Big Potential Research Articles

Electroplated ZnO Thin Film: Influence of Deposition Time on Optical and Structural Properties

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film, an important n-type semiconductor for various applications, needs to be prepared by a simple and low-cost method. Herein, ZnO thin films with various deposition times (1.25 min, 2.50 min, 5.00 min and 7.5 min) have been successfully fabricated by the electroplating method. The X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrates that the crystal structure of all samples was hexagonal, with the largest crystal size of 28.17 nm and a deposition time of 2.50 min. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the deposition time increased along with the more visible size distribution of the crystallite grains and the smaller, more spherical and uniform, compact coating of the substrate. It is found that increasing the deposition time from 1.25 min to 7.5 min leads to an increment of thickness from 0.84 µm to 4.4 µm. The elemental analysis reveals the presence of zinc (Zn) and oxygen (O) without impurities. The optical analysis reveals that the ZnO transmittance was greater than 95% for all deposition times. The highest bandgap energy value of the ZnO thin film is 3.24 eV at a deposition time of 1.25 min. With great optical and structural properties, our ZnO thin film has a big potential to be used for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC).

Application of a parallel physics-informed neural network to solve the multi-body dynamic equations for full-scale train collisions

The prohibitive cost of acquiring data from full-scale train collision experiments limits the applicability of data-driven machine learning methods in train collision simulation. Physics-informed neural networks (PINN) attempt to address this challenge by incorporating physics equations as part of the loss function construction. However, the PINN approach is relatively time-consuming when it comes to solving a large number of physical equations. In this paper, a parallel physics-informed neural network (PPINN) methodology is developed for the solution of multibody dynamics equations to further reduce the computational cost. As well, a PPINN-based framework for engineering applications is proposed, investigating the dynamic responses, absorbed energy, collision forces, and wheel vertical rises of the full-scale train collision. Automatic differentiation and parallelization algorithms are applied to the multi-body dynamic equations including mass, damping, and stiffness matrices, as well as the. The residuals and the initial conditions are included in the loss function. The dynamic responses, absorbed energy, collision forces, and wheel vertical rise of the full-scale train collision are simulated and studied in detail. The results obtained from the PPINN method are in excellent agreement with those obtained from the finite element method (FEM), Newmark-β, and fourth-order Runge–Kutta methods for all four train collision scenarios. Additionally, the PPINN methodology keeps better stability even under large time steps which implies a big potential for computational cost reduction.

Service Innovation in Case of Electromobility

Abstract Studies show that electromobility will emerge in urban areas. As urban mobility solutions are changing, electromobility is intended with a big potential of sustainable innovation. Nevertheless, changing the mobility culture depends on certain requirements. According to Urri, the automobile development lies in breaking the dominant role of cars which results in a development deadlock. In order to change the mobility culture, the mental approach to mobility options and the infrastructural conditions need to be considered as two central factors. Future mobility isn´t about less mobility, but rather a different way of being mobile and using different types of mobility solutions. This paper presents a research project that is based on the systemic-relational approach. It seeks to develop and introduce the conditions of electromobility in an urban area without a well-frequented local public transport by a networked innovation cooperation in four development areas. The central goal of this work is the integrated development of service innovation of technical and non-technical manner based on the network of project partners, the city council and the university. A change towards electromobility means changing infrastructure, market actors and business models. It signifies a change of social-cultural systems regarding mobility habits, practices and values. One of our main results show that the emotional perception by using experiences of electromobility has a positive effect on its social acceptability which raises the “flow factor” of electromobility.

