Big Space Research Articles

Syria’s wind resources: Outlook for the Future

15 locations with wind speeds of more than 5 m/s were explored among 24 locations across Syria. Wind data from these locations was analyzed using the Weibull distribution, along with 15 different turbines. Three performance indicators were calculated and compared between each other: annual energy production, power factor (θ) and energy cost (z). The economic potential was calculated and the economic efficiency of wind turbines was studied on the basis of optimization of wind farm parameters that helped to find an option that provides the lowest price for electricity production on wind turbines. The study reveals that E70 71m 2300kw is the optimal turbine in all areas (from the places under consideration), both in terms of the highest efficiency and the lowest energy cost. The results show that the area of Sokhna has the largest economic potential because of the big space suitable for the establishment of wind turbines. Using the proposed wind farm scenario until 2030 is able to cover the deficit by 7.22%.

International space law of the era of the beginning of the business colonization of space

Traditional approach to the activity in outer space as exclusive domain of few big space faring states through special governmental agencies as a sort of natural monopolies is rapidly placing by the prevailing view that such activity could be successfully and efficiently performed by private entities and fair competition between such players shall be allowed and is even desirable. Increasing participation of private capital in exploration of the resources of outer space is a persuasive confirmation of the emerging large-scale, self-sufficient economy of the New Space attractive for potential investors. Such economy requires sufficient level of legal certainty in a form of effective legal rules adequately reflecting contemporary reality and capable to guarantee the rights of commercial players in exploration of space resources including ownership rights on space resources obtained. Arguably, such reshaping of international space law will take place outside the UN and would not be based on the concept of space as a common heritage of mankind. Main drivers of this reshaping will be unilateral national laws like the U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act or Luxembourg Space, bilateral agreements or international treaties with small number of participants (like the International Space Station Agreement or the Artemis Accords). Such national practice and international treaties claiming that they are adopted in implementation and in full conformity with the Outer Space Treaty will be viewed as subsequent practice and subsequent agreements clarifying, amending and even modifying rather vague provisions of the Outer Space Treaty. The values of the Outer Space Treaty will increase due to a lack of strict rules regulating or prohibiting commercial exploitation of space resources. It will allow to perform evolutionary reform of international space law using new avenues of the treaty creating new rules which will implement and improve provisions of the Outer Space Treaty.

Improved indoor positioning based on range-free RSSI fingerprint method

Abstract As the development of modern science and technology, LBS and location-aware computing are increasingly important in the practical applications. Currently, GPS positioning system is a mature positioning technology used widely, but signals are easily absorbed, reflected by buildings, and attenuate seriously. In such situation, GPS positioning is not suitable for using in the indoor environment. Wireless sensor networks, such as ZigBee technology, can provide RSSI (received signal strength indicator) which can be used for positioning, especially indoor positioning, and therefore for location based services (LBS).The authors are focused on the fingerprint database method which is suitable for calculating the coordinates of a pedestrian location. This positioning method can use the signal strength indication between the reference nodes and positioning nodes, and design algorithms for positioning. In the wireless sensor networks, according to whether measuring the distance between the nodes in the positioning process, the positioning modes are divided into two categories which are range-based and range-free positioning modes. This paper describes newly improved indoor positioning method based on RSSI fingerprint database, which is range-free. Presented fingerprint database positioning can provide more accurate positioning results, and the accuracy of establishing fingerprint database will affect the accuracy of indoor positioning. In this paper, we propose a new method about the average threshold and the effective data domain filtering method to optimize the fingerprint database of ZigBee technology. Indoor experiment, which was conducted at the University of Warmia and Mazury, proved that the distance achieved by this system has been extended over 30 meters without decreasing the positioning accuracy. The weighted nearest algorithm was chosen and used to calculate user’s location, and then the results were compared and analyzed. As a result, the positioning accuracy was improved and error did not exceed 0.69 m. Therefore, such system can be easily applied in a bigger space inside the buildings, underground mines or in the other location based services.

