Biggest Fear Research Articles

The controversies of genetically modified food

The increasing use of genetically modified (GM) foods and feeds attracts the interest of media and public, causing great concern among consumers about the consequences of their consumption. The issues of concern are mainly focused on the impact on consumer health and the repercussions on the environment. The biggest fears are the possible negative consequences on human and animal health, which encompass allergic reactions, side effects such as toxicity, damage to individual organs, gene transfer and differences in nutritional value. Consumers are unsure and confused as to whether consuming GM foods is harmful to their health or not. According to a Pew Research Center survey conducted between October 2019 and March 2020, 48% of respondents said GM foods are harmful, 13% responded GM foods are safe, while 37% of respondents could not express their opinion due to lack of knowledge about it. Numerous studies have been undertaken to examine the effects that GM foods and feeds exert on humans and animals. The results differ in many ways that issue numerous questions. In this paper, we will try addressing questions that concern the public, as well as the activities and measures that science and competent institutions are taking to confront them.

Before the 2020 Pandemic: an observational study exploring public knowledge, attitudes, plans, and preferences towards death and end of life care in Wales

BackgroundUnderstanding public attitudes towards death and dying is important to inform public policies around End of Life Care (EoLC). We studied the public attitudes towards death and dying in Wales.MethodsAn online survey was conducted in 2018. Social media and the HealthWiseWales platform were used to recruit participants. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.Results2,210 people participated. Loss of independence (84%), manner of death, and leaving their beloved behind were the biggest fears around death and dying. In terms of EoLC, participants sought timely access to care (84%) and being surrounded by loved ones (62%). Being at home was less of a priority (24%). Only 50% were familiar with Advance Care Planning (ACP). A lack of standard procedures as well as of support for the execution of plans and the ability to revisit those plans hindered uptake. The taboo around death conversations, the lack of opportunities and skills to initiate discussion, and personal fear and discomfort inhibited talking about death and dying. 72% felt that we do not talk enough about death and dying and advocated normalising talking by demystifying death with a positive approach.Health professionals could initiate and support this conversation, but this depended on communication skills and manageable workload pressure. Participants encouraged a public health approach and endorsed the use of: a) social media and other public platforms, b) formal education, c) formal and legal actions, and d) signposting and access to information.ConclusionsPeople are ready to talk about death and dying and COVID-19 has increased awareness. A combination of top-down and bottom-up initiatives across levels and settings can increase awareness, knowledge, and service-utilisation-drivers to support health professionals and people towards shared decisions which align with people’s end of life wishes and preferences.

Development and use of the Early Attachment Observation tool for infant mental health

The Early Attachment Observation (EAO) is a simple assessment tool that has been developed by the Leeds Infant Mental Health service in collaboration with Leeds Health Visiting Service for use by health visitors to identify emerging attachment difficulties. The EAO is delivered as part of the universal offer at the routine 6–8-week health visitor contact. The EAO protocol requires the health visitor to ask the primary caregiver three questions about the emerging relationship between themselves and their infant: Describe your relationship with your baby in three words; What is the best thing about your relationship with your baby?; and What is your biggest fear about your relationship with your baby? The health visitor completes a 2-minute observation of the interactions between the infant and parent. The purpose of the EAO is to screen for emerging attachment difficulties, in line with the WAVE report Conception to Age 2: The Age of Opportunity. The EAO is now a crucial element of the Leeds Early Start infant mental health pathway. The purpose of this article is to outline the development, pilot, implementation and evaluation of the use of the EAO in Leeds.

Fear of Being Fired for Malpractice and Failing Up.

Malpractice is one of the biggest fears that physicians have. Such an allegation has serious ramifications for radiologists. In this article, I discuss a rare but important example of how a lawsuit against a radiologist led to failing up and an unexpected outcome.