Analisa Dampak Keberadaan Safari Lagoi terhadap Pariwisata di Kawasan Wisata Terpadu

Safari Lagoi is a 8 year old tourism destination in an integrated tourism area Bintan Resort. The good fact can be found that Safari Lagoi had atracted almost 4,000 tourists in 2018 that increased significantly to 30,000 tourists in 2019. As a part of an integrated tourism destionation in Bintan Resort, Safari Lagoi gives a positive impact both direct or indirectly to the existing stakeholders. Thus, it is important to do an observation upon the correlation and impact that arise in this area. This impact analysis reletad to dual role of Safari Lagoi as tourism destination as well as nature conservation. Observation used is an analyses of primary and secondary data, includes tourists visiting data, investment, using quetionair and/or direct interview to get a feedback that will be analysed using SWOT to identify strategic recommendation for further development of Safari Lagoi. Bintan Resort has a big potential for ecotourism. The presence of Safari Lagoi offer a special attractiveness for tourists with their Flora and Fauna concervation and can become a key driver for ecotourism development in this integrated area. Safari Lagoi gives a positive impacts towards economy, social and culture, and environment. Safari Lagoi needs to make use the momentum of high tourists' animo and other stakeholder's positive feedback to expedite further development through good synergy with Bintan Resorts Master Developer.

Therapeutic effects of creatine supplementation in patients with type II diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is disturbingly increasing all over the world. Clinicians and patients need new ways of improving T2DM therapy. Aim of this study: The aim of this study is to present the current scientific literature on the potential hypoglycemic effects of creatine in patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: A systematic review of the scientific and medical literature from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was carried out. This was achieved according to the keywords: type 2 diabetes and creatine supplementation. 25 items of literature were qualified for analysis. Results and conclusions: Creatine supplementation, when combined with physical activity, improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Increased glucose transfer into muscle cells by type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT-4) translocation to the sarcolemma is one of the potential mechanisms explaining these hypoglycemic effects. Creatine has a big potential to become a nutritional therapy adjuvant for type 2 diabetes. However, in order to draw firm conclusions about the efficacy and safety of creatine as a diabetic intervention, larger, longer-term, controlled trials involving type 2 diabetes with variable disease severity and different pharmacological treatments are required.

Highly efficient grooved NiTi tube refrigerants for compressive elastocaloric cooling

Elastocaloric (eC) cooling without environmental issues has been a promising substitute for the conventional vapor-compression refrigeration. Commercial superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy tubes show large elastocaloric cooling capacity and ultrahigh fatigue life under cyclic compression but suffer from the limited specific heat transfer area (Aht) and insufficient cooling performance. Up to now, compressive NiTi tube eC refrigerant with Aht larger than 1 m2 Kg−1 has not been available due to the easy buckling problem. In this work, the buckling-free vertically and spirally grooved NiTi tubes (VGT and SGT) with Aht of 1.04 m2 Kg−1 and 1.25 m2 Kg−1 respectively are developed as the compressive eC refrigerants. The VGT and SGT are fabricated by the slow-feeding wire electric discharge machining based on the bared NiTi tubes. Then a compressive eC refrigeration prototype (ERP) is built to experimentally characterize the specific cooling power (SCP) and system temperature span (ΔTspan) of the grooved tubes. Under the regenerative flow configuration, the VGT and SGT achieve large zero-ΔTspanSCP of 2.18 W g−1 and 2.61 W g−1 at the operation frequency (fERP) = 0.5 Hz. Besides, the VGT and SGT produce maximum no-cooling-load ΔTspan of 25.2 K and 27.7 K respectively at fERP = 0.417 Hz. The experimental SCP and ΔTspan exceed most of the reported eC regenerators and there are still rooms for enhancing the cooling results by improving the ERP in future. Overall, the developed VGT and SGT with large Aht records and excellent cooling performance show big potentials of heat transfer structure design in developing highly efficient eC devices.

Post global pandemic and national paradigm of resilience of Indonesian SMEs

Indonesia has a big potential of development by boosting up the SMEs. The SMEs seems neglected by its history on Indonesia as the main focus remained on public sector. The SMEs particular in large scale manufacturing units beyond the government, bank, and liberalization. As the SMEs sector period withdraw their development because of lack skill and function. In this research, SMEs sector in Indonesia as an object using the bibliography methodological to analyze the paradigm and liberate realizing the need to specify the key terms for purposes resilience on post global pandemic. Through innovative business opportunities and creating value by individuals, it is an effort to create value. In addition, this value creation can be done by providing encouragement to manage the risks of a project, improving communicative and management skills in helping the movement of people, fast materials and financial resources for project success.