Stochastic local interaction model with sparse precision matrix for space–time interpolation

The application of geostatistical and machine learning methods based on Gaussian processes to big space–time data is beset by the requirement for storing and numerically inverting large and dense covariance matrices. Computationally efficient representations of space–time correlations can be constructed using local models of conditional dependence which can reduce the computational load. We formulate a stochastic local interaction model for regular and scattered space–time data that incorporates interactions within controlled space–time neighborhoods. The strength of the interaction and the size of the neighborhood are defined by means of kernel functions and adaptive local bandwidths. Compactly supported kernels lead to finite-size local neighborhoods and consequently to sparse precision matrices that admit explicit expression. Hence, the stochastic local interaction model’s requirements for storage are modest and the costly covariance matrix inversion is not needed. We also derive a semi-explicit prediction equation and express the conditional variance of the prediction in terms of the diagonal of the precision matrix. For data on regular space–time lattices, the stochastic local interaction model is equivalent to a Gaussian Markov Random Field.

Crowd Sourcing-based Deduplication in Big Data Environment

Frequently, in reality, substances have at least two portrayals in databases. Copy records don't share a typical key as well as they contain mistakes that make copy coordinating a troublesome assignment. Mistakes are presented as the consequence of interpretation blunders, inadequate data, absence of standard configurations, or any mix of these components. In big data storage data is excessively enormous and productively store data is troublesome errand. To take care of this issue Hadoop instrument gives HDFS that oversees data by keep up duplication of data however this expanded duplication. In our anticipated strategy bigdata stream is given to the fixed size chunking calculation to make fixed size chunks. In this manuscript, we introduce an exhaustive investigation of the writing on crowd sourcing based big data deduplication technique. In our strategy is to create the guide diminish result after that MapReduce model is connected to discover whether hash esteems and are copy or not. To be familiar with the copy hash esteems MapReduce model contrasted these hash esteems and as of now put away hash esteems in Big data storage space. On the off chance that these hash esteems are now there in the Big data storage space, at that point these can be distinguished as copy. On the off chance that the hash esteems are copied, at that point don't store the data into the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) else then store the data into the HDFS. we additionally spread various deduplication systems in crowd sourcing data's.

The frontier science and key technologies of asteroid monitoring and early warning, security defense and resource utilization

The asteroid impact on the Earth has been frequently occured in history, and it caused the earth environmental catastrophe and biological extinction more than once. It was thought to be one of the major potential threats of human safety and survival, and it’s a hot issue of general concerned in the international community. Meanwhile, near-Earth asteroids (NEA) are one of the most valuable goals for near term space exploration and resource developing and utilization, and it is also a “natural springboard” for forward space exploration. They are becoming the nature laboratory and test ground for human beings to enhance and display their new skills. They are thought to be “space islands” and the competition goal for the great powers to expand their territory, strive for strategic resources and compete to seize in the era of space navigation, during the age of nowadays space sailing. It will produce and promote the whole industrial chain of space economy development, such as economic circle of earth-moon, the mining of outer earth, and space manufacturing. Open up a new space era. Asteroid study has great scientific significance, it will deepen human understanding of the cutting-edge science for the origin and evolution of solar system, the universe, and also the life. How to defend against asteroids impact on the earth is also one of the major technical challenges facing the international space society. It is closely related to national security, and is a strategic and technical high point for great powers. The defense of asteroids impacting the Earth is also one of the major technical challenges facing the international space society. It is closely related to national security and is the strategic and technological commanding heights that big powers must contend for. Monitoring, early warning and defense of NEA, are not only the necessary measures to fulfill the obligations of the great powers, embody the role of a big country, establish and improve the image of a responsible big country, compete for the right and voice of our country in international space affairs, but also the inevitable choice of human protection of its own survival and development. It is also an important embodiment for the building of a community with shared future for humanity. Therefore, its importance, necessity and urgency are self-evident. In this paper, the present situation and development trend of NEA monitoring and warning, defense and resource utilization were comprehensive introduced and reviewed in detail. The frontier scientific problem, key technologies and relevant regulations and international cooperation issues were deeply discussed and systematically summarized. In view of the current situation of China, the problems and gaps in these fields were seriously analyzed. Based on the development requirements of China, from multiple dimensions, such as the top layout, systematic planning, scientific research, technical development, engineering implementation, construction of regulations and law, international cooperation, complete development goals and suggestions of China are proposed. China is moving from a big space country to a powerful space country. We should have a big country’s thinking and long-term vision on the utilization of resources for safety and defense of asteroid surveillance and early warning, and carry out actions at all levels as soon as possible.

