Abstract
Tabebuia is the largest genus among the family Bignoniaceae. Tabebuia species are known for their high ornamental and curative value. Here, the cytotoxic potential of extracts from the leaves and stems of five Tabebuia species was analyzed. The highest activity was observed for T. rosea (Bertol.) DC. stem extract against HepG2 cell line (IC50 4.7 µg/mL), T. pallida L. stem extract against MCF-7 cell line (IC50 6.3 µg/mL), and T. pulcherrima stem extract against CACO2 cell line (IC50 2.6 µg/mL). Metabolic profiling of the ten extracts using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry for dereplication purposes led to annotation of forty compounds belonging to different chemical classes. Among the annotated compounds, irridoids represent the major class. Principle component analysis (PCA) was applied to test the similarity and variability among the tested species and the score plot showed similar chemical profiling between the leaves and stems of both T. pulcherrima and T. pallida L. and unique chemical profiling among T. rosea (Bertol.) DC., T. argentea Britton, and T. guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl. leaf extracts and the stem extract of T. rosea (Bertol.) DC. Additionally, a molecular correlation analysis was used to annotate the bioactive cytotoxic metabolites in the extracts and correlate between their chemical and biological profiles.
Highlights
Tabebuia is the largest genus among the family Bignoniaceae
It was found that the traditional use of Tabebuia species for treating cancer began in Brazil in the 1960s and led to increased sales of the bark and wood of the trunk of T. impetiginosa
The in vitro antitumor potential of the total alkaloid extract of T. rosea (Bertol.) DC. leaves was evaluated in human leukemic cells (MOLT-4)[16] and the anticancer properties of T. pallida L. leaves were evaluated in Ehrlich ascites c arcinoma[17]
Summary
Tabebuia is the largest genus among the family Bignoniaceae. Tabebuia species are known for their high ornamental and curative value. Principle component analysis (PCA) was applied to test the similarity and variability among the tested species and the score plot showed similar chemical profiling between the leaves and stems of both T. pulcherrima and T. pallida L. and unique chemical profiling among T. rosea (Bertol.) DC., T. argentea Britton, and T. guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl. About 60% of drugs used nowadays to treat cancer were isolated from natural products, and more than 3000 plants have been reported to have anticancer activity[10]. Dereplication process, perform a rapid annotation of known secondary metabolites and their quantification in crude extracts using database searching, to screen samples, which saves time and reduces redundancy during natural product discovery programs[12]. Metabolic profiling is applied to annotate and biotechnologically optimize the production of pharmacologically active secondary m etabolites[13], using multivariate data analysis like Principle component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality of the data and highlights trends, groups or clusters[14] along with molecular correlation analysis to pinpoint the putatively active components
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