Current Review on Numerical Simulation of Synthetic Jet (SJ) Cooling

This paper reviews the working principles and numerical approach for the synthetic jet cooling in the previous studies. It is essential to reviews relevant previous research within the study scope in order to further enhance the improvement of synthetic jet technology. Furthermore, numerical approach can cut the cost and save time compared to experimental works. Numerical simulation is crucial to expedite the synthetic jet product enhancement as it opens up big potential in electronic device application. Studies carried out by many scholars within the scope of this publication have demonstrated that resonance frequency enhances the performance of synthetic jet. Reynold numbers vary with frequency, and greater Reynold numbers produced higher heat transfer coefficients. The majority of researchers have also chosen the cylindrical cavity type because it offers superior velocity output, which improves cooling performance. According to previous studies, a smaller diameter leads to a higher velocity output and a higher Reynold number

Study of Influence of Extraction Method on the Recovery Bioactive Compounds from Peel Avocado.

The avocado peel is a waste material from consumption avocado (Persea americana Mill.) with big biotechnology potential. The purpose of the present work was to study the influence of six extraction methods, maceration (M), maceration plus β-cyclodextrin (MβC), solid-state fermentation (SSF), sonication with water or ethanol, wet grinding (WG), wet grinding plus maceration (WGM), on the recovery of bioactive compounds from the avocado peel such as total phenols, epicatechin and chlorogenic acid. The results showed that the extraction method has a significant effect on the content of total phenols, the WGM method obtaining the highest value of total phenols (2143.1 mg GAE/100 g dry weight). Moreover, the results indicated that the extraction method had a significant effect on chlorogenic acid and epicatechin recovery, the WGM method obtaining the highest amount of epicatechin and chlorogenic acid, 181.7 and 244.3 mg/100 g dry matter, respectively. Additionally, the characterization of WGM extract was realized by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS. Thus, the WGM method allowed for obtaining good yields of recovery of phenolic compounds using an accessible technology and a more environment-friendly solvent.

Citizen Science Improves the Known and Potential Distribution of a Strong Wetland Invader: Implications for Niche Modeling and Invasion Management.

Invasive alien species are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss and ecosystem alteration. Obtaining up-to-date occurrence records and accurate invasion risk maps has become crucial to develop timely and effective management strategies. Unfortunately, gathering and validating distribution data can be labor-intensive and time-consuming, with different data sources unavoidably leading to biases in the results. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a tailored citizen science project compared with other data sources, in mapping the current and potential distribution of Iris pseudacorus, a strong invasive alien plant in Argentina. To do so, we used geographic information systems and ecological niche modeling with Maxent, and compared data from: i) a citizen science tailored project; ii) the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF); and iii) an exhaustive professional data collection (i.e. field samplings across Argentina, literature and collections review). Results suggest that the citizen science tailored project provided a larger and more diversified amount of data compared to the other sources. All data-sources showed good performance in the ecological niche models, however, data from the tailored citizen science project predicted a greater suitable area, including regions not yet reported. This allowed us to better identify critical and vulnerable areas, where management and prevention strategies are necessary. Professional data provided more reports in non-urban areas, whereas citizen science based data sources (i.e. GBIF and the citizen science project conducted in this study) reported more sites in urban areas, which indicates that different data-sources are complementary and there is a big potential in combining methods. We encourage the use of tailored citizen science campaigns to gather a more diverse amount of data, generating better knowledge about aquatic invasive species and helping decision-making in ecosystem management.

