Bignoniaceae Research Articles

Fernandoa Adenophylla: A review of its Phytochemistry, Traditional and Pharmacology use and Future Aspects

Fernandoa adenophylla (Heterophragma adenophyllum), commonly known as Dhopa- phali, Ziron, Mostan-phul, Lotum-poh and Karen wood of family Bignoniaceae, has been used traditionally for snakebite (Morigaon district of Assam, India), hemorrhoids and constipation (Chakma tribe, Bangladesh) and skin disorder (Thai traditional medicine). This review covers pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and pharmacological as well as the traditional aspects of the plant and enlightens possible pharmacological activities Received: that can be assessed in the future. Fernandoa adenophylla has been reported to constitute potent phytochemicals like novel napthaquinones, their derivatives (dilapachone, adenophyllone, peshwaraquinone, lapachol, and indadone) and triterpenoids (β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid) which have potential pharmacological activities that have been assessed and reported. The Crude extract of Fernandoa adenophylla has already been tested for pharmacological properties like antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-TB, and antihypertensive and leishmanicidal activities. Since not many researches have been carried out on Fernandoa adenophylla, it paves way for researchers to explore its potential in the field of medicinal plants.

Combining molecular and geographical data to infer the phylogeny of Lamiales and its dispersal patterns in and out of the tropics

Lamiales is one of the most intractable orders of flowering plants, with several changes in family composition, and circumscription throughout history. The order is worldwide distributed, occurring in tropical forests and frozen habitats. In this study, a comprehensive phylogeny of Lamiales was reconstructed using DNA sequences. The tree was used to infer dispersal patterns, focusing on the tropics and extratropics. Molecular and species geographic data available from public repositories were combined to address both objectives. A total of 6,910 species, and 842 genera of Lamiales were sampled using the Python tool PyPHLAWD. The tree was inferred using RAxML, and recovered a monophyletic Lamiales. All 26 families were recovered as monophyletic with high support. The families Bignoniaceae, and Plantaginaceae are remarkable examples. The first emerged as monophyletic and included tribe Jacarandeae, while the later emerged as monophyletic in its sensu lato and included both the tribes Angelonieae, and Gratioleae. Distribution points for all species were retrieved from GBIF. After filtering, 1,136,425 records were retained. Species were coded as present in extratropical or tropical environments. The in and out of the tropics dispersal patterns were inferred using a maximum likelihood approach that identifies hidden rate changes. The model recovered higher rates of transition from extratropics to tropics, estimating two rates of state transitions. When ancestral states are considered, more discrete transitions from extratropics to tropics were observed. The extratropical state was also inferred for the crown node of Lamiales and old nested nodes, revealing a rare pattern of transitions to the tropics throughout the upper Cretaceous and Tertiary. A significant phylogenetic signal was recovered for the in and out of the tropics dispersal patterns, showing that state transitions are not frequent enough to erase the effect of tree structure on the data.

Anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing properties of the Tabebuia genus: A review

The Tabebuia genus is one of the largest genera of the Bignoniaceae family, comprising more than 100 species. One of its main representatives is the ipê tree, which is popularly known for their ornamental and logging potential. However, parts of the tree, such as the stem, leaves and flowers, are used in traditional medicine for anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory (rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis and pharyngitis), anti-ulcerogenic, antiviral, antineoplastic, antimalarial and immunomodulatory purposes. The objective of the present study was to collate articles on the cicatrizing and therapeutic properties of species belonging to the Tabebuia spp genus.

Evaluation of antioxidant activity and toxicity in Artemia salina of the ether extract and fractions from Tecoma stans seeds

Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. Ex Kunth is a species belonging to the Bignoniaceae family, popularly known as yellowing, yellow bell, and garden little ipe. Studies with T. stans seeds are scarce and it have potential in the search for natural compounds with biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and antioxidant activity of the ether extract (EE) and fractions from T. stans seeds. The EE was obtained in Soxhlet apparatus with petroleum ether and fractions were obtained by hydrolysis and esterification reactions. Phytochemical screening evaluated the presence of steroids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, coumarins and anthraquinones in EE. The toxicity was evaluated by the A. salina lethality test and antioxidant activity by DPPH method. It was observed the presence of steroids, triterpenoids and alkaloids in EE, which had no toxicity to A. salina (LC50 > 1000 µg/mL). The fractions of seeds exhibited toxicity on A. salina. All samples showed antioxidant activity with EC50 between 0.9 and 1.1 µg/mL. These results indicated potential applications for T. stans seeds.

