under the Kota block of Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state. Primary data were collected from 116 women of the Birhor tribe. The data were analyzed using suitable statistical tools. The majority of the respondents (68.97%) reported a lack of current and past health problems, which is indicative of very good health, however, of those respondents who had health problems most had frailty-related problems. The reliance on traditional treatment methods, especially Vaidyas, highlights the lack of education and access to medical facilities. Moreover, the majority of respondents (38.79%) said that they give first preference to Vaidya for their health-related treatment, followed by respondents who prefer quack doctors (35.34%), Baigas (21.55%), and qualified doctors (2.59%).

ग्रामीण विकास के विए चुनौवियाांऔर अिसर: वििासपुर वििेका प्रिीकात्मक अध्ययन (छत्तीसगढ़

India is one of the largest democratic countries in the world. Its spirit resides in the villages. The Indian economy is basically rural and agricultural. The upliftment of villages is necessary for the all-round development of the country. 70 percent of the population of this country with rich human resources lives in about 6 lakh villages. Development of rural areas is a big problem in this hugely diverse country. Many problems like poverty, unemployment, rapid population growth, malnutrition, disease can be seen in rural areas. Keeping these in mind, the framers of the Constitution had laid emphasis on the implementation of rural development schemes. The Father of the Nation had envisioned rural development through Panchayati Raj. The 73rd Amendment Bill of the Indian Constitution proved to be a milestone in the matter of rural development. Various schemes sponsored by the Central and State Government proved effective for rural progress and restructuring Bilaspur district is located in the eastern part of Chhattisgarh. This district is surrounded by Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh state and Koriya, Raipur, Korba, and Janjgir districts of Chhattisgarh state. The total area of Bilaspur district is approximately 3508.48 square kilometers. It is hilly in the north and flat in the south. The average rainfall in this district is about 1220 mm. The district is surrounded by Agar, Maniyari and Arpa rivers. The total population of Bilaspur district is approximately 12663629 out of which 79% people live in villages and the total population density is approximately 674 persons per square kilometer. The physical, economic, socio-cultural condition of the rural parts of this district is pathetic. There are many obstacles in the path of rural development, which require systematic solutions. This district has immense development potential, which needs to be the focus of the government and planners. Regional disparities can be eliminated by proper development of physical and human resources so that a blueprint for progress can be prepared.

Application of garret ranking technique in studying the problems of mushroom production and marketing in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh

Application of garret ranking technique in studying the problems of mushroom production and marketing in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh

Cost benefit analysis of paddy straw mushroom in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh

Cost benefit analysis of paddy straw mushroom in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh

Characterization and Field Evaluation of Potential Fluorescent Pseudomonas Isolates on Growth and Yield Attributing Characters in Chickpea

The present investigation was conducted at the research and instructional farm, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India during rabi (October–December 2019) to evaluate the influence of fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates on chickpeas through characterization and field evaluation. Eighty-eight rhizosphere soil samples were derived from different locations in Bastar and Bilaspur districts of Chhattisgarh, India. Potential isolates were required for fundamental research and practical application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains on different crops. Among eighty-eight isolates, ten fluorescent Pseudomonas (visible under UV light at 360 nm) emitting strong fluorescence were selected for the course of the investigation and characterized for the production of siderophores, phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, and analysis of antagonistic potential. Of the 10 Pseudomonas isolates, 9704 was identified as the highest phosphate solubilizer, BSP-23 was identified as the highest indole acetic acid producer, and BSP-19 was the highest siderophore producer. Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates BS-1, BS-4, 9809, BSP-14, and BSP-19 were identified to possess 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase-producing ability following qualitative analysis. Our present investigation indicates that beneficial effects of fluorescent Pseudomonas could be achieved through simple and cost-effective seed treatment. Three fluorescent Pseudomonas strains, 9704, BS-14, and 9829, consistently increased seed germination and improved plant growth and yield (BS-37.9% and 9704-35.7%) attributes in chickpeas. Besides, confrontation assays performed against R. bataticola expressed varying levels of inhibition. The phylogenetic affinities of 16S rRNA gene sequencing resolved the species identities of selected isolates.

Resource use Efficiency in Carnation Production under Polyhouse Conditions in Himachal Pradesh, India

Floral expressions often capture the depth of emotions and sentiments that surpass the capabilities of verbal communication. The practice of flower farming within polyhouse conditions has emerged as a burgeoning segment within the agricultural domain, offering substantial revenue opportunities. This is particularly relevant in terrains characterized by hilly topographies, such as Himachal Pradesh, where agricultural land is scarce, with an average of 0.12 hectares of cultivable land and 0.02 hectares of irrigated land per capita. Such limitations necessitate an agricultural paradigm focused on maximizing returns per unit of area, labor, and capital investment. The research undertook an analytical journey in the Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh to scrutinize the efficiency of resource utilization in the cultivation of carnations under polyhouse conditions. Engaging a cohort of 60 polyhouse-utilizing farmers, selected through proportional allocation across two blocks of the district, the study unveiled that the utilization efficiencies, as measured by the marginal value product (MVP) to price ratios, were highest for manure (5.78), followed by pesticides (3.55), and labor (2.04), each exceeding the unity threshold. This indicates that augmenting the input of these resources could potentially amplify returns.