BATHE Metodunun Preoperatif Anksiyete, Hasta Memnuniyeti ve Bireysel Anestezi Endişeleri Üzerine Etkisi: Randomize, Plasebo-Kontrollü Klinik Çalışma

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the causes of concern among the patients who will undergo elective surgical operations and receive general anesthesia, to gauge their preoperative anxiety levels and to study the effects of the BATHE method on preoperative anxiety and patient satisfaction. Material and Methods: Five hundred adult patients who were planned to undergo elective surgery with general anesthesia were included in the study. Before the preoperative examination, demographic data of all patients, their three biggest fears about anesthesia and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) scores were recorded. Then, the patients were divided into two groups with a closed envelope randomization method with 250 patients in each. The patients underwent BATHE anamnesis or standard anamnesis methods according to their groups, then their APAIS and patient satisfaction scores were recorded. Results: The most feared cause of anesthesia in all patients was 'not waking up after surgery'. The APAIS anxiety score was found to be higher in women, young people, married people with children, people with no prior anesthesia experience and people with a higher degree of education. Anxiety values were found to be higher in gynaecology patients and obstetrics. The difference between APAIS scores before and after the examination was higher in the group using the BATHE method during the preoperative visit compared to the standard anamnesis group. The patient satisfaction score of the patients in the BATHE group was higher than the standard anamnesis group. Conclusion: We concluded that the inclusion of BATHE interview technique in preoperative examination may reduce preoperative anxiety.

Adversarial Reconstruction Loss for Domain Generalization

The biggest fear when deploying machine learning models to the real world is their ability to handle the new data. This problem is significant especially in medicine, where models trained on rich high-quality data extracted from large hospitals do not scale to small regional hospitals. One of the clinical challenges addressed in this work is magnetic resonance image generalization for improved visualization and diagnosis of hip abnormalities such as femoroacetabular impingement and dysplasia. Domain Generalization (DG) is a field in machine learning that tries to solve the model's dependency on the training data by leveraging many related but different data sources. We present a new method for DG that is both efficient and fast, unlike the most current state of art methods, which add a substantial computational burden making it hard to fine-tune. Our model trains an autoencoder setting on top of the classifier, but the encoder is trained on the adversarial reconstruction loss forcing it to forget style information while extracting features useful for classification. Our approach aims to force the encoder to generate domain-invariant representations that are still category informative by pushing it in both directions. Our method has proven universal and was validated on four different benchmarks for domain generalization, outperforming state of the art on RMNIST, VLCS and IXMAS with a 0.70% increase in accuracy and providing comparable results on PACS with a 0.02% difference. Our method was also evaluated for unsupervised domain adaptation and has shown to be quite an effective method against over-fitting.

Salvation Expectations of Patients of Medicine, Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Religion

Health and holistic quality of life, physical and emotional needs, somatic and spiritual aspects contain a comprehensive promise of healing. The aim of the current study is to measure the expectations of patients of medicine, alternative medicine and religion related to health and illness. The survey was carried out among 103 patients of a rural general practitioner from May to June 2013 and among 103 patients of the outpatient department for endocrinology and metabolic disease of the Jena University Hospital in 2013. All patients were asked by one interviewer (HM) on fears in relation to health/illness and expectations of help for its own life, medicine, alternative medicine and religion. The biggest fear of patients is “being in need of help of others.” There is no significant difference between religious and non-religious patients. Overall, the expectations of medicine were significantly higher in all sectors than in alternative medicine or religion. Comparing alternative medicine and religion, the expectations of alternative medicine were significantly higher excluding consolation and inner peace. The expectations for medicine in general and for the physician are very high and comprehensive and go beyond diagnosis and realization of therapies. Patients expect hope, guidance, support, comfort, inner peace and advice most from medicine. This results in considerable challenges for the physician, especially in a healthcare system with limited resources and without suitable offers. There is an urgent need to integrate these requirements into daily routine.

Implementation of psychosocial support project in a pediatric oncology camping program.