From new space to big space: How commercial space dream is becoming a reality

New space is a misleading expression. Many new trends steer the evolution of space activities. Development of commercial space, with start-ups and space ventures, is one of the most visible trends in space. Stimulated by the first initiatives related to space tourism, access to space and the growing use of small satellites, space activities have attracted new entrepreneurs, both start-ups and big web actors with substantial investment capacity. This revolution started in the Silicon Valley and spread worldwide. Start-ups have attracted around $21.8 billion of investment from 2000 to 2018. It is far below the annual institutional budgets but the pace gained momentum since 2006 and specially 2012.Between teenage crisis and age of reason, New space is now old: the first start-ups shall confirm their promises, while new players pop up and try to find their way. It shakes the legacy players but they demonstrate resilience and adaptation capacity. It is now the right time to take stock of the first lessons learnt. Start-ups disrupt the established industry? Instead of a simplistic shortcut, this paper reports an “organizational ecology” study. With a deliberate industrial viewpoint, its ambition is to help understanding complex evolutions in the space ecosystem.The first part of the paper introduces the current ecosystem, its actors, the key trends and the main types of activities. Through facts and figures on technology, investments and markets, the second part reviews how “new space” trends are preparing the advent of big space. The third part summarises lessons from other industries and typical disruption scenarios that could affect space activities. The drivers of New space are discussed in section four. The last part is a foresight exercise, discussing possible evolutions and impacts, threats and opportunities. The decisive role of institutional actors and the « new space » with more and more space-faring nations is also highlighted.Something big is happening in space. While it is too early to depict the new landscape, this study shows that the future picture will not be black and white but more colourful. The size and the age of the company are less important than agility, mindset, ability to manage risks and to cooperate. A big vision for the future, from entrepreneurs or from nations, is also needed.

Adaptive lossless compression of skeleton sequences

The increasing importance of skeleton information in surveillance big data feature analysis demands significant storage space. The development of an effective and efficient solution for storage is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new framework for the lossless compression of skeleton sequences by exploiting both spatial and temporal prediction and coding redundancies. Firstly, we propose a set of skeleton prediction modes, namely, spatial differential-based, motion vector-based, relative motion vector-based, and trajectory-based skeleton prediction mode. These modes can effectively handle both spatial and temporal redundancies present in the skeleton sequences. Secondly, we further enhance performance by introducing a novel approach to handle coding redundancy. Our proposed scheme is able to significantly reduce the size of skeleton data while maintaining exactly the same skeleton quality due to lossless compression approach. Experiments are conducted on standard surveillance and Posetrack action datasets containing challenging test skeleton sequences. Our method obviously outperforms the traditional direct coding methods by providing an average of 73% and 66% bit-savings on the two datasets.

Urban Ecological Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors—A Case Study in Henan Province, China

The urban ecological civilization construction relates to welfare of the people and the national future. It is an important field of the high-quality economic development to improve the urban ecological efficiency level. The purpose of this research is to provide a new perspective and method for the quantitative study of the urban sustainable development, and also to provide some decision-making references for the improvement of the urban ecological efficiency in Henan province. This paper uses the slacks-based measure-data envelopment analysis (SBM-DEA) model containing the undesirable output and the Malmquist index model to fully evaluate the urban ecological efficiency level in Henan province during the period of 2005–2016, via both the static and dynamic analysis. Based on this, the bootstrap regression model is applied in analyzing the influencing factors of the urban ecological efficiency. The research shows three findings. First, according to the static efficiency analysis, the urban ecological efficiency in Henan province is low as a whole and has a big promotion space. Moreover, there is a significant difference in the urban ecological efficiency level among the five regions because of the different geographical locations and social and economic development situations of the cities. Second, according to the dynamic efficiency analysis, in the last 12 years, the urban ecological efficiency in Henan province has shown an overall growth trend, and the technological progress has played a major role in promoting the urban ecological efficiency in Henan province. Third, according to the influencing factor analysis, the governmental financial support hinders the improvement of the urban ecological efficiency in Henan province, while the level of opening to the outside world, the urban population density, and the urban greening level promote it.