Assessment of Indoor Particulate Matter and Teacher's Perceived Indoor Climate in Government Schools of Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Indoor air pollution (IAP) affects the long-term health, cognitive growth, and academic performance of children. Since children spend most of their time at school, quantifying IAP in classrooms is an important parameter for air pollution. To assess the average particulate matter (PM) levels inside and outside of classrooms along with their associated factors and teacher's perceived indoor climate. Cross-sectional survey in nine government-run schools. PM2.5 and PM10 were measured inside the classroom and outdoors simultaneously during summers, using an Atmos monitor for two consecutive days, along with several school and classroom characteristics. Perception about indoor air quality was captured from teachers (n = 15) using a validated questionnaire. Mean values of PM using mixed effect linear regression. Perceived indoor air quality is presented using percentages. Mean indoor PM2.5 and PM10 was 52.5 µg/m3 and 65 µg/m3. Indoor and outdoor PM levels were highly correlated, but the indoor-outdoor ratio of PM concentrations was more than 1. Teachers were mostly bothered by dust, dirt, and noise in the schools. Indoor air quality was higher than World Health Organization (WHO) standards but within the national standards. Need further research to find the exact cause for higher indoor PM levels compared to outdoor PM levels.

Adventure Tourism in Bilaspur: A Framework for Assessment and Strategic Development

Abstract:- This research paper investigates the state of adventure tourism in Himachal Pradesh’s Bilaspur district, employing the NIRVANA framework for assessment and strategic development. The assessment and planning process within this framework aims to cultivate a state of perfect peace and happiness akin to "Nirvana'' by fostering sustainable development practices. Through a broad analysis of Bilaspur's adventure tourism potential, encompassing Natural Resources and Geography; Infrastructure, Accessibility, and Investment; Risk, Regulation, and Marketing; Visitor Experience Management; Community Engagement; Sustainability and Conservation; collaboration; and monitoring thereof. Utilizing a combination of destination survey, secondary research, data extraction from published sources, and primary data acquisition from authorities, practitioners, and subject experts of the region this study was analyzed within the specified framework. Findings indicate Bilaspur's rich natural landscapes and existing adventure infrastructure, such as paragliding sites and water sports complexes, position it as a promising adventure tourism destination. However, challenges in investment, risk management, market understanding, and marketing persist. Recommendations include enhancing infrastructure, diversifying investment sources, improving risk management practices, and implementing targeted marketing strategies. The study contributes to the understanding of adventure tourism development, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that respects natural and cultural heritage while promoting sustainable and innovative practices.

Physico-mechanical Properties Estimation of Upper Siwalik Sandstone using Field (MASW) and Laboratory Test, Himachal Himalaya, India

Abstract A study on the Upper Siwalik Sandstone was conducted to determine and compare the relationship between shear wave velocity and the petro-physical and petro-mechanical characteristics of the sandstone. Two localities in the Himachal Himalaya’s Bilaspur district were sampled for collection of sandstone of Upper Siwalik. The method of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) was used to obtain average shear wave velocity at 30m depth (Vs30) in the field. The shear modulus of rocks is intimately correlated with the Vs30 parameter. The Vs30 value is 185 m/s for the Majher Khad (sandstone A) region and 366 m/s for the Dharot region (sandstone B). Based on obtained Vs30 values these two regions are classified under class D and class C respectively by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP). Both the rocks belong to Upper Siwalik Sandstone, but diversity in Vs30 and shear modulus values can be ascribed to the composition of minerals, the size of the grains, and the cementing substances present in the rock.

An Economic Analysis of Production of Cowpea in Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh, India

The research entitled “An Economic Analysis of Production of Cowpea in Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh, India” was done with the specific objectives to work out the cost and returns of cowpea in the study area, The survey for specified objective was conducted in Takhatpur and Bilha blocks of Bilapur district of Chhattisgarh. Data were collected from 75 cowpea growers from the 10 villages (5 villages from each block). Data related to marketing was collected from 5 village traders, 6 wholesalers and 8 retailers. The primary data were collected from the cowpea growers through personal interview method with the help of well-prepared questionnaire for the production and marketing in the year 2022-23. The collected data were analysed by using average, mean, percentage and other tools to present in tabular form and for cost and cost concept were used. The study reveal that the overall cost of cultivation per hectare of cowpea wascalculatedRs.1,00,057.00. The cost of cultivation per hectare showed rising trend with the rise in farm size. The overall input-output ratio of cowpea was found to be 1:1.6on the sample farms.