e22534 Background: The oncological treatment can generate psychosocial distress for patients and their families. The Beaba Camping aims to educate and empower patients and caregivers through Technology Information and Gamification. In August 2019, in the third edition of the project, a pilot of Psychosocial Support Program was implemented to provide an integrative care to 71 children and adolescents under cancer treatment and 68 caregivers. Methods: Five psychologists, specialized in paediatric psycho oncology and palliative care, were selected to structure the Psychosocial Support Program and conduct interventions during three days of the camping. Based on evidences and experiences, the psychologists divided the interventions in: 1. Individually - children and adolescents. 2. Group - caregivers: 2.1. Belonging: identification and recognition of peers. Identification of psychological distress and similar fears; 2.2. Psychological Group Intervention: creation of groups to facilitate the intervention and bonding; 2.3. Feeling of the Day: expression of which emotion was the most prevalent each day of camping; 2.4. A Word of Support: exchange supportive statements among the peers. Results: 20 children/adolescents and 19 caregivers were attended individually, with demands variating from: Anxiety and sadness; Fear of future and prognosis; Social isolation and adaptation. 68 adults participated in groups that brought discussions involving: Biggest fears and difficult moments of the treatment; Relationship with their children and adolescents; Coping strategies and spirituality. Conclusions: The Psychosocial Support is an important and essential part of the cancer treatment. The Camping with Psychosocial Support Program may enable the demystification of the role of the psychologist, the link between professionals and patients and their caregivers, the binding among peers and the education about how the psychosocial support can be helpful to everyone involved in the treatment. For future improvements, more psychologists will participate in order to attend a larger number of participants and to perform more group interventions, including with children and adolescents.

Impact of COVID19 on Tourism and Hotels of Ethiopia

As human starts to live in this world no one couldn’t face such type of challenging infection. The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was currently makes the world in big fear till today it have no vaccine the only way people can survive from this virus will be by following and practicing health professional advice. Due to this virus countries were forced to close their borders and restrict their people to stay at home. However some measures taken by countries were directly affect global economy especially tourism and hospitality were front line hit by this pandemic. As early estimation by UNWTO 2020 shows that in 2020 global international tourist arrivals might decline between 20% to 30%, down from an estimated growth of 3% to 4% forecast in early January 2020. This might translate into a loss of US$ 30 to 50 billion due to this travel restrictions. By seeing such catastrophe in the world and this sector was backbone for Ethiopia economy on earning foreign currency we need to assess impact of covid19 on tourism and hotels of Ethiopia and Finally this pandemic virus resulted in loss of countrys expenditure and high number of unemployment in the country. Keywords : Covid19, Hotels, Hospitality industry, Tourism DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/49-02 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

Особенности страхов у детей старшего дошкольного возраста из Мозамбика

The article explores fear in older preschool children living in Mozambique. The theoretical background and the path of the research are shaped by the works of A. I. Zakharov, A. G. Maklakov, A. S. Spivakovskaya, and others. They describe fear as an emotional state reflected in consciousness under the influence of real or imagined danger and accompanied by physiological changes in higher nervous activity. Particular focus is given to the works of L. S. Vygotsky and M. Mead whose studies are centered around socio-cultural factors. Central to our research is the phenomenon of childhood in Africa with the focus on education, lifestyle, culture and social environment. The research involved Mozambique’s older preschool children. The methodology of the study included the tool “Fears in the houses” (A. I. Zakharov, M. A. Panfilova) as well as an “Observation Map” and a specifically developed questionnaire for parents. The research showed that: All children have a low level of fear, with boys more susceptible to fear than girls; Girls tend to show non-verbal manifestations of fear, while boys tend to reveal fear verbally; Among the biggest fears are fears of animals, insects, and fairy-tale characters. Actual fears include the fear of causing physical damage, fear of dark and nightmares; All parents consider the topic of children’s fears relevant and are interested in it; the parents of boys give more complete answers, while the parents of girls give more unique answers. Thus, the formation and manifestation of fear in older preschool children in Mozambique is determined not only by age and individual characteristics but also by socio-cultural factors.

Naming pain: sense of suffering and sense of self in Girolamo Cardano

ABSTRACTHardly a few people manage to escape big fears without dying [of them]; not so with pains. This statement captures Cardano's understanding of the difference between mental and physical pain. As a physician with a lifelong history of anxiety and alienation, Cardano inquired ceaselessly into the nature of the delicate interaction between the two kinds of pain. It was his belief that the subtle nature of mental suffering makes it difficult, if not impossible, to identify, name, and give a meaning to those powerful emotions which cause our inner turmoil. Unable to be ‘named’ and ‘signified’, mental pain eludes understanding and thereby deprives the mind of its identity as a locus of sense. In the experience of physical pain, conversely, the mind can easily decode the signs in the body, keeping its mastery over sense-perception, the imagination, and desire. For this reason, Cardano believed, many people afflicted by sorrow and grief (including himself) find solace in physical pain, which in its purest form (i.e. not accompanied by emotions) is even able to enhance our cognitive potential.