Floral biology and breeding system of endangered species: Parmentiera cereifera Seem. (Bignoniaceae)

Parmentiera cereifera Seem. is an endangered species in the family Bignoniaceae. Related to the conservation effort, information about the reproductive biology of this species is very limited. Based on that, the objectives of this study were to provide knowledge about the reproductive properties such as floral biology and breeding system of P. cereifera. The research was conducted at Purwodadi Botanic Garden, from October 2019 to February 2021. Several important aspects of reproductive biology, including flower biology, pollen viability and stigma receptivity, pollen morphology and breeding system were investigated. The viability was tested with TTC (2, 3, 5–triphenly tetrazolium chloride) and stigma reseptivity was tested with hydrogen peroxide. The breeding system was determined based on outcrossing index (OCI) using Cruden's method. The results showed that P. cereifera flower was monoecious, had morphological character that supported nocturnal pollination. Stigma and anthers spatially separated, but there was no temporal separation of stigma receptivity and anther dehiscence. Based on the flower biology, the pollen ornamentation (reticulate type), and the Out-Crossing Index (OCI=4), the breeding system was outcrossing but partially self-compatible, required pollinators (zoophily)

Metabolic profiling of cytotoxic metabolites from five Tabebuia species supported by molecular correlation analysis

Tabebuia is the largest genus among the family Bignoniaceae. Tabebuia species are known for their high ornamental and curative value. Here, the cytotoxic potential of extracts from the leaves and stems of five Tabebuia species was analyzed. The highest activity was observed for T. rosea (Bertol.) DC. stem extract against HepG2 cell line (IC50 4.7 µg/mL), T. pallida L. stem extract against MCF-7 cell line (IC50 6.3 µg/mL), and T. pulcherrima stem extract against CACO2 cell line (IC50 2.6 µg/mL). Metabolic profiling of the ten extracts using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry for dereplication purposes led to annotation of forty compounds belonging to different chemical classes. Among the annotated compounds, irridoids represent the major class. Principle component analysis (PCA) was applied to test the similarity and variability among the tested species and the score plot showed similar chemical profiling between the leaves and stems of both T. pulcherrima and T. pallida L. and unique chemical profiling among T. rosea (Bertol.) DC., T. argentea Britton, and T. guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl. leaf extracts and the stem extract of T. rosea (Bertol.) DC. Additionally, a molecular correlation analysis was used to annotate the bioactive cytotoxic metabolites in the extracts and correlate between their chemical and biological profiles.

Размножение, агротехника и охрана Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don (Jacaranda Juss.) в условиях Апшерона

In research work have been extensively studied morphological aspects of seedlings on a scientific basis, propogation by seeds and cutting methods on the Absheron Peninsula species of Jacaranda mimosifolia belonging to the genus of Jacaranda Juss. of the family Bignoniaceae. The research analyzed the sowing period of seeds, soil characteristics, sowing depth, initial germination period, morphological features, agrotechnics, disease and pest control measures. Studies have shown that Jacaranda mimosifolia has the ability to adapt to open and greenhouse conditions in Absheron — In the autumn began to appear the first seedlings in the first decade of October from the seeds sown in the second decade of September in a greenhouse condition, were obtained 4.6% of seedlings at the end of the growing season. In the spring began to appear the first seedlings in the third decade of April from the seeds sown in the first decade of April, were obtained 5.2% of seedlings at the end of the growing season. In the second decade of May, 20–30 cm tall plants were transplanted to open fields. At the end of the growing season the length of the compound leaves of annual plants reached 14×15 cm. Plant height reached 1.2 m in height, 1.2–1.5 mm in diameter, stalks reached 16 cm in length, 0.2 cm in width. There are 20 leaf-stalks on 1 leaf. Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 22–24 °C from April to the second decade of October had a positive effect on plant productivity. As a result of the research, it was found that in Absheron conditions the plant shed their leaves in the greenhouse at a temperature below 14 °C. As a result of the research, it was found that Jacaranda mimosifolia has the ability to adapt to open and greenhouse conditions in Absheron, it is profitable to use such an ornamental plant in the construction of parks and gardens, in decoration of offices and interiors.