Planning of Buildings in Tropical Environment – How Disaster changed buildings?

As my personal heritage is from turkey and earthquakes been always something usual for me, I wanted to know how the buildings can stand such a disaster. In the following paper I would like to investigate the architecture in different parts of the world and understand how this changed the architecture by time. Also, I want to know how these influence the vernacular architecture in different countries. In the period, there has been a load of different disasters. The problem of these disasters is also mostly located in the tropics. As the climatic conditions influence the material and quality of buildings. The problems can differ in size and could occur in a big space. To pursuit the complicate topic there will be an explanation about Earthquake, furthermore there will be several examples of such a disaster. At the end we will summarize the consequences of an earthquake with a follow up of how to design for them.
 Index Terms— Earthquake, EOLBREAK, Urban, Seismic

Photoreactors Design for Hydrogen Production

The production of hydrogen through photoreforming of aqueous solutions of organic compounds is considered as a way to exploit solar energy storage in the form of hydrogen. The photocatalytic reforming can be promoted by a photocatalyst, optimally a solid semiconductor able to absorb the major quota of solar energy. In this work, glucose was used as a model substrate for photoreforming, possibly derived from the hydrolysis of waste biomass. The selected photocatalysts were based on TiO2. The materials were prepared by different methods, e.g. flame spray pyrolysis, precipitation and in mesoporous form through soft template synthesis, and compared with commercial samples of nanostructured TiO2 P25 by Evonik. 0.1 mol% Pt was also added as co-catalyst. The role of the metal was that of electron sink, to inhibit the recombination of the electron/hole couple obtained through light absorption.The photoreforming reaction was carried out in different prototypes of photoreactors, specifically developed and optimised. In one reactor configuration, an external 200 W lamp was used, with emission wavelengths centred around 365 nm. A first photoreactor was developed with internal capacity ca. 0.3 L, with big head space for gas collection and very efficient mixing of the suspension thanks to an optimized length/diameter ratio (L/D) ca. 2. A drawback was the poor irradiation efficiency of the suspension, which limited the overall productivity, irrespectively or the substrate. A different home-designed photoreactor was equipped with an immersion lamp, coaxial with the reactor. Two reactor sizes were tested, 0.3 L or 1.5 L. A significant amount of H2 was obtained with these very simple catalyst formulations, up to 14.7 mol kgcat-1 h-1 over the Pt/TiO2 sample and using glucose as substrate. This result is very remarkable with respect to conventional photoreactors.

On-Board Correction of Systematic Odometry Errors in Differential Robots

An easier method for the calibration of differential drive robots is presented. Most calibration is done on-board and it is not necessary to spend too much time taking note of the robot’s position. The calibration method does not need a large free space to perform the tests. The bigger space is merely in a straight line, which is easy to find. The results with the method presented are compared with those from UMB for reference, and they show very little deviation while the proposed calibration is much simpler.

Recurrence relations for symplectic realization of (quasi)-Poisson structures

It is known that any Poisson manifold can be embedded into a bigger space which admits a description in terms of a global symplectic structure. Such a procedure is known as a symplectic realization and has a number of important applications like the quantization of the original Poisson manifold. In the present paper we extend the above idea to the case of quasi-Poisson structures which should not necessarily satisfy the Jacobi identity. For any given quasi-Poisson structure we provide a closed recursive formula for local embedding functions and Darboux coordinates. Our construction is illustrated for the examples of the constant R-flux algebra, quasi-Poisson structure isomorphic to the commutator algebra of imaginary octonions and the non-geometric M-theory R-flux background. In all cases we derive explicit formulas for the symplectic realization and the corresponding expression for Darboux coordinates.