‘My biggest fear was whether or not I would make friends’: working-class students’ reflections on their transition to university in Ireland

ABSTRACT Over the last few decades there has been increased recognition that the concept of ‘access’ encompasses not only entry to higher education (HE) but also participation and successful completion. Despite this, very little research has been carried out in Ireland on non-traditional students’ experience of university. This article explores the experiences of 16 students from lower socio-economic backgrounds at one Irish university, with particular reference to peer relationships and their sense of ‘belonging’. The research identified the challenges which these students faced in the first few months, including feelings of isolation and ‘class–cultural discontinuities’. For one student, from the Traveller community, the transition to university was particularly complex, leading to the ‘compartmentalisation’ of different elements of her life. The research also, however, highlights these students’ positive experiences of university life, which often centred on peer relationships and shared interests and aspirations. Overall, the research points to a diverse range of working-class experiences of university life, and the importance of targeted supports in actively encouraging friendship development in the early stages.

Debate Technique as Teacher's Strategies in Improving Student’s Higher Education English Speaking Skill

Speaking is not only used in public forum but also anytime and anywhere. Speaking also required proficiency in order to make communication clearly. The biggest fear of a student is when they have to speak in public, therefore the lecturer’s willingness to develop the speaking skill for students become very important, it accompanied by strategies that can make students become more courageous to speak in public. To improve the student’s proficiency, teacher needs different strategies based on the skill's differences, such as speaking skill, reading skill and writing skill. Thereby, the different skills required different strategies in order to achieve the different goals and the expected results. This article uses descriptive qualitative as the method in collecting the data. Descriptive qualitative method is used to make a systematic, factual and accurate description, description, or painting of the facts, properties and relationships among the phenomena investigated in terms of words instead of statistics. The result reveals that the excellent score obtained by the students in the vocabulary. The lowest score obtained by the students is in the content of the structure which is the hardest problem that often faced by the higher education students. Moreover, the utilization of this debate technique is effective in order to improve the higher student English speaking skill

Entrepreneurs in Consumer Electronics [Professional Development

This article is the first in a series of interviews with technology entrepreneurs who have crossed the chasm from academia to run successful businesses. What were their biggest fears, challenges, and victories? Is an academic mind set a help or a hindrance in the business world, and how well does it prepare entrepreneurs to deal with ambiguity? International tech entrepreneurs share their stories and what they have learned along the way, from inception of "the idea," raising funding from poker-faced investors, building a team and a company culture, and interacting with commitment-shy clients and commercial partners. Many academics and young engineers imagine that a new technology will be able to stand on its own merits in the business world; those who have made the journey often tell a different story. In this column, we feature an interview with the founders of IRYStec Software Inc., Tara Akhavan and Afsoon Soudi.

Gene therapy treats fatal skin condition

Michele De Luca at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy has used gene therapy to help a boy with the condition who was close to death. He and his team took a 4-centimetre-square patch of remaining skin and genetically altered the cells in a dish, correcting the mutation. They then grew the cells into sheets of skin, which were grafted onto the boy's body, covering around 80 per cent of him. Marcel Jonkman of University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands says the biggest fear with this kind of gene therapy is that it might trigger cancer in the future.