Colonization pattern of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in invasive plant species of tropical dry deciduous forest of Belgahna range of Central India

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the key factor for the growth of plants in nature. In the present study, 10 common invasive plant species and one native dominant tree species Tectona grandis were selected to understand the colonization pattern of AMF in the roots. Rhizosphere soil and root samples of selected invasive plant species were taken from the Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Belgahna Range of Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh. The roots were observed under a microscope followed by clearing with KOH and staining with lactophenol cotton blue. In all invasive plant species and in T. grandis, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization was more than 85% (89.00 ± 1.70 to 97.70 ± 0.88). All three morphological types of AM colonization, i.e., Arum-type, Paris-type, and Intermediate-type were observed in all samples. The shape of vesicles ranged from irregular to rounded shape. Different intra-radical vesicles’ sizes and shapes suggested that different species of AM fungus had colonized roots. In most of the samples, vesicles were mostly irregular in shape, elliptical, oval, spherical, and rectangular, indicating the dominance of Acualospora spp. and Glomus spp. The present study, regarding the occurrence of AM fungi in 10 invasive plants and 1 native plant T. grandis will provide basic information on the diversity of AM colonization patterns, which may be utilized to understand the interaction between AMF and invasive plant’s roots. The similarity in colonization patterns in invasive and native species shows that AMF association may be one of the reasons for the existence and proliferation in the Tropical Forest of the Central region.

Quantitative Assessment of Macrophytes Diversity and their Status in Wetlands of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh (India)

The most significant and taxonomically varied biotic element in every aquatic environment is aquatic macrophytes. They play a vital role in maintaining the ecosystem's structure and functionality. Additionally serving as bioindicators of the general health of a water body are macrophyte kinds, variety, density, and depth. In present study, the quantitative diversity of aquatic macrophytes was assessed from different wetlands of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya which is a central university and holds four important water bodies in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state, India. A total of 33 aquatic macrophytes species were identified belonging to 21 families from wetlands of Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya. These macrophytes were grouped as floating, submerged and emergent mainly dominated by emergent macrophyte species followed by floating and submerged i.e., 23, 8 and 2 species respectively. The highest species diversity was observed in Pond 1 and 4 with 26 species each and highest species richness was observed in Pond 4 with 158 individual counts, the highest IVI was achieved by emergent Ipomoea carnea (16.492) and the highest occurring family was found to be Cyperaceae (12.12% of total species). Other diversity indices were calculated as 3.451, 0.042, 33 and 0.946 for Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), Simpson's Index (D), Species Richness (R), and Evenness (E) respectively. However, for the conservation and sustainable utilization of aquatic ecosystems, it is necessary to understand the status and importance of macrophytes to the ecosystem and its functioning.

Tribal Development through Formal Education among Agarias of Chhattisgarh

Education is a powerful means of development in any community. Various formal and nonformal forms of education exist in different societies. Education has been institutionalized in the form of formal education in the schools and higher educational institutions in the remote and tribal areas gradually with the changing educational policies and programmes in the independent India with the advent of developing educational infrastructure and awareness in the remote areas. This resulted in the gradual increase in the percentage of literacy rate. But, perhaps few groups could not come up effectively in full pace along with their cohabits and become part of this developing change in their villages and surroundings, due to their situational demerits. Agaria tribe is one of such groups residing in the adjacent part of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. A survey of Agaria tribe in done utilizing the scientific research methods in the few pockets of this area ranging from Dindori district in Madhya Pradesh to Kawardh and Bilaspur districts in Chhattisgarh. This paper includes the situational analysis of socio-economic and educational status of the Agaria people residing in the districts of Chhattisgarh.

Assessment of Malcofaunal diversity of Bilaspur district, Chatishgarh from the collection of National Zoological Collection of, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

Assessment of Malcofaunal diversity of Bilaspur district, Chatishgarh from the collection of National Zoological Collection of, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

Comparative Study of Physico- chemical Parameters of Ground water of Residential and Industrial area of Sirgitti in Bilaspur District

Water is available in abundance on the earth. It is one of the main reasons which make life possible on our planet. The quality strength and type of sewage depends upon the human population, industrialization, deforestation and life style of people. Analytical explorations of some selected physico- chemical parameter have been made on the ground water bodies of Sirgitti industrial area. In the present comparative study for physico-chemical analysis water samples were collected from to different locations the residential and industrial area of Sirgitti in Bilaspur district. The laboratory test of the collected water samples were performed for analysis of some selected physico-chemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, DO, COD, Total hardness, Fluoride, chloride etc. The methods employed for the analysis as per standard methods recommended by APHA and WHO standard of drinking water. The obtained values are compared with the standard limit. The results of this study reveals that in the industrial area of the physico-chemical parameters higher in the maximum permissible limit of WHO with variations in some parameters. Both the sampling stations groundwater unsuitable for domestic, irrigation and drinking purposes but the industrial area of BEC fertilizers groundwater is more polluted than the Adarsh nagar residential area of Sirgitti. So it is essential that the quality of ground water should be regular checked and also needs treatment before direct use.