SAS<sup>®</sup> Metadata Audit Reporting Transition to Modern BI & Analytics

In today's world, there has been huge transition from traditional BI (Business Intelligence) and Analytics to the modern one. In the past, we used to have a countable number of canned reports and analytical models; in modern BI (Self-Help reporting/In-memory/Tonnes of data) and Big Data Analytics space, the volumes have been growing very fast from a few Giga Bytes to Zeta Bytes of data. Starting from sourcing the data from disparate sources, housing them in various formats (structured to unstructured to text to streams) and finally landing them at Big Data/Data Lake platform for BI, Reporting, Visualization and Analytics use; IT change impact analysis and maintenance has been a challenge. That's when auditing and reporting metadata bring values to the problems. In every organization, Group IT requires a strategy to track data utilization or system adaptation in order to accelerate their decision-making process from time-to-time towards the growth and maturity. SAS® 9 has various auditing features and solutions like SAS® Audit, Performance and Measurement Package, SAS® Environment Manager Audit Reporting and SAS® VA (Visual Analytics) Administrator's Usage Reports. In this paper, an in-house and out-of-the-box users audit and metadata reporting approach has been depicted. It includes features like tracking number of SAS users and their usage of various client applications and the contents. It has also capability of capturing details like the various dormant SAS users/groups among the total registered SAS users/groups, an automatic housekeeping, scheduling and so on. If you are seeking for a solution for quick turn-around, it would help you to guide your organization whereby Enterprise BI & Analytics softwares like SAS® (EBI) Enterprise BI, SAS® EDI (Enterprise Data Integration) and/or SAS® Visual Analytics have already been deployed.

Political Representation In Urban Public Space In Jakarta Child-Friendly Public Space (Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak – RPTRA)

The design of public space often embodies the power and political representation of a specific regime. As urban architecture symbolizes and establishes the identity of a regime, authorities often use a top-down approach to implement urban architectural programs. As a result, the spaces constructed often display power and identity, but lack consideration of public use. Public spaces are often exclusionary for public use. They merely stand for the representation of the authority. Accordingly, many public spaces built by the government are abandoned soon after their launch. Big ceremonies and public space displays only last a few days before these spaces are then closed to the public or appropriated for different uses. Most top-down approaches focus on the physical development, overlooking the users’ inclusion in decision making. This research analyses the political representation of public space design in RPTRA Bahari located in the South Jakarta. It analyses the political reason behind the development of RPTRA in Jakarta and the way participative design approach is employed during the design process to get public engagement in public space. Therefore, it investigates how the political representation is perceived in everyday life by analysing how the public space has been used three years since its launch. Through observation and interviews, this paper interrogates the political representation in urban forms and how public spaces become an arena where the government’s intentions and everyday uses meet. It concludes that a participative, bottom-up approach leads to more public use and engagement.

Runtime Power Management of Battery Electric Vehicles for Extended Range With Consideration of Driving Time

Installation of a large-capacity battery pack is a straightforward method to extend the range of battery electric vehicles (BEV or all-electric vehicles). However, at the same time, a large-capacity battery pack not only occupies a big space but also significantly increases the vehicle weight, which directly impacts the fuel economy and vehicle performance. This implies that increasing the battery capacity has an obvious limitation in extending the EV range. In this paper, we introduce a system-level framework to extend the range of BEV with the consideration of the vehicle dynamics, electric powertrain characteristics, road slopes, payload, and regenerative braking. This paper particularly takes into account driving time so that the resultant BEV power management does not impractically slow down the vehicle velocity. The BEV power management framework derives energy-aware velocity planning, i.e., a desirable instantaneous velocity at each distance step (or at each time instant). The major technical contributions of this paper compared with the previous work include: 1) practically applicable velocity planning for production BEVs from superb BEV power model fidelity; 2) new performance metrics to consider both driving energy and driving time: energy-delay product (EDP), energy-square-delay product, and energy-cubic-delay product; 3) heuristics to derive EDP-aware velocity planning; 4) comparative analysis of the velocity planning between BEV and internal combustion engine vehicles; and 5) analysis of the model fidelity impact on the energy-aware velocity planning. The proposed method results in up to a 46.2% improvement of the EDP compared with the least-energy constant velocity driving.