Presentation of an online programme for children refugees: pilot study in Greece

ABSTRACTBackground: The psychological trauma caused by war to children and adolescents is of great concern to specialists, especially in recent years. At the end of 2014, from almost 60 million forcibly displaced people all over the world, one third were refugees and half of them were minors (Turner, 2015). It is widely known that a great percentage of them suffer from mental problems (Vostanis, 2016). Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and severe anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders that occur in refugee minors. Few relevant and empirically documented surveys exist though. With regard to interventions, mainly we take advantage of our experience after other traumatic events such as natural disasters, sexual abuse, etc.Objective: There is a lack of preventive screening and psycho-educational interventions in Greece and that is why we adapted an online preventive manual ‘The child and the liberation from the shadow of the terrible big fear’, a self-help trauma picture book for parents and their children who fled from war and home (Stein et al., 2017), available in nine languages already (www.susannestein.de).Method: We tested the feasibility of using this preventive manual in a small sample of children/adolescents (N = 6) of Afghan origin in the summer of 2016 (refugee camp of Agios Andreas, Nea Makri). This programme covers a gap in primary prevention but also prepares the child for psychotherapy, if needed.This manual consists of four parts and one appendix:A. An illustrated story about a child who, due to war, is exposed to a terrible anxiety situation and is forced to leave with his parents for a ‘safe’ country, but the shadow of the great fear follows. In the end, it is relieved of this shadow by various means of support/assistance (pp. 4–29).B. A series of recommendations and psychoeducation for parents etc. (pp. 30–37). For example, ‘What this big fear can do to your child?’ or ‘What can make the child stronger?’C. Relevant themes for painting (pp. 38–43). For example ‘What can you do really well?’, ‘Who are the people you love?’ and ‘Can you paint a difficult situation from your past that you remember?’D. Information about the author and other relevant organizations (pp. 44–49).Appendix: Support material for the use of the book by people without trauma training (pp. 50–52).This material is addressing parents and children – 10–15 years old – who have experienced war and have been forced to leave their country of origin. Lately the material is also addressing those who are active in organizations and camps with refugee children (adult caregivers), but also specialists (psychologists, psychotherapists, psychiatrists, paediatricians, etc.) and teachers.Results: None of the children dropped out and, from the qualitative evaluation, we conclude that the parents seem to be able to become more engaged, the children respond positively and also psychological difficulties can be identified early on (from the six children of this pilot research, only three need further psychological support).Conclusions: It seems feasible to use this online preventive manual in Afghan refugees in Greece. Further research will need to determine its efficacy. Such programmes can only be effective in a safe environment where there will be no fear of repatriation and the basic needs are covered. The above experiences have led the researchers of this pilot study to create a trauma group at the Institute of Behavioural Research & Therapy in Greece in order to further address preventive interventions for refugees. The trauma team recently became a member of the NOW-Network (www.now-conference.org).

Tales: A Tool to Address Death With Children

Children are curious about death, but it is also one of their biggest fears and a primary cause of sadness. Several authors argue that tales are an appropriate tool for addressing concepts of death. This article summarizes and evaluates 23 tales dealing with death in terms of their usefulness in helping 3- to 9-year-old children understand and cope with the concept of death. On a Likert scale of 1 to 10 points, the 23 tales received an average score of 6.62 points (SD, 0.72) points (range, 5.32–7.53 points). There was no significant correlation between the average score and selection frequency (r Spearman = −0.26; P = .3). Only 2 of the tales analyzed indicated the recommended reading age. Nurses can recommend that families use tales that deal with death as a teaching tool because death themes are presented in a positive and realistic way that promotes understanding and coping with the concept of death.

Starting out - I had to see beyond ‘fixing’ patients and adopt a more holistic approach

When asked about my biggest fear for a nursing career, my answer was 'difficult situations' such as giving bad news and caring for a dying patient.

Midwives' experiences of routine enquiry for intimate partner violence in pregnancy.

Reducing violence against women is a national public health priority in Australia. Routine antenatal intimate partner violence screening by a skilled midwife is essential for assessment, support and appropriate referral, but can be challenging to implement. To explore midwives' experiences of routine enquiry, perceptions of facilitators and barriers, and suggested strategies to improve practice. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Participants were recruited from an e-mail bulletin by the Australian College of Midwives. In-depth telephone interviews were conducted with 21 midwives. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Three themes were identified: The first theme; Asking the Question incorporated the belief that whilst asking women about intimate partner violence were within the role of the midwife, participants felt unsupported and unprepared. The second theme; The big fear factor represented concerns around positive disclosures of intimate partner violence, including a sense of responsibility, worries about encouraging women to disclose without clear processes and resources to support them. The third theme; Building a relationship incorporated the importance of continuity of care, trust and rapport-building. Continuity of care was identified as a positive enabler for routine enquiry. A perceived lack of support, time pressures, and presence of a partner at appointments were all considered barriers to routine enquiry. Routine enquiry about IPV is a valuable and important midwifery role. Midwives described frustration and fear when women disclosed violence. The perceived level of support from health services varied according to practice contexts and needs to be improved.

Rethinking Old Age: Theorising the Fourth Age

Rethinking Old Age: Theorising the Fourth Age