Solid dispersion of β-lapachone in PVP K30 and PEG 6000 by spray drying technique

Beta-lapachone (βlap) is a naphthoquinone derived from Lapachol, a substance extracted from the Bignoniaceae family of trees, genus Tabebuia; found in the Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil. βlap shows excellent pharmacological activity as an antiparasitic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory drug, but its water solubility is low, which decreases its bioavailability. This work aims to evaluate the solubility and dissolution rate of βlap from solid dispersions obtained by the Spray Drying technique and compare them with the physical mixture (PM) of compounds. βlap solid dispersions were prepared with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) at 1: 2 (w/w) ratio and characterized by thermal analysis [differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)], X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solubility tests, dissolution profile assays and analyzed by mathematical models to link to the system properties. βlap/PVP solid dispersion provided a 15-fold increase in dissolution rate compared to pristine βlap in the first 5 min. The release constants obtained from Korsmeyer–Peppas and Weibull models demonstrate that βlap is released more rapidly from the PVP system produced by Spray Drying than by PM. The thermal analysis suggests that the βlap was successfully encapsulated into spherical shape and uniform size distribution microparticles produced by SD/PVP, as shown by the SEM technique. In addition, it afforded about 9-fold higher solubility than the free βlap. The results of DSC and XRD showed a tendency of the βlap crystallinity to decrease. FTIR showed intermolecular interaction between drug and polymer molecules (PVP and PEG). Thus, the results suggest that βlap/PVP-based solid dispersions can be successfully applied in pharmaceutical formulations.

Stem Botanical Studies of Markhamia Platycalyx (Baker) Sprague

Family Bignoniaceae is one of the richest families in secondary metabolites. It includes many genera of high economic and medicinal values. One of the important plants of this family is Markhamia platycalyx (Baker) Sprague. Reviewing the available literature, nothing could be traced concerning the botanical features of M. platycalyx. This provoked the authors to carry out both macromorphology and micromorphology investigations of it. These various diagnostic characters could be helpful in authentication and identification of M. platycalyx stems.

Stem Botanical Studies of Parmentiera Cereifera Seem., Family Bignoniaceae, Cultivated in Egypt

Many families are rich in secondary metabolites and have high economic and therapeutic values such as Family Bignoniaceae. One of the important plants of this family is Parmentiera cereifera Seem. A thorough survey search indicated that P. cereifera was not studied the stem pharmacognostically. The current study investigates both macroscopical and microscopical features, which could be helpful in authentication of the plant stem. It is also supportive in the identification of powdered drug prior using in any herbal preparations.

Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Polyphenols in the Hydro-Ethanolic Extract of Trunk Bark and Its Fractions of Stereospermum kunthianium Cham (Bignoniaceae)

Background : Stereospermum kunthianum Cham., is a medicinal plant from the Bignoniaceae family, used in Ferlo (Senegal) against stomach aches, as a healing agent and aphrodisiac.Aims/Objective : The aim of this study was to contribute to the valorisation of the plant by carrying out a phytochemical screening followed by an assay of the polyphenols of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the bark and its fractions.Methods : Phytochemical screening was carried out by coloring and/or precipitation reactions. The total polyphenol and tannin contents were evaluated by the Folin-Denis method and the flavonoid content by a method using aluminium chloride (AlCl 3 ) and sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ).
 Results: The search for chemical compounds revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as gallic and catechic tannins, flavonoids, saponosides, alkaloids, sterols and polyterpenes. The total polyphenol contents of the samples ranged from 0.81 ± 0.02 to 13.52 ± 0.06 mg EAT / g. Those of tannins and flavonoids were between 0.03 ± 0.01 and 4.56 ± 0.02 mg EAT / g and between 1.13 ± 0.04 to 31.88 ± 0.19 mg ER / g respectively.Conclusion : These different metabolites would be responsible for the activities noticed for this plant.

Regeneration potential and development of propagation protocol for the threatened Himalayan herb Incarvillea emodi (Royle ex Lindl.) Chatterjee (Bignoniaceae)

Incarvillea emodi is the only herbaceous member of family Bignoniaceae which is endemic to the Western Himalaya. The species is highly habitat specific and its population is gradually declining from all the reported localities of its occurrence. Since it is having both medicinal and ornamental potential, therefore different propagation protocols have been experimented with for mass scale propagation and conservation of this species.

Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth: Sausage of Medicinal Properties

Nature had been serving humanity from ages by providing with the food and resources of our well-being. It was serving with medicines and herbs that are used to heal many disorders. There were numerous lead molecules that had been isolated from natural sources, especially plants. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth is a widely distributed plant in Africa. Savage tree or the cucumber plant is the common name of the plant. It belongs to the family Bignoniaceae. The plant is a native plant of Africa which is confined to the south, central and West African regions. Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed for the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and sapogenetic glycosides. The plant has been reported to contain flavonoids, aldehyde iridioids, coumarins like dihydroisocoumarin, naphthoquinones like pinnatal, isopnnatal, kigelinole and isokigelinole. It had been investigated and proven to possess various chemicals that treat inflammations, cancers, psoriasis, dysentery and bacterial infections.

Importance of catalpa groups in cultural city greening in the case of Uzbekistan

The catalpa tree is a member of the family Bignoniaceae, a species of catalpa. Representatives of this family consist of trees, shrubs, lianas and grasses, and are distinguished from other members of the family by their ornamental flowers and unusual leaves. There are regions with different climatic conditions, and in the soil and climatic conditions of the experimental cities of Tashkent and Nukus in Uzbekistan, it is important to select the composition of tree species resistant to various environmental factors. In the soil and climatic conditions of different regions of Uzbekistan, along with ornamental native plants, the widespread use of tree species introduced to our country will certainly bear fruit. The results of the study show that the use of Catalpa species in landscaping should take into account their bioecological properties. In Tashkent, the Catalpa speciosa Walder ex Engelm can be widely recommended for semi-shaded areas and in the soil-climatic conditions of Nukus for seedling breeding of Catalpa bignonioides Walt.

Review on garlic creeper-Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry (Bignoniaceae)

Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A. H. Gentry belonging to the family Bignoniaceae, commonly called as ‘Garlic vine’ and or ‘false garlic’. Is a native plant used by the Indigenous Indian tribes of the Amazon areas and has great ancestral value for the local communities and also part of the traditional medicine due to the presence of several constituents with important pharmacological properties. In folk medicine treatments M. alliacea is widely used for many diseases like cold, as an aid to fertility, commonly added to baths to treat feverish conditions, flu, body aches, cramps, fatigue, mosquito and snake repellent, epilepsy, uterine disorders, etc. Plant consist of includes diallyl disulphide, diallyl trisulphide, alliin, allicin, propyl allyl, divinyl sulfide, diallyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, daucosterol, beta-sitosterol, fucosterol, stigmasterol, iridoides and isothiocyanates, naphthoquinones, alkaloids, saponins, flavones. M. alliacea pharmacological activities are antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal, anti-plasmodial, etc. This review article compiled the ethnobotanical and phytopharmacological properties of M. alliacea.

Pyrostegia Genus: An Update Review of Phytochemical Compounds and Pharmacological Activities

The Pyrostegia genus of the Bignoniaceae family. This genus is consists of four species and indigenous to South America. The plants of this genus are being applied in traditional uses in Brazil. This review of the scientific work about Pyrostegia genus was highlighting and updating their traditional uses, phytochemical compounds, pharmacological activities, genotoxicity tests, and toxicity studies. The information was systematical with the scientific literature database, including Elsevier, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, and Springer. The literature survey showed various traditional uses of Pyrostegia genus, such as drugs to therapy diarrhea, coughing, vitiligo, jaundice, and respiratory system-related diseases, i.e., colds, coughs, and bronchitis. Phytochemical compounds from the Pyrostegia genus have shown the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, triterpenes, and sterols. The extract of Pyrostegia genus has a variety of pharmacology actions, i.e., antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, wound healing activities, antinociceptive, analgesic, vasorelaxant activities, antitumor, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, antitussive, anthelmintic, hyperpigmented, treatment of sickness behavior, estrogenic, antihypertensive, and immunomodulatory. Pyrostegia genus is considerably used in traditional medicines and has various pharmacological activities. However, most species of Pyrostegia genus must be further researched concerning its chemical constituents and pharmacological activities.