Di(arylcarbazole) Substituted Oxetanes as Efficient Hole Transporting Materials with High Thermal and Morphological Stability for OLEDs

A group of di(arylcarbazole)-substituted oxetanes has been prepared in Suzuki reactions by using the key starting material 3,3-di[3-iodocarbazol-9-yl]methyloxetane and various boronic acids (fluorophenylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid or naphthalene-1-boronic acid). Full characterization of their structure has been presented. The low molar mass compounds represent materials having high thermal stability with 5% mass loss thermal degradation temperatures in the range of 371-391 °C. Glass transition temperatures of the materials are also very high and range from 107 °C to 142 °C, which is a big advantage for formation of stable amorphous layers for optoelectronic devices, i.e., organic light emitting diodes. Hole transporting properties of the prepared materials were confirmed in formed organic light emitting diodes with tris(quinolin-8-olato)aluminium (Alq3) as a green emitter, which also served as an electron transporting layer. In the device's materials, 3,3-di[3-phenylcarbazol-9-yl]methyloxetane (5) and 3,3-di[3-(1-naphthyl)carbazol-9-yl]methyloxetane (6) demonstrated superior hole transporting properties than that of material 3,3-di[3-(4-flourophenyl)carbazol-9-yl]methyloxetane (4) based device. When material 5 was used in the device structure, the OLED demonstrated rather low turn-on voltage of 3.7 V, luminous efficiency of 4.2 cd/A, power efficiency of 2.6 lm/W and maximal brightness exceeding 11670 cd/m2. HTL of 6 based device also showed exclusive OLED characteristics. The device was characterized by turn-on voltage of 3.4 V, maximum brightness of 13193 cd/m2, luminous efficiency of 3.8 cd/A and power efficiency of 2.6 lm/W. An additional hole injecting-transporting layer (HI-TL) of PEDOT considerably improved functions of the device with HTL of compound 4. The modified OLED with a layer of the derivative 4 demonstrated exclusive characteristics with turn-on voltage of 3.9 V, high luminous efficiency of 4.7 cd/A, power efficiency of 2.6 lm/W and maximal brightness exceeding 21,000 cd/m2. These observations confirmed that the prepared materials have a big potential in the field of optoelectronics.

Potential of Pigmented Rice Variety Cempo Ireng in Rice Breeding Program for Improving Food Sustainability

Cempo Ireng (Oryza sativa L. var. Cempo Ireng) is one of the black rice variety in Indonesia that consumed as functional food, not as a staple food because of the black rice contains anthocyanin pigment which has beneficial to human health. High concentration of anthocyanin reaching 393.93 ppm cause black color in the pericarp layer of Cempo Ireng which make this variety as an antioxidant source, low glycemic index, and free of gluten, leading to have higher price in the rice market. However, most of the farmers are not cultivate Cempo Ireng due to the longer vegetative phase up to 150 days compared to the white rice varieties which only takes 90 days, the taller phenotype of Cempo Ireng cause problems in cultivation, and also the purple color of Cempo Ireng attract birds and earhead bug (Leptocorisa oratorius) to feed on black rice caryopsis that cause severe yield loss. Transgenic methods, mutation technique, intensification systems, and physical treatment have been applied in Cempo Ireng to overcome those lack characteristics. In the future, Cempo Ireng also has a big potential to become a parent in cross breeding program because of the positive characters. The aim of this review is to describe the potential of Cempo Ireng in rice breeding program for improving food sustainability.

Bibliometric Analysis for Entrepreneurship skill Improvement in SMEs Pakistan Sector

Pakistan has a big potential of development by boosting up the SMEs. The SMEs seem neglected by their history in Pakistan as the main focus remained on the public sector. The SMEs particularly in large-scale manufacturing units beyond the government, bank, and liberalization. As the SMEs sector periodically withdraws their development because of a lack of skill and function. In this research, the SMEs sector in Pakistan is an object using the bibliography methodological to analyze the improvement of entrepreneurship skill by internal factors TVEs, and external factors in the Entrepreneurial Environment

Use of common carp waste for pigment production by Monascus purpureus

Fish processing worldwide generates a large amount of waste that has no further use. In this work, we tested the possible biotechnological use of two waste materials from common carp – waste scales and residues from filleting process. Both sources were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis and subsequently used as a source of nitrogen, phosphorus and other elements for the cultivation of the fungus Monascus purpureus, which is known for the production of pigments with potential in pharmaceutics and other sectors of industry. After 14 day-long cultivation of Monascus purpureus in a medium containing hydrolysate as the sole source of all nutrients except carbon, the extraction of pigments and their further analysis were carried out. It was shown that a simple as well as inexpensive alkaline hydrolysis can be used to prepare a complex culture medium suitable for pigment production using fish waste. Moreover, there is a big potential that this medium would also be suitable for many more biotechnological applications.