A Comprehensive Economic Analysis of Aloe Vera Crop Cultivation in Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh, India

A Comprehensive Economic Analysis of Aloe Vera Crop Cultivation in Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh, India

Economic Aspects of Production and Constraints of Lemon Grass in Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh, India

Economic Aspects of Production and Constraints of Lemon Grass in Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh, India

Comparative study of social skills among teenagers from nuclear and joint families of Bilaspur district

Man is a social animal. He remains in the midst of society from birth till death, and man remains happy only as long as he finds another group similar to his interests, preferences and inclinations. The name of this mobility is adjustment. When a person does not appear happy in his society or in his group, it is a maladjustment of the behavior of that person or child. The present age is called the mechanical age. Being the mechanical age, human life has been affected as much as human education system has also been affected. In the present situation, there is a need to develop social skills so that a person can develop his personality organically. The presented research has been done to understand the difference in social skills of teenagers from nuclear and joint families of Bilaspur, in which five factors of social skills have been studied and analyzed through the established scale. Research has found that teenagers from joint families have more social skills than teenagers from nuclear families and this is helpful in their development.
 Abstract in Hindi Language:
 मनुष्य एक सामाजिक प्राणी है। वह जन्म से लेकर मृत्यु तक समाज के बीच में ही रहता है, और मानव तभी तक प्रसन्न रहता है, जब तक उसकी रूचि, पसंद और अभीवृत्तियों के समान दूसरा कोई समूह मिल जाता है। इसी गतिशीलता का नाम समायोजन है। जब कोई मनुष्य अपने समाज में या अपने समूह में प्रसन्न दिखाई नहीं देता है, तो यह उस व्यक्ति के या बालक के व्यवहार का कुसमायोजन है। वर्तमान युग मशीनी युग कहलाता है मशीनी युग होने के कारण कितना मानव के जीवन पर प्रभाव पड़ा है उतना ही मानव की शिक्षा प्रणाली पर भी प्रभाव पड़ा है। वर्तमान स्थिति में सामाजिक कौशल का विकास करने की आवश्यकता है जिससे व्यक्ति अपने व्यक्तित्व का संगठित रूप से विकास कर सके। प्रस्तुत शोध बिलासपुर के एकल एवं संयुक्त परिवार के किशोरों के सामाजिक कौशल में अंतर को समझने के लिए किया गया है जिसमें स्थापित मापनी के द्वारा सामाजिक कौशल के पांच कारकों का अध्ययन कर विश्लेषण किया गया है। शोध में पाया गया कि संयुक्त परिवार के किशोर में एकल परिवार के किशोर की तुलना में सामाजिक कौशल अधिक होता है और यह उसके विकास में सहायक होता है।
 Keywords: किशोरावस्था, सामाजिक कौशल, एकल परिवारं संयुक्त परिवार

Access to health care among internal migrants in Chhattisgarh, India: critical perspectives on the question of health equity and urban development

PurposeMigrants face some unique health-care challenges, which often remain unaddressed by the health system. The purpose of this study is to determine health-care access among migrants in Chhattisgarh, from a lens of health equity.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted in a government-built tenement under the Integrated Housing and Slum Development program in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state of India. It is a mixed-methods study which used a survey method, focus group discussion, in depth-interviews, semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations of health facilities in the area. Respondents included residents (migrants) and other local stakeholders like the Chief Medical Officer of the district, elected representatives of the local government and frontline health workers. This paper focuses on the findings from the qualitative component of the study.FindingsThe move to resettle the people living in the slums to the periphery of the city had a negative impact on their health-care access. They find it difficult to access public health services, given the services are concentrated in the city. Women, elderly people and disabled people grapple with additional challenges in being able to access basic reproductive health services and care for chronic illnesses. Equity in health-care access is linked to various social determinants of health including access to housing and social security. However, the authors found that the migrant community is being deprived of appropriate housing facilities and social security.Originality/valueThis paper explores the health-care access of internal migrants in Chhattisgarh state of India in the larger context of urban development with a focus on health equity.