Deformation Spaces of Discrete Groups of SU(2,1) in Quaternionic Hyperbolic Plane: A Case Study

In this note, we study deformations of discrete and Zariski dense subgroups of in the isometry group of quaternionic hyperbolic space. Specifically, we consider two examples coming from representations of 3-manifold groups (the figure eight knot and Whitehead links complement) and show opposite behaviors: one is not deformable outside U(2, 1), while the other has a big space of deformations in .

A Grey Wolf Optimization Based Algorithm for Optimum Camera Placement

Camera placement is very important for surveillance applications. Proposed work presents a new method of optimum placement of visual sensors for maximum coverage of the predefined surveillance space. The surveillance space is modeled as priority areas (PAs), obstacles and feasible locations for placement of cameras. We are using PTZ (pan, tilt, zoom) cameras, which not only reduces occlusion due to randomly moving objects in the PA but also increases the covered area compared to pin hole cameras. The proposed approach will be useful for crowd monitoring in a big surveillance space holding multiple events and having multiple entrances. The problem of optimum camera placement for maximum coverage considering both static and randomly moving obstacles is mapped as a Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) problem. The proposed algorithm is computationally lighter and converges faster as compared to Genetic Algorithm (GA) based camera placement and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based camera placement algorithm. The concept is validated using simulation as well as the experimental results.

13th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics, WOLTE-13

This issue of the Journal of Physics – Conference Series collects articles from the participants of the 13th Workshop on Low Temperature Electronics (WOLTE-13) held in Sorrento (Napoli) Italy from 10 to 13 September 2018 and organized by the CNR-SPIN Institute under the chair of Roberto Cristiano and Giampiero Pepe. According with the WOLTE publication policy, submission of manuscript was not mandatory but optional. Hence, this issue does not cover the entire volume of material presented at the conference.WOLTE is a biannual conference specialized in low temperature electronics. It has a longstanding tradition started in 1994 in France. Most of the WOLTE editions were held in Europe with some exception represented by the editions in USA and Brazil. Coming back to Italy for the second time and choosing Sorrento was of particular significance, given the long and established tradition in superconducting electronics of the Napoli area.WOLTE was usually devoted to the presentation of the most recent advances in low temperature electronics and its applications, with the rare feature of merging different communities active in the fields of superconductors, semiconductors and cryogenics. In response to the very recent renewed interest on low temperature electronics, this edition has open to new and emerging topics where the impact of low temperature electronics plays a key role. Indeed, Wolte-13 has been characterized by contributions on quantum communications, quantum computation & q-bits, cryogenic memories for big data centres, space applications and micro-cryogenics. The success of this choice is reflected in the numbers of WOLTE-13 with 103 participants (Australia 1, China 5, France 4, Germany 9, Ireland 1, Italy 51, Japan 4, Kazakhstan 3, Russia 3, Slovenia 1, Spain 2, Sweden 1, Switzerland 2, The Netherlands 4, United Kingdom 6, USA 6), more than 60 oral and 20 poster presentations, with a significant and active participation of industries.We are convinced that the success of WOLTE-13 could represent a kick-off for a renewed life of WOLTE.Napoli, 24 January 2019Roberto CristianoMikkel EjrnaesProcolo LucignanoLoredana ParlatoEditors

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Child Sexual Abuse.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is the involvement of children and adolescents in sexual activities (usually for adult sexual stimulation or gratification) that they cannot fully comprehend and to which they cannot consent as a fully equal, self-determining participant, because of their early stage of development [Box 1]. Open in a separate window Box 1 Defining child sexual abuse