A Sensor-Aided System for Physical Perfect Control Applications in the Continuous-Time Domain.

The recently introduced continuous-time perfect control algorithm has revealed a great potential in terms of the maximum-speed and maximum-accuracy behaviors. However, the discussed inverse model-originated control strategy is associated with considerable energy consumption, which has exceeded a technological limitation in a number of industrial cases. In order to prevent such an important drawback, several solutions could be considered. Therefore, an innovative perfect control scheme devoted to the multivariable real-life objects is investigated in this paper. Henceforth, the new IMC-related approach, strongly supported by the vital sensor-aided system, can successfully be employed in every real-time engineering task, where the precision of conducted processes plays an important role. Theoretical and practical examples strictly confirm the big implementation potential of the new established method over existing ones. It has been seen that the new perfect control algorithm outperforms the classical control law in the form of LQR (considered in two separate ways), which is clearly manifested by almost all simulation examples. For instance, in the case of the multi-tank system, the performance indices ISE, RT, and MOE for LQR without an integration action have been equal to 2.431, 2.4×102, and 3.655×10-6, respectively, whilst the respective values 1.638, 1.58×102, and 1.514×10-7 have been received for the proposed approach.

Potential ambient NO2 abatement by applying photocatalytic materials in a Spanish city and analysis of short-term effect on human mortality

Road traffic is the main contributor to NO2 emissions in many European cities, causing that the current limit values for the protection of human health are exceeded. The use of photocatalytic compounds that incorporate titanium dioxide (TiO2) is frequently proposed as abatement technology but its depolluting effectiveness on a real scale is still being investigated.In this work, the potential removal capacity of NO2 that selected TiO2-based materials would have if they were implemented in a street in the municipality of Alcobendas (Community of Madrid, Spain) has been evaluated. The number of avoided NO2-related deaths over the locality across the period 2001–2019 have been inferred. Moreover, the saving associated with the estimated removal of ambient NO2 due to the use of photocatalytic materials and costs generated by their acquisition and implementation in the selected urban environment were briefly studied.Attributable mortality due to NO2 concentrations for Alcobendas has been estimated in 289 deaths, being 9241 the total deaths due to natural cause. This presents a monthly variation associated with the evolution of both mortality due to natural causes and the average concentrations of NO2.The reduction in mortality via the hypothetical implantation of photocatalytic materials throughout the municipality, assuming ideal conditions for their optimal performance, would be a maximum of 3%.In addition, a saving of €5708 yr−1 km−2 related to NOx damage costs of transport was obtained. A total cost of k€4750.5 km−2 was associated to the purchase of photocatalytic materials and their application to all surfaces in that area.This technology has a big elimination potential in controlled conditions but a low reduction of ambient NO2 is provided when implemented in real outdoor urban scenarios. Its use can be recommended incorporated into engineering designs and applications, complementing other abatement measures, to reduce NO2 mortality in urban areas.

Thermal imaging of the wheel-rail interface

The paper presents the use of a new method of imaging of the wheel-rail interface wear adopting thermal imaging techniques. Based on the heat generated at the point of contact, coming from the friction and strain of the mating materials, it is possible to identify the type and location of the wheel-rail interface. This work presents the usability of the method with reference to the typical conditions of operation of light rail vehicles (small-radius curves – from 22 m, wheel diameter around 0.6 m, lower standard of track maintenance than in the case of regular railways, use of shallow-grooved frogs, etc.). Thermal imaging presents a big potential in terms of monitoring the wheel-rail interaction and can also be used to identify flange climbing, rolling noise generation or longitudinal creepage during traction or braking.

Safety and Effects of a Commercial Ozone Foam Preparation on Endometrial Environment and Fertility of Mares.