Cross genera transferability of microsatellite markers from other members of family Bignoniaceae to Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem

Transferability of SSR markers from related species/genera is a rapid and cost-effective method to enhance genomic database of genetically neglected crops. Monotypic genus Tecomella undulata, a pharmacologically important endangered timber tree, found in hyper arid regions is one such genetic resource limited species, wherein neither SSR identification nor cross transferability studies have been initiated. Transferability of 69 cross-genera SSR primers selected from other members of family bignoniaceae (Incarvillea sinensis, I. mairei, Jacaranda copaia, Tabebuia aurea and Arrabidaea chica) showed 40.58% (28 primers) transferability amplifying 1–10 amplicons ranging in the size from 80to 600 bp in 24 accessions of T. undulata. Per cent marker transferability varied from 66.67% (A. chica) to 38.89% (J. copaia) among the genera tested while no transferable markers could be identified from I. sinensis. Transferability of simple di-/tri-nucleotide repeat (34.2–37.5%) and complex nucleotide sequence (60.0%) based SSR motifs were higher as compared to penta-/hexa-nucleotide based repeat motifs. Within the 28 transferable markers, 26 (92.86%) were polymorphic while 2 (7.14%) were monomorphic. Average number of alleles per primer was 5.39 while average polymorphic alleles per locus were 5.11. The PIC values of SSR markers ranged from 0.23 to 0.85 with an average of 0.59. Efficiency of the identified cross species SSR markers was tested for diversity analysis using a set of 24 trees (8 each of yellow, orange and red flower colour morphotypes). The 24 samples clustered into six groups with similarity coefficient ranging from 0.29 to 0.67, while six accessions formed distinct out groups. Distribution of accessions in the SSR dendrogram showed no correlation with flower colour. More diversity (99%) was observed within populations compared to that existing between populations (1%). The present study can enrich the genomic background of T. undulata by identifying suitable polymorphic markers from confamiliar species that can be applied for genetic diversity studies, mapping of QTLs and cultivar identification as well.

Valuation of Newbouldia laevis and its endogenous conservation in Benin (West Africa)

The conservation of genetic resources has become a critical task for humanity as it has been realized that these resources are shrinking drastically. This problem is applicable, especially within the Bignoniaceae family, specifically Newbouldia laevis, a medicinal and socio-culturally important plant in Benin Africa. Due to its widespread application in traditional medicine in Benin, it has become a form of primary health care for the general populace, therefore making it necessary for scientific research. For this reason, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the lower Oueme valley in Benin (West Africa), where people use this plant to cure various diseases, and also for clinical and spiritual purposes. Data acquired by interviewing 785 respondents made up of local healers, herbalists and patients showed that the aerial parts of the plant are the most commonly used, while other parts are rarely used. The most frequently used method of administering the medicinal plant after pharmacological preparation was found to be the oral method. The results also revealed that N. laevis was used for treatment of various ailments and has played an important role in the daily lives of people living in the lower Oueme valley in Benin.

The complete chloroplast genome of Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Engelmann (Bignoniaceae)

Catalpa speciosa (Warder) Engelm. is a precious Catalpa tree widely used as a large ornamental shade tree. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome was assembled from Illumina sequencing data. The completed plastome was 158,239 bp in length, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,036 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 12,639 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 30,282 bp. The overall GC content of the genome was 38.09%, and the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC and IR regions were 36.44%, 33.57%, and 41.35%, respectively. A total of 129 genes were annotated, including 83 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on complete plastome sequences of C. speciose and 11 other species from Bignoniaceae family. The newly characterized complete chloroplast genome will provide essential data for further studies of C. speciosa.

Structure of long-tubed white corollas: A case study from the trumpet-creeper family (Bignoniaceae)

Hawkmoth-pollinated plant species with white, long-tubed flowers have attracted the attention of scientists for a long time. However, most studies on these flowers have investigated their pollination biology, with only a few focusing on their anatomy. In this study, we conducted a detailed structural analysis of the long-tubed white flowers of Tanaecium jaroba Sw., a species from the “trumpet-creeper” family (Bignoniaceae). An in-depth understanding of the morphology of this flower type is critical for an accurate interpretation of the evolution of this structure. We found that the long floral tube develops as a result of intercalary growth; no increment of number in the flower whorls were observed. We documented osmophores on the apices of the corolla tube for the first time for the family Bignoniaceae. In addition, studies on the vasculature showed a secondary division of the ovary into two locules due to the inward growth and merging of the parietal placentae, forming a placental lamella. Our study highlights the importance of detailed morphological and anatomical studies at lower taxonomic levels, establishing the basis for future studies on the evolution of flower morphology in Bignonieae, and the Bignoniaceae as a whole.