Mares' subfertility represents a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and both clinical and subclinical endometritis are considered major causes of impaired fertility. Thanks to its properties, ozone has a big potential as a treatment for equine endometritis. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the safety and the effects on endometrium and reproductive parameters of mares of a commercial ozone foam preparation (Riger Spray®). Twenty-four mares were treated during estrus: ozone group with an intrauterine instillation of ozone foam preparation (OG, n=16) and control group with 20 ml of lactated Ringer's solution (CG, n=8). Samples for endometrial cytology were collected before the ozone treatment (T0), after 24 h (T1), after one week (T2), two weeks (T3), and when the subsequent estrous phase was detected (T4). Furthermore, samples for histological examination and uterine swab for bacteriological examination were collected at T0 and T4. At T1, a statistically significant increase of endometrial inflammation in the OG mares compared to T0 (P<.05) and to CG at same time point (P<.05) was observed, but it was already resolved at T2. No differences in endometrial inflammation in CG, biopsy grade before and after the treatment in the two groups, number of mares pregnant at the end of the season and number of mares pregnant at the first cycle were observed. However, the number of inseminations required for pregnancy tended to be lower (P=.0711) in the OG (1.69±0.06) than in CG mares (2.60±0.89).

Effects of different sources of β-glucan on pasting, gelation, and digestive properties of pea starch

The effects of Lentinula edodes β-glucan (LG), yeast β-glucan (YG), and oat β-glucan (OG) on pasting, gelation, and digestive properties of pea starch (PeS) were studied. Because of different molecular weights and spatial conformation, β-glucan interacted differently with PeS. With the increase of molecular weight of OG, YG, and LG, the pasting property and the gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) of β-glucan-PeS (G-PeS) suspension decreased by rapid viscosity analyzer and differential thermal scanning analysis, respectively, which was consistent with the results of X-ray diffraction; texture parameters of G-PeS gel were increased and the scanning electron microscope furtherly showed that the structure of 0.5% G-PeS gel was more stable. The rheological parameters (energy storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of G-PeS were LG-PeS ≈ YG-PeS > OG-PeS. And the blue shift degree of absorption peak in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of G-PeS gels (1639.09 cm −1 , 1639.12 cm −1 , and 1637.78 cm −1 ) proved that LG and YG with trihelix structure could form stronger hydrogen bonds with starch granules compared with OG without trihelix structure. In vitro simulated digestion experiments showed that the inhibition degree of β-glucan on the digestion rate of G-PeS was LG > YG > OG. Herein, adding β-glucan to pes starch has a big potential to promote the texture of PeS-based foods and help diabetics control postprandial glucose levels. • β-Glucan of oat (OG), yeast (YG) and Lentinula edodes (LG) enhanced the wrapping effect on pea starch (PeS) as molecular weight increased. • LG and YG with trihelix structure could form stronger hydrogen bonds with PeS compared to OG. • LG had the better inhibition effect on the digestion rate of PeS than YG and OG.

Low-Order Electrochemical State Estimation for Li-Ion Batteries

Batteries are complex systems involving spatially distributed microscopic mechanisms on different time scales whose adequate interplay is essential to ensure a desired functioning. Describing these phenomena yields nonlinearly coupled partial differential equations whose numerical solution requires considerable effort and computation time, making it an infeasible solution for real-time applications. Anyway, having information about the internal electrochemical states of the battery can pave the way for many different advanced monitoring and control strategies with a big potential for improving efficiency and longevity. For such purposes, in the present paper, a combination of a low-order representation of the essential dynamics associated to the internal electrochemical mechanisms based on Dynamic Mode Decomposition for control (DMDc) is proposed to obtain an improved equivalent circuit model (ECM) representation with continuously updated parameters and combined with an extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The model-order reduction step extensively exploits the model structure, yielding a well structured low-order representation without artificial numerical correlations. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated with numerical simulations based on a well-established reference model, showing its potential usefulness in real-time applications requiring knowledge of the internal electrochemical states besides the state-